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PubMed1978

The dysgonic strain of Microsporum canis.

The dysgonic strain of Microsporum canis is described. The colony consists of fascicles of very wide hyphae with short compartments and close branching. Lateral branches often themselves remain short and fail to branch, and many are reflexive, growing in the opposite direction to the parent hypha. Mycelium of three types was noted, dysgonic, apparently normal, and forms intermediate between the two. Change from one form to another occurred in a cyclial manner, the transition from dysgonic to apparently normal being abrupt while that in the reverse direction was gradual. The strain was extremely unstable, both in primary isolations from cats and in subculture. Numerous sectors of other readily recognisable strains were produced, including the typical M. canis and various atypical strains previously obtained from human sources. These strains rapidly submerged their parent colonies and were much more likely to be obtained by subculture from a primary isolation plate than was the dysgonic strain itself. The relationships of the various strains to each other in the saprophytic and parasitic phases are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Atypical strains of Microsporum canis.

Four atypical isolates of Microsporum canis, three from humans and one from a cat, were obtained from North-West London. These and a further human isolate were compared with each other and with a typical isolate of the fungus. Immediately after isolation the atypical isolates were very labile, but were stabilised after a few subcultures from selected sectors. The stable forms differed from each other, but all had a tendency to brown rather than yellow pigmentation, to feathery submerged mycelium and to abnormal macroconidia. The macroscopic appearance and texture of the colonies depended on the density, orientation and branching pattern of the submerged mycelium. In recent years similar brown, feathery forms of M. canis have been reported from monkeys but not from cats. It is suggested that all such isolates may be culturally stable forms of a very unstable strains, probably feline in origin, which has yet to be described.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Antigenic characterization of Microsporum canis, M. distortum, M. equinum, M. ferrugineum and Trichophyton soudanense cultures.

The authors investigated the antigenic properties of a group of closely related dermatophytes whose components may be morphologically confused with one another: Microsporum canis, M. distortum, M. equinum, M. ferrugineum and Trichophyton soudanense. By using reference antigens and adsorbed monospecific antisera, it was possible to serologically distinguish the reference strains by the exoantigen technique. Their common and specific antigenic determinants were visualized by cross-immunoelectrophoresis tests with intermediate gel.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1978

Mating behaviour of Nannizzia otae (=Microsporum canis).

One hundred and ninety-eight isolates of Microsporum canis, obtained from humans and animals in 12 countries, were paired with the two Japanese tester strains of Nannizzia otae (= M. canis), VUT 74037 (CDC B-2094+) and VUT 74039 (CDC B-2095-). One hundred and forty-one (72%) produced either gymnothecia or pseudogymnothecia in crosses with VUT 74037. Fifty-seven (28%) were nonreactive. None of the paired isolates reacted with VUT 74039. The number of nonreactive isolates decreased to 17% when 104 of the 198 isolates were paired with one additional tester strain of each mating type. All sexually reacting strains, however, belonged to the (-) mating type. Crosses between nonreactive isolates did not result in ascocarp formation. The F1 generations from three different strongly reactive crosses were all characterized by poor ascospore germination. Most of the monoascospore progeny that germinated to form mature colonies were nonreactive in crosses to determine their mating type. Others reacted predominantly as the (+) mating type, thereby precluding the likelihood of an associated lethal factor accounting for the lack of this mating type in our clinical isolates. Several explanations for this phenomenon are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

On the occurrence of Microsporum persicolor in Montreal, Canada.

A case of Microsporum persicolor skin infection in a casual employee of a veterinary clinic in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, is reported. A survey of 80 wild rodents in the Montreal area resulted in the isolation of M. persicolor from two voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) and one deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). One of the voles, heavily infested with parasites including ticks, had obvious lesions on the nose. This is the first report of M. persicolor in rodents in North America.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cystine catabolism in mycelia of Microsporum gypseum, a dermatophytic fungus.

The fate of 35S label was studied during cystine degradation by mycelia of the dermatophytic fungus Microsporum gypseum. Excess free cystine in the medium was readily taken up and its sulfur moiety excreted as inorganic sulfate and sulfite. At intervals after 3-60 min of incubation with 35S cystine the products of cystine catabolism were extracted from the mycelia by boiling water and separated by thin layer chromatography and electrophoresis. A total of 10 sulfur-containing compounds were identified, and their relative radioactivity was assessed. After 3 min the mycelia contained, in addition to cystine, labeled cysteine and particularly cysteine sulfinic acid which was accompanied by a smaller amount of cysteic acid. Later on, oxidized and reduced glutathione, inorganic sulfate and taurine appeared consecutively. In all extracts, small amounts of labeled S-sulfocysteine were found, not, however, sulfite. The results suggest that the intermediates of cysteine degradation in the fungal mycelia are cysteine, cysteine sulfinate, unstable sulfinylpyruvate, sulfite and sulfate, i.e., that the catabolic pattern is similar to that of higher organisms. The formation and the role of S-sulfocysteine, cysteic acid, and of taurine is not yet completely understood, although certainly autoxidative processes are involved in the formation of the latter two compounds, and sulfitolysis in that of the former compound.

Chromatography, Paper↗
PubMed1979

Experimental infection of guinea-pigs with atypical and dysgonic strains of microsporum canis.

Pathogenicity tests with one dysgonic and six atypical strains of Microsporum canis were carried out on guinea-pigs. Five of the atypical strains were laboratory mutants from dysgonic strains isolated from living hosts. As sporulation and viability varied greatly between the strains, inocula consisted of suspensions of fungal fragments of known viable count. When a sufficiently active inoculum was used, lesions and fluorescent hairs were induced in the guinea-pigs by all but one of the strains tested. In each case the strain inoculated was reisolated from the lesions in pure culture. The significance of the results is discussed in the light of the unusual nature and origin of the strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Kerion-like tinea capitis and barbae caused by Microsporum gypseum in Israel.

Four cases of hair invasion by Microsporum gypseum are reported. In three the scalp was involved and in one, the beard. All presented a kerion type of invasion. In 3 cases hair penetration was of the ectothrix type, while in one case the kerion of the scalp resembled the type of invasion seen in T. schonleini infection. None of the invaded hairs showed fluorescence in Wood's light. The soil was the source of infection in 3 patients, the fungus having been isolated from soil samples collected in the vicinity of the houses of these patients through the hair bait method. In one case the source of contamination was the family dog, in which scaly, alopecic, follicularlike lesions caused by the same agent were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Dermatophytosis of tiger caused by Microsporum canis.

Microsporum canis was isolated from the inflammatory skin lesions of a Bengal tiger in April, 1979. In clinical findings rounded area of alopecia, 3 to 8 cm in size was observed on the right haunch and the tail. The skin lesions were covered with thin scales, but the inflammatory changes were not severe. Findings, on physical examination, were unremarkable and the animal appeared healthy except for the skin lesions. The infected hairs were invaded by the fungal elements and arthroconidia were around the hair shaft. Cuticles and cortex of the infected hairs were brittle. They were evidently digested and were easily pulled out from the hair follicles. In mycological findings numerous and typical macroconidia were observed. By cross mating of a isolate from tiger and Nannizzia otae(-) strains, cleistothecia were produced. Both organic iodide and undecylenic acid ointment were effective for therapy. In this paper the dermatophytosis of tiger caused by M. canis is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Microsporum racemosum. Second clinical isolation from the United States and the Chicago area.

The second clinical isolant in the United States and the Chicago area of the dermatophyte Microsporum racemosum has been made. The circinate macropapular lesion was on the dorsum of the right hand. It was vesicular with an erythematous border, was pruritic and developed rapidly to 5 cm in diameter. Within 48 hrs of the institution of systemic griseofulvin therapy and topical Burow's solution (1:20) symptoms subsided. Both this patient and the one reported by Daum and McCloud (4) live on the mid-northwest side of Chicago. So far the fungus has not been isolated from soil in the area.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Preliminary report on the isolation of a dysgonic variety of Microsporum canis together with the normal variety from a cattery.

The isolation of a dysgonic variety of Microsporum canis from a large number of cats and kittens in a cattery is described. The normal variety of this fungus was isolated at the same time from the same animals. Dysgonic varieties are thought to be mutants of normal strains, but this isolation of both forms together suggests that the relationship may be more complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of mating types among clinical isolates of the Microsporum gypseum complex.

Forty-five clinical isolates of Microsporum gypseum were crossed with the + and - tester strains of Nannizzia gypsea, N. incurvata and N. fulva to determine their mating type. Thirty-two produced fertile gymnothecia when crossed with N. gypsea, of which 13 reacted as + and 19 as -. Ten produced fertile gymnothecia when crossed with N. incurvata, of which 7 reacted as + and 3 as -. The remaining 3 were sterile in all crosses with N. gypsea. N. incurvata and N. fulva. Of these 3, 2 were fluffy, degenerated cultures of M. gypseum, and the other one appeared to bae identical with the description of M. gypseum var. vinosum in cultural and morphological characteristics. There was approximately a 1:1 overall ratio of mating types among a total of 90 clinical isolates of M. gypseum in Japan on the basis of the above results and the data recently reported in the literature by other Japanese workers. The present results suggest that the ability to cause skin infection of humans by the soil-inhabiting organisms is approximately equal in the mating types and probably independent of sexuality.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

First European report of swine infection by Microsporum nanum.

The first European case of swine infection by Microsporum nanum is reported. The infected pig came from a farm in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. European records of human and lower animal infections by this fungus and soil isolation records are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Microsporum racemosum: first isolation in the United States.

What is believed to be the first isolation in the United States of the dermatophyte Microsporum racemosum (2) was obtained from a 79 year old white male. The patient had numerous excoriations on the forehead, scalp, and nape of the neck. (Fig. 1) A culture of scrapings from the forehead grew out a flat, granular, cream-colored colony with a red cherry-colored pigment on the reverse. (Fig. 2). The growth was exceedingly rapid, reaching a thallus of 40 mm. in diameter within 15 days. On microscopic examination the organism was found to produce numerous echinulated macroaleuriospores, (Fig. 3,5) as well as numerous microaleuriospores which are striking in appearance, occurring in wand-like clusters and being frequently stalked. (Fig. 4,5) The macroaleuriospores are quite large, achieving over 60 microns in length and 15-16 microns in diameter. The colony and microscopic appearance was consistent with Borelli's description, with the exception of the wall of the macroaleuriospore. Borelli described the wall as being thin and very similar to M. gypsum, while in the isolation from Illinois, the wall was moderately thick. Drs. Ajello and Padhye of the U.S. Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia confirmed the identification.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Outbreak of Tinea capitis caused by Microsporum ferrugineum in Thailand.

There was an outbreak of Tinea capitis at the Pak-kred Home for Mentally and Physically Handicapped Babies, Bangkok, Thailand in 1993. One hundred and thirty-eight cases were diagnosed as tinea capitis based on clinical signs and positive laboratory investigations. The results of Wood's light examination, KOH preparation and fungal culture were positive in 89.9, 75.9 and 27.4% respectively. The non-inflammatory form had a higher rate of positive KOH and culture than in the inflammatory form. Microsporum ferrugineum was the major pathogen (66.7%) and most of its infections (80.4%) caused a non-inflammatory type of tinea capitis. Griseofulvin, in a dosage of 10-15 mg/kg/day and selenium sulfide shampoos, yielded an 84.8% cure rate within 14.9 weeks. No recurrence or obvious adverse reactions were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Conditioned pathogenicity of Microsporum gypseum biochemical mutants.

Experimental infections of guinea pigs with three biochemical mutants of Microsporum gypseum are described. Under normal conditions the mutants are avirulent. The virulence became manifested in two mutants (1) when substance necessary for growth of individual mutants were brought into the place of inoculation, (2) when the defense mechanism of the organism was altered with the application of immunosuppressive drugs. One of the mutants was permanently avirulent. The importance of experimental results for explanation of conditioned pathogenicity of some dermatophytes is discussed.

Adenine↗