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PubMed1981

Ultrasound mammography: a comparison with radiographic mammography.

The results of 1,029 ultrasound B-scan examinations of the breast using two automated water-path scanners were correlated with histopathology data in 278 patients who had undergone biopsy. Of the 1,029 patients, a subgroup of 709 patients had both ultrasound mammograms (USM) and radiographic mammograms (XRM) obtained. A sensitivity for breast cancer of 69% was found for USM and 74% for XRM on initial independent readings when there was no knowledge of clinical data. These are not statistically different using the McNemar test for paired comparisons. When the USM were reinterpreted with the knowledge of the patient's age, history, physical examination, and, when available, the XRM interpretation, the USM sensitivity for breast cancer was 79%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The Mammography Quality Standards Act and interventional mammography procedures.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is in the early stages of developing regulations regarding mammographic interventional procedures. When implemented, the regulations have a significant impact on the way these procedures are performed. As part of the development process, the FDA is working with the American College of Surgeons (ACS), the American College of Radiology (ACR), and other interested professional and consumer groups. The goal is to ensure access to high-quality services for the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1996

Computerized Image Analysis of Clustered Microcalcifications on Mammography: Morphome- tric Comparison between Mammography and Pathology.

The clusters of microcalcifications under 2 cm in greatest dimension were analyzed in terms of size and shape by an image processor with a computer after being magnified 33 times. The mean diameter of mammographic microcalcifications was 188 µ m in benign cases, 226µ m in cribriform or papillary type cancer cases, 213 µ m in intermediate type cancer cases, and 324µ m in comedo type cancer cases, showing significant differences among the groups. The size distribution of mammographic microcalcifications in the comedo type was characteristic, showing a second peak in distribution between 500 and 700µ m. The radiodensity of microcalcifications compared to the breast parenchyma, the caliber of breast ducts containing the malignant calcifications, and the unit volume of calcium deposits within the ductal lumens were greater in cancer cases. The size and shape of mammographic microcalcifications were considered to be related to a combination of the caliber of breast ducts, unit volume of calcium deposits within the ductal lumens, and the density of breast ducts containing calcium deposits. Duct calibers were generally larger in cases of cancer lesions than cases of benign lesions such as duct papillomatosis, thus calcium deposits and microcalcifications were greater in the cancer lesion. Uneven distrubution of size and form of microcalcifications over 250 µ m in size, and increased radiodensity of calcifications were useful parameters for differential diagnosis rather than the density of calcifications.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Mammography quality assurance. Current issues.

Some of the issues being addressed in mammography quality assurance are 1) that image quality is the most important technical aspect of mammography; 2) that image quality has improved steadily over the past two decades and will continue to improve at most mammography sites in the United States; 3) that the American College of Radiology's Mammography Accreditation Program is the best way to ensure high quality mammogram; 4) that access to high quality mammography is not geographically restricted, with over half the mammography sites in the United States now ACR accredited and another 30% participating in the accreditation process; 5) that regular and effective quality assurance, as described in the ACR Mammography Quality Control Manuals and as required of ACR accredited sites, is the only way to ensure that superior mammography image quality is maintained; and 6) that sites with higher mammography volume have better quality assurance practices and lower failure rates than others within the ACR Mammography Accreditation Program. Two bills passed by the United States Congress, the Medicare Coverage of Screening Mammography (1990) and the Mammography Quality Standards Act (1992), contain mammography quality assurance provisions. As a result of the 1990 Medicare bill, on-site inspections of Medicare screening sites began in the fall of 1992. The Mammography Quality Standards Act is scheduled to go into effect on October 1, 1994. The current challenges to mammography are to improve and maintain high image quality at every mammography site, to improve imaging of the dense breast, to implement patient-tracking and follow-up mechanisms to improve compliance and assess the efficacy of screening, and to ensure that federal mammography quality standards are effectively and appropriately implemented.

Accreditation↗