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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Dermatological diseases and treatment described in the Turkish manuscripts (XIV-XVth centuries) (part II)].

This study deals with skin diseases described in the earliest compiled or translated Turkish medical manuscripts of the 14th and 15th centuries in Anatolia. The manuscripts studied are: Müntehab-i Sifa, Edviye-i Müfrede, Tervihü'l-Ervah, Yadigâr, Cerrahiyyetü'l-Haniyye, Kamilü's-Sinaatü't-Tibbiye Tercü-mesi, Kitab-i Müntehab-i fi't-Tibb, Haza'inü's-Sa'adat, Akrabadin Tercümesi, Mücerrebname, Müfredât-i Ibn-i Baytar Tercümesi, Tuhfe-i Mübarizi and Tuhfe-i Muradi. The skin diseases known at that time are studied under the following topics: Cüderi (Ciçek, Variola, Small-pox); Hasbe (Kizamik, Rubeola, Measles); Cüzzam (Lepra, Leprosy, Hansen's disease); Demregü (Temriye, Dermatophtosis, Tinea corporis); Behak (There are two types: the white and the black; the black is Addison's disease); Baras (Ala, Vitilio); Nemle (Isirga, Makül); Ateş paresi (Nar-i farisi, frunculosis); Cemre (Kara kabarcik, Sirpençe, Karbonkül, Carbuncle); Caversiye (Kabarcik hastaliği, blisters disease); Sivilceler (Various types of pimples; Humre: Yilancik, Erizipel, Erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire; Başbert: Ciban, Fronkül, Boil, Fruncle; Dümmel: Kan çibani, Abse, Abscess); Abile (Kabarcik, Bule); Seretan (Kanser, Cancer); Hanazir (Siraca, Scrofuloderma); Akile (Yinürbaş, Gangren); Kurdeşen (Urtiker, Urticeria); Uyuz (Gale, Scabies); Giciyik (Kaşinti, Pruritus); Sa'fe (Konak, Seboreik dermatit, Scurf; Kel (Alopesi, Favus); Evram (Sişler, Urlar, Tumours); Yara (Karha, Cerahat, Wound). The terminology and symptoms of these diseases are studied and tried to find their equivalents of today. The causes and the treatment of the skin diseases known then are presented. The second part of Tokaç's article continues to deal with the etiology, symptoms and treatment of dermatological diseases.

History, 15th Century↗
PubMed2000

[Dermatological diseases and treatment described in the Turkish manuscripts (XIV-XVth centuries)].

This study deals with skin diseases described in the earliest compiled or translated Turkish medical manuscripts of the 14th and 15th centuries in Anatolia. The manuscripts studies are: Müntehab-i Sifa, Edviye-i Müfrede, Tervihü'l-Ervah, Yadigâr, Cerrahiyyetü'l-Haniyye, Kamilü's-Sinaatü't-Tibbiye Tercü-mesi, Kitab-i Müntehab-i fi't-Tibb, Haza'inü's-Sa'adat, Akrabadin Tercümesi, Mücerrebname, Müfredât-Ibn-i Baytar Tercümesi, Tuhfe-i Mübarizi, Tuhfe-i Muradi. The skin disease know at that time are studied under the following topics: Cüderi (Ciçek, Variola, Small-pox); Hasbe (Kizamik, Rubeola, Measles); Cüzzam (Lepra, Leprosy, Hansen's disease); Demregü (Temriye, Dermatophtosis, Tinea coproris); Behak (There are two types: the white and the black; the black is Addison's disease ); Baras (Ala, Vitilio); Nemle (Isirga, Makül); Ateş paresi (Nar-i farisi, frunculosis); Cemre (Kara kabarcik, Sirpenşe, Karbonkül, Carbuncle); Caversiye (Kabarcik hastaliği, blisters disease); Sivilceler (Various types of pimples; Humre: Yilancik, Erizipel, Erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire; Başbert: Ciban, Fronkül, Boil, Fruncle; Dümmel: Kan çibani, Abse, Abscess); Abile (Kabarcik, Bule); Seretan (Kanser, Cancer); Hanaziz (Siraca, Scrofuloderma); Akile (Yinürbaş, Gangren); Kurdeşen (Urtiker, Urticeria); Uyuz (Gale, Scabies); Giciyik (Kaşinti, Prutitus); Sa'fe (Konak, Seboreik dermatit, Scurf); Kel (Aloposi, Favus); Evram (Sişler, Urlar, Tumours); Yara (Karha, Cerahat, Wound). The terminology and symptoms of these diseases are studied and tired to find their equivalents of today. The causes and the treatment of the skin diseases known then are presented.

Dermatology↗
PubMed2005

Preserving blind peer review of electronic manuscript files.

Peer review of manuscripts for potential publication has become an intrinsic component of the scientific process, and is aimed at improving the manuscript's quality through unbiased, independent, and critical assessment by experts who are not on the journal's staff (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, 2003).

Editorial Policies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

["De Arthetica passione" in a XVth century Italian manuscript].

The author describes a 15th century Italian manuscript by Antonio Cauchoreus based on the translation of the treatise "De Arthetica passione" by Antonio Guainiero di Pauia. This manuscript, that is in the Capitular Archive of Toledo, in keeping with the method of Consilia (analysis of symptoms, definition of the cause and diagnosis), presents some practical rules to treat gout, including particular herbal remedies.

Gout↗
PubMed2006

New reflections on the instruments represented in the manuscripts of John Arderne's treatise "De Fistula in Ano".

The author believes that there has been insufficient explanation of the use of the instruments described by the medieval English Surgeon John Arderne, to treat fistula in ano. Examining the existing manuscripts which describe the instruments and the operations, brings to light some problems of interpretation, particularly in relation to the tendiculum. The primary text is unknown and we have to use various texts in Latin and Old English from the 14th and 15th Centuries. It is important to understand the way in which John Arderne used illustrations of instruments in his work. The text and drawings were carefully combined and the instruments drawn to scale. In Latin this is described as "sicut depingit" and in 15th century old English "as it is peynted (or paynted)". This is rare in medieval manuscripts, but gives us more insight into both the instruments and the way that they were used. The paper examines the instruments and the techniques that John Arderne described and compares different interpretations that have appeared over the years. In particular Sloane Ms 3844 is felt to be the most accurate and helpful, and extracts from this are looked at in some detail to give a clearer picture of the treatment of fistula in ano described by John Arderne.

Digestive System Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1991

[Editorial analysis of manuscripts sent for publication in the Revista Médica de Chile].

We analyzed 121 articles published in this Journal in 1989. Papers were classified as "clinical experiences" (55%), "research articles" (31%), "public health" (10%) and "clinical laboratory" (4%). 79% of papers were elaborated in University institutions and 77% came from the area of Santiago. 23% of articles were published in the original version and 77% required rewriting by authors to comply with editorial board review. In each case, time between reception of the manuscript and acceptation for publication was 69 +/- 36 (SD) and 141 +/- 78 days, respectively. Reviewers used 35 +/- 19 days. Main observations from reviewers were: lengthy introduction (17%), unprecise statement of objective (16%), inadequate description of methods (17%) or of patient selection criteria (9%), inadequate discussion of results (19%) or unsupported conclusions (18%) and inappropriate statistical analysis (17%). The title was changed in order to make it more informative and shorter in 23%, tables were standardized in 17% and references in 24% of papers. Awareness of these findings may help authors improve their manuscripts and reduce editorial time.

Manuscripts, Medical as Topic↗
PubMed1995

The unfinished manuscript in the drawer: observations on the analysis of a type of symptom.

The interminable project, such as an unfinished manuscript in the drawer, is a familiar affliction in populations of writers, artists and intellectuals. An unrelenting absorption in such a project consuming whole decades of one's life distinguishes this plight from more benign varieties of work inhibition. The interminable project lends itself to a real dilemma of a double life. A case of a female writer and lecturer is presented, in which a longstanding unfinished manuscript figures as a principal complaint. In addition to familiar developmental conflicts, which psychoanalysis finds in psychopathologies of ambition and achievement, the analysis of this patient called for particular attention to various gains of the symptom itself; for example, its lending feasibility to the patient's alternative career by making of it something less ideal and therefore less crucial than it otherwise would have been. Moreover, the harrowing consumption of time that characterises such symptoms was also maintaining a state of moral masochism that gratified the patient's subdued ambivalence towards the analyst and the analysis. A literary project that exists principally to serve such ends as these expires as something feasible when the analysis has subtracted from it its extra-literary aims and devices.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A light on medical practice in 19th-century Canada: the medical manuscripts of Dr. John Mackieson of Charlottetown.

During his long career as a physician in Charlottetown, Dr. John Mackieson (1795-1885) compiled 4 medical manuscripts: 2 sets of case records, a synopsis of the medical conditions that were common in his day and a formulary. As primary sources, these documents provide information about medicine in 19th-century Canada and augment our knowledge of the problems of medical practice in that era. They illustrate aspects of the work of Dr. Mackieson, a generalist with interests in surgery and obstetrics, and they facilitate an understanding of the rationale underlying the treatments that he and his contemporaries used. Although 150 years old, the case records can be appreciated for their relevance to the art of medicine. Two excerpts from the case records, presented in this article, provide a sense of Dr. Mackieson's writings and introduce a discussion on the significance of these manuscripts in relation to the ideas on disease and treatment that governed medical practice, both in Prince Edward Island and elsewhere in Canada, in the 19th century.

Canada↗
PubMed2005

[The processes of manuscript evaluation and publication in Medicina Clínica. The editorial committee of Medicina Clínica].

The decision-making process includes a series of activities undertaken in biomedical journals from the moment a manuscript is received until it is accepted or rejected. Firstly, the manuscript is evaluated by the members of the Editorial Board, who analyze both its suitability for the journal and its scientific quality. After this initial evaluation, the article is evaluated by peer reviewers, an essential process to guarantee its scientific validity. Both the Editorial Board and the peer reviewers usually use checklists which are of enormous help in this task. Once the biomedical article has been accepted, the publication process is started, which in turn includes a series of steps, beginning with technical and medical review of the article's contents and ending with the article's publication in the journal. The present article provides a detailed description of the main technical and ethical issues involved in the processes of decision-making and publication of biomedical articles.

Authorship↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Haunted manuscripts: ghost authorship in the medical literature.

Ghost authorship occurs when an individual who contributed substantially to a manuscript is not named in the byline or acknowledgments. Ghost authors may be employed by industry to prepare clinical trial results for publication. An expert is then "hired" as author so as to lend an air of credibility and neutrality to the manuscript. Ghost authorship is difficult to detect, and most articles that have been identified as ghostwritten were revealed as such only after investigative work by lawyers, journalists, or scientists. Ghost authorship is ethically questionable in that it may be used to mask conflicts of interest with industry. As it has been demonstrated that industry sponsorship of clinical trials may be associated with outcomes favorable to industry, this is problematic. Evidence-based medicine requires that clinical decisions be based on empirical evidence published in peer-reviewed medical journals. If physicians base their decisions on dubious research data, this can have negative consequences for patients. Ghost authorship also compromises academic integrity. A "film credit" concept of authority is one solution to the problems posed by ghost authorship. Other approaches have been taken by the United Kingdom and Denmark. A solution is necessary, as the relationship between authorship and accountability must be maintained.

Authorship↗
PubMed1993

An intervention to improve the reliability of manuscript reviews for the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

OBJECTIVE: The effects of methods used to improve the interrater reliability of reviewers' ratings of manuscripts submitted to the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry were studied. METHOD: Reviewers' ratings of consecutive manuscripts submitted over approximately 1 year were first analyzed; 296 pairs of ratings were studied. Intraclass correlations and confidence intervals for the correlations were computed for the two main ratings by which reviewers quantified the quality of the article: a 1-10 overall quality rating and a recommendation for acceptance or rejection with four possibilities along that continuum. Modifications were then introduced, including a multi-item rating scale and two training manuals to accompany it. Over the next year, 272 more articles were rated, and reliabilities were computed for the new scale and for the scales previously used. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation of the most reliable rating before the intervention was 0.27; the reliability of the new rating procedure was 0.43. The difference between these two was significant. The reliability for the new rating scale was in the fair to good range, and it became even better when the ratings of the two reviewers were averaged and the reliability stepped up by the Spearman-Brown formula. The new rating scale had excellent internal consistency and correlated highly with other quality ratings. CONCLUSIONS: The data confirm that the reliability of ratings of scientific articles may be improved by increasing the number of rating scale points, eliciting ratings of separate, concrete items rather than a global judgment, using training manuals, and averaging the scores of multiple reviewers.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Developing and evaluating criteria to help reviewers of biomedical informatics manuscripts.

Peer-reviewed publication of scientific research results represents the most important means of their communication. The authors have annually reviewed a large heterogeneous set of papers to produce the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook of Medical Informatics. To support an objective and high-quality review process, the authors attempted to provide reviewers with a set of refined quality criteria, comprised of 80 general criteria and an additional 60 criteria for specific types of manuscripts. Authors conducted a randomized controlled trial, with 18 reviewers, to evaluate application of the refined criteria on review outcomes. Whereas the trial found that reviewers applying the criteria graded papers more strictly (lower overall scores), and that junior reviewers appreciated the availability of the criteria, there was no overall change in the interrater variability in reviewing the manuscripts. The authors describe their experience as a "case report" and provide a reference to the refined quality review criteria without claiming that the criteria represent a validated instrument for quantitative quality measurement.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Joseph Toynbee and his son Arnold: unpublished manuscript written by Adam Politzer.

In 1914, Adam Politzer (1835-1920) was invited to the Viennese Toynbee Hall to give a lecture. To prepare for his lecture, Politzer wrote a manuscript of 22 pages, seven of them are particularly interesting concerning biographical information on Joseph and Arnold Toynbee. These seven pages are presented in translation from German to English. Politzer particularly emphasizes the social qualities of these two men. This manuscript is representative of his high regard for Joseph and Arnold Toynbee. It completes the few existing biographies of Joseph Toynbee.

Ear Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Manuscript peer review--a guide for health care professionals.

Peer review, in which peer experts assess the value of a manuscript submitted to a professional journal, is regarded as a crucial step in publication. It is generally agreed that its usefulness is highly dependent on the preparedness of each reviewer and quality of each assessment. With sustained growth in biomedical publications, more and more health professionals are being called on to serve as peer reviewers. An instructional framework should assist pharmacists and other health care professionals in conducting high-quality manuscript reviews.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Manuscript reviewing: what reviewers have to say.

This paper reports a study that examined the experience of manuscript reviewing. Fifteen reviewers participated, responding to questions about their experience of the process, its perceived strengths and weaknesses, and areas considered worthy of further investigation. Qualitative methodology and analysis were employed. Overall, the study showed that manuscript reviewing brings both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, but that a price must be paid for these in terms of time spent and frustrations associated with the task. There was some skepticism among reviewers about the value of the peer review process, along with a desire for improvement. Recommendations for further research centre largely around the politics of scholarship and creating a more transparent process.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does exchanging comments of Indian and non-Indian reviewers improve the quality of manuscript reviews?

BACKGROUND: The quality of peer reviewing in developing countries is thought to be poor. To examine whether this was so, we compared the performance of Indian and non-Indian reviewers who were sent original and review articles submitted to The National Medical Journal of India. We also tested whether informing reviewers that their comments would be exchanged improved the quality of their reviews. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, blinded study, we sent 100 manuscripts to pairs of peer reviewers (Indian and non-Indian) of which 78 pairs of completed replies were available for analysis. Thirty-eight pairs of reviews were exchanged and 40 were not. The quality of the reviews was assessed by two editors who were unaware of the reviewers' nationality and whether they had been told that their reviews would be exchanged. The quality of the reviews was scored out of 100 (based on a predesigned evaluation proforma). We also measured the time taken to return a manuscript. RESULTS: Overall, non-Indian reviewers scored higher than Indians (mean scores non-Indians first, 56.7 v. 48.6, p < 0.001), especially those in the non-exchanged group (58.4 v. 47.3, p < 0.001) but not the exchanged group (54.8 v. 50.0, p < 0.06). Being informed that reviews would be exchanged did not affect the quality of reviews by non-Indians (54.8 exchanged v. 58.4 non-exchanged) or of reviews by Indians (50.0 exchanged v. 47.3 non-exchanged). The editors' assessment of the reviewers matched well (r = 0.59, p < 0.001). Non-Indians took the same amount of time as Indians to return their reviews, although the postage time was at least eight days longer. CONCLUSIONS: We found that non-Indian peer reviewers were better than Indians and informing them that their views would be exchanged did not seem to affect the quality of their reviews. We suggest that Indian editors should also use non-Indian reviewers and start training programmes to improve the quality of peer reviews in India.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Postscript: follow-up after manuscript submission.

Tracking your manuscript is one way to help the review process go smoothly and it keeps you actively involved. Verifying the arrival of your manuscript and politely asking for feedback helps reduce needless frustrations. If a journal encourages you to revise and resubmit, the chances of acceptance and publication improve.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

In the 12 years since it was first published, the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (the Vancouver style), developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, has been widely accepted by both authors and editors; more than 400 journals have stated that they will consider manuscripts that conform to its requirements. This is the fourth edition of the Uniform Requirements.

Authorship↗