Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MALOCCLUSION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

An investigation into the relationship between the cranial base angle and malocclusion.

A number of authors have suggested that there is a relationship between the degree of cranial base flexion and type of malocclusion, with the angle becoming increasingly obtuse from class III through class I to class II subjects. A retrospective cephalometric study was carried out to examine the contribution of cranial base angle in the four groups of malocclusion as classified by the British Standards Institution. Results showed that the cranial base flexure does not play a pivotal role in determining malocclusion. Jaw size, however, was significantly different between the main classes of malocclusion. The maxilla was found to be longer in class II subjects and the mandible longer in class III subjects.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1983

Malocclusion in Lagos, Nigeria.

617 schoolchildren 10-19 years of age were examined in order to assess the prevalence of malocclusion in a population sample in Lagos. Class I occlusion accounted for 76.8%, followed closely by Class II malocclusion, 14.7%, and Class III malocclusion, 8.4%. Crowding was recorded in 15.1% of the cases, most of which occurred anteriorly. The present study shows some interesting differences in the prevalences of malocclusions compared to studies on Caucasian subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Common factors among the major malocclusions.

Dental practitioners tend to classify malocclusions in a schematic fashion often forgetting the full possibilities of characteristics related to a particular situation or malocclusion. This paper is designed to clarify and describe the different malocclusions, stressing the multiple faces of Class I in the mixed dentition based on the previous work of Drs. Anderson, Dewey and Sim. The description of all the major malocclusions is included with their facial, skeletal, dental and functional characteristics. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment planning with a summary of possible difficulties in treatment are also discussed.

Dentition, Mixed↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of defined symptoms of malocclusion among probands enrolled in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) in the age group from 20 to 49 years.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: SHIP is a complexly structured, population-based cross-sectional study of adults in the German region of Pomerania (age group covered: 20-79 years). Findings in a population subgroup (age group 20-49 years; n = 1777; 53.1% women; 46.9% men) were subjected to orthodontic evaluation. Graduated registration of anterior crowding, overjet, frontal overbite and sagittal intermaxillary relationship of the posterior teeth; registration of ectopic canines, posterior crowding, anterior and posterior crossbite, negative overjet, retroclination of the upper incisors, buccal nonocclusion, and lateral open bite. The prevalence of almost regular dentition and of symptoms of malocclusion as well as the frequency of orthodontic treatment (subjective patient data) undergone by men and women were recorded. The correlation between the registered symptoms of malocclusion was calculated. RESULTS: 92.2% of the subjects had symptoms of malocclusion varying in number and severity. An anatomically correct dentition was found in only 7.8% of cases, and an "almost regular dentition" (inclusion criteria defined) in 14.2%. 32.8% of the subjects had severe malocclusion (inclusion criteria defined). The most frequent symptoms were anterior crowding, increased overjet, and distoclusion. These symptoms were significantly more frequent in women, while spacing and edge-to-edge bite, excessive overbite and mesioclusion were more frequent in men. 26.7% of the probands (28.0% women, 25.3% men) reported having received orthodontic treatment. The prevalence of craniofacial malformations (cleft lip and palate, syndromes) was 0.09% in women and 0.2% in men. Increased overjet was most frequently correlated with other symptoms of malocclusion.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Malocclusions and clinical signs or subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in adults. Results of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP).

AIM AND METHOD: The objective was to determine with reference to a representative sample of 4310 men and women aged 20 to 81 (response rate 68.8%) drawn from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-0) whether associations exist between malocclusions and temporomandibular dysfunctions in adults. Besides clinically investigated signs, subjectively perceived symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were studied in each individual together with malocclusions (plus normal occlusion), functional occlusion factors, and sociodemographic parameters. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used, adjusted for age and discriminated for gender. The results were compared with those of other population-based studies identified by a systematic review undertaken by the present authors. RESULTS: Some malocclusions were associated with signs or symptoms of TMD but tended to occur only rarely: unilateral open bite, negative overjet, and unilateral scissors-bite in men, and edge-to-edge bite in women. However, malocclusions (and functional occlusion factors) accounted for only a small part of the differences between the control population and the study population with signs or symptoms of TMD. In terms of the multifactorial problem of temporomandibular disorders they should be seen as cofactors. The results, together with those of other population-based studies, revealed no specific, i.e. recurring malocclusions (or other occlusal factors) presenting as risk markers.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Influence of examiner differences on KIG-classification when assessing malocclusions.

OBJECTIVE: Indication systems such as the German KIG system (Kieferorthopädische Indikationsgruppen = Orthodontic Indication Groups) presuppose the objective assessment of underlying malocclusions. In this survey, we aimed to investigate the degree of agreement among the findings of several examiners in the assessment of different malocclusions and their classification according to the KIG system. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Calibrated examiners assessed in the clinical evaluation and on plaster models orthodontic malocclusions in 180 adults (aged 20-49, 64 male, 116 female) from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Clinical examination was carried out by an experienced orthodontist, and the plaster models were also analysed by an examiner experienced in orthodontics. To compare inter- and intra-individual model examiners, we had two examiners with differing orthodontic experience carry out additional analyses of 60 of the 180 models (29 male, 31 female). RESULTS: The examiner differences yielded various KIG classifications and hence different assessments (i. e., whether KIG case-costs should be borne by health insurance). The comparison "clinical examination versus model analysis" revealed differences regarding 16.7% of the study participants in the assessment of whether the expense would be borne by the statutory health insurance fund. At 5.0-8.3%, the number of participants whose assessments had differed was much smaller in the inter-individual comparison of model-examiners and was smallest (at 3.3-6.7%) when comparison was made between intra-individual assessments (by a sole examiner). With regard to overall malocclusion assessment, the greatest examiner differences were again revealed when comparing the clinical examination with the model analysis (median kappa 0.57). The model-examiner comparison revealed larger differences among examiners with less orthodontic experience (median kappa 0.61 and 0.62) than the comparison between examiners with orthodontic experience (median kappa 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: There can occasionally be considerable examiner differences in the classification of participants according to orthodontic indication groups and hence varying assessments of whether such persons are KIG cases or not. Various means of data collection (clinical evaluation-plaster models) in the assessment of malocclusions by multiple examiners and by those with little orthodontic experience may negatively influence agreement among examiners.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Reliability and validity of clinical assessments of malocclusion.

The purpose of this research was to determine the reliability and validity of selected clinical judgments of malocclusion, including general evaluations of occlusal status and more specific aspects of dentofacial malrelations. Study casts of twenty-one adolescents planning orthodontic treatment and twenty-nine not planning treatment were examined and rated. The examiners were five dentists in an orthodontic specialty-training program. They completed ratings on six dimensions: (1) need for treatment, (2) degree of malocclusion, (3) potential for tissue loss, (4) negative effect on occlusal stability, (5) negative effect on dental-facial attractiveness, and (6) negative effect on masticatory function. Six weeks later the same five rates scored the fifty casts, using the standardized Treatment Priority Index (TPI). Three weeks later, or 9 weeks after the initial ratings, the casts were again rated on the two general dimensions: need for treatment and degree of malocclusion. Correlations among all the measures were examined. Inter-rater reliability was highest for the ratings of impact on dental-facial attractiveness (r = 0.88). The two general assessments also yielded relatively high rater reliabilities, and the second rating yielded stability coefficients of 0.84 for both of these ratings. Correlations with total TPI scores were 0.70 for the dental-facial attractiveness measure and 0.65 and 0.64, respectively, for assessments of need for treatment and degree of malocclusion. The data indicate that clinical evaluations of the severity of malocclusions are comparable to objective measures in terms of inter-rater reliability. Clinical evaluations are also relatively stable over time. Correlations with the TPI scores also provide evidence of the concurrent validity of clinical judgments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Malocclusion at adolescence related to self-reported tooth loss and functional disorders in adulthood.

It has been argued that malocclusion may predispose to tooth loss and functional disorders of the masticatory system. It was the purpose of this study to examine relationships between untreated malocclusion, recorded at adolescence, and self-reported tooth loss and functional disorders in adulthood. In 1965-66, the occurrence of morphologic traits of malocclusion was recorded in 977 Danish adolescents who did not have access to organized orthodontic care. Fifteen years later, 841 (86%) of these subjects responded to a questionnaire screening for tooth loss, symptoms involving the temporomandibular joints and muscles, and some other symptoms of dysfunction. The occurrence of malocclusion was related to the symptoms of the temporomandibular joints and muscles and other functional symptoms. Only a few significant coefficients of correlation were observed. Extreme maxillary overjet (greater than 9 mm) and frontal open bite showed significant correlations with unsatisfactory biting ability. Crossbite was correlated positively with speech defects but negatively with tenderness or fatigue of the cheeks; unilateral crossbite was associated with locking of the mandible. It was concluded that the untreated morphologic traits of malocclusion did not seem to predispose to tooth loss or functional disorders of the masticatory system as reported at the age of 30 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pressure from the lips on the teeth and malocclusion.

The relationship between lip strength and lip pressure (pressure from the lips on the teeth) was studied in 84 children (aged 7 to 16 years) with varying types of malocclusion. The lip strength was recorded with a dynamometer. The lip pressure was measured on the upper and lower central incisors in the rest position, and during chewing and swallowing of crispbread. The lip pressure measurements were made with an extraoral pressure transducer incorporated in a water-filled system with an intraoral mouthpiece. The muscle activity of the lips was recorded electromyographically. Bite and facial morphologies were studied on dental casts and profile cephalograms. There was no correlation between lip strength and lip pressure. Lip strength was lower in children with Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion than in children with Class I malocclusion. The lip pressure on the upper incisors, on the other hand, was higher in Class II, Division 1 than in Class I malocclusion, and was lowest in children with Class II, Division 2 malocclusion. The findings suggest that the pressure from the lips on the teeth is a result of the incisor position.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Recording and measuring malocclusion: a review of the literature.

The methods of recording and measuring malocclusion can be broadly divided into two types: qualitative and quantitative. Among the qualitative methods of recording malocclusion, Angle's method of classifying malocclusion with or without modifications is probably the most widely used. The "WHO/FDI Basic Method for Recording of Malocclusion" was published in 1979 to establish an assessment format to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and to estimate treatment needs of a population. Among the many occlusion indices developed by various research workers, the occlusal index developed by Summers appeared to have the least amount of bias, is best correlated with clinical standards and has the highest validity during time. More recently, methods have also been developed to enable assessment of treatment need according to grade index scales. However, experience in using these methods is still very limited.

Humans↗
PubMed2007

Class II subdivision malocclusion types and evaluation of their asymmetries.

INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this study was to determine, by means of frontal photographic evaluation, the distribution of the 2 main types of Class II subdivision malocclusions. The secondary objective was to compare the dentoskeletal asymmetries in these 2 types with a group of normal-occlusion subjects by using submentovertex and posteroanterior radiographs. METHODS: The experimental group included 44 untreated Class II subdivision malocclusion subjects with a mean age of 15.3 years. The control group included 30 subjects with normal occlusions with a mean age of 22.4 years. All had full complements of permanent teeth up to the first molars and had not received orthodontic treatment. Type 1 Class II subdivision malocclusion is coincidence of the maxillary dental midline with the facial midline and deviation of the mandibular midline. Type 2 has the opposite characteristics. The frontal photographs were evaluated subjectively by 2 examiners. In the submentovertex and posteroanterior radiographs, symmetry was assessed by measuring the relative difference in the spatial positions of dentoskeletal landmarks between the right and left sides. Independent t tests were used to compare the dentoskeletal asymmetries of types 1 and 2 with the normal-occlusion group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that 61.36% had type 1, 18.18% had type 2 Class II subdivision malocclusion, and 20.45% had mixed characteristics. The predominant asymmetric dentoalveolar characteristics of both types of Class II subdivision malocclusions were evident when individually compared with a normal-occlusion control group. There was a tendency for the type 1 subjects to have greater mandibular asymmetry than type 2, as compared with the control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Orthodontic treatment experience and prevalence of malocclusion traits in an Icelandic adult population.

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to record the extent of orthodontic treatment and the prevalence of occlusal anomalies in an adult sample in Iceland. METHODS: The study was based on a random sample of 829 subjects, 342 men and 487 women, aged 31 to 44 years, who completed questionnaires about their orthodontic treatment experiences and were available for clinical examination. RESULTS: Complete dentitions in both jaws were present in 52.8% of the women and 45.3% of the men at the examinations. Significantly higher percentages of the women had received orthodontic treatment of some kind (24.3% compared with 16.9% for the men) and treatment with fixed appliances (16.0% compared with 9.5% for the men). Malocclusion traits were recorded with a standardized method, describing sagittal and vertical incisor relationships, sagittal and transverse molar relationships, and mandibular and maxillary space conditions. The results showed that 45.5% of the subjects had no malocclusions, 33.9% had 1 malocclusion trait, and 20.5% had 2 to 4 traits. The most frequent malocclusion traits were distal molar occlusion (27.7%), mandibular anterior crowding (13.4%), molar crossbite (11.9%), excessive overbite (11.8%), maxillary anterior crowding (7.1%), mesial molar occlusion (6.9%), and excessive overjet (5.3%). The prevalences of mandibular overjet, mesial occlusion, and scissors-bite were significantly higher in the men than in the women. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalences of malocclusion traits were similar in treated and untreated subjects, except for a significantly lower prevalence of overjet and a higher prevalence of molar crossbite in the treated group. Comparison with other studies showed low prevalences of overjet, overbite, open bite, and maxillary and mandibular spacing and crowding; other variables fell within the ranges of prevalence in previous surveys.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Three-dimensional diagnosis and management of Class II malocclusion in the mixed dentition.

Class II malocclusion is a commonly observed problem, occurring in about one third of the United States population. The numerous treatment approaches that have been advocated to treat this malocclusion presumably produce differing treatment effects within the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue components of the face. In the first section of this article, the three-dimensional components of Class II malocclusion are described, with transverse maxillary discrepancy, mandibular skeletal retrusion, and increased lower anterior facial height observed as common findings in a mixed dentition sample of Class II subjects. Second, the literature concerning two seemingly diverse treatment methods (extraoral traction and functional jaw orthopedics) is reviewed in detail. Last, cephalometric data are presented from a retrospective clinical study and is used to evaluate the treatment effects produced by cervical traction and the FR-2 appliance of Fränkel in comparison with an untreated sample of mixed dentition Class II patients. The results of this study indicated that although both skeletal and dentoalveolar components of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion were altered in the Class I direction by either a facebow or a Fränkel appliance, these two appliance systems accomplished the correction in dramatically differing ways. Cervical traction affected the skeletal and dentoalveolar components of the maxilla and mandible, whereas the FR-2 appliance had less of an effect on maxillary and dentoalveolar components and a greater effect on mandibular length. Thus, these two treatment modalities produce decidedly different treatment effects in patients with Class II malocclusions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Cranial-base morphology in children with class III malocclusion.

The association between cranial-base morphology and Class III malocclusion is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphologic characteristics of the cranial base in children with Class III malocclusion. Lateral cephalograms from 100 children with Class III malocclusion were compared with those from 100 subjects with normal occlusion. Ten landmarks on the cranial base were identified and digitized. Cephalometric assessment using seven angular and 18 linear measurements was performed by univariate and multivariate analyses. The results revealed that the greatest between-group differences occurred in the posterior cranial-base region. It was concluded that shortening and angular bending of the cranial base, and a diminished angle between the cranial base and mandibular ramus, may lead to Class III malocclusion associated with Class III facial morphology. The association between cranial-base morphology and other types of malocclusion needs clarification. Further study of regional changes in the cranial base, with geometric morphometric analysis, is warranted.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of tooth-size discrepancy among different malocclusion groups.

This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of tooth-size discrepancy as a factor of skeletal malocclusion in the orthodontic patient population of the Campania region. The study employed the pretreatment models of 94 patients. The mesiodistal diameters of teeth were measured by digital electronic calipers (accurate to 0.01 mm) and Bolton's indices were calculated. The sample was grouped into three malocclusion groups based on the values of Steiner cephalometric analysis. Multiple regression analysis data indicated a significant linear relationship (r2 = 0.99, P = 0.0000) for Bolton's posterior, anterior and total indices. The discriminant multivariate analysis, based on stepwise Wilke's lambda, revealed five variables capable of classifying 88.6% of the sample in the four malocclusion groups. As no relationship between the four groups identified by the discriminant analysis and the types of skeletal malocclusions exists, it was unequivocally concluded that there is no evidence of any predisposition for a tooth-size discrepancy in any of the malocclusion groups.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1999

Cephalometric morphology of Chinese with Class II division 1 malocclusion.

AIM: To investigate the craniofacial pattern of southern Chinese children with Class II Division 1 malocclusion and to compare with Chinese population norms and Caucasians with Class II Division 1 malocclusions. MATERIALS: Lateral cephalograms obtained from 105 Chinese subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. RESULTS: There were no significant sex differences and subsequently the data were pooled. Except for the maxillary plane angle and the angle of the lower incisor relative to the mandibular plane, all of the selected dental-skeletal angular measurements showed significant differences between Chinese with Class II Division 1 malocclusion and Chinese norms. CONCLUSION: Compared with Caucasians, Chinese with Class II Division 1 malocclusion have more prognathic maxillas, less retrusive mandibles, flatter chins, steeper mandibular plane angles and more proclined maxillary incisors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment.

Vertical malocclusions develop as a result of the interaction of many different etiological factors; one of the most important of these factors is mandibular growth. Variations in growth intensity, function of the soft tissues and the jaw musculature as well as the individual dentoalveolar development further influence the evolution of these malocclusions. This article reviews the most common etiological factors and their possible contribution to the development of vertical malocclusions with special emphasis on the role of mandibular growth in the development of open bite and deep bite. The role of the cephalometric morphological analysis in the differential diagnosis of vertical malocclusion is emphasized. Aspects of orthodontic treatment of vertical malocclusions are illustrated with individual cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Class II Division 2 malocclusion: a heritable pattern of small teeth in well-developed jaws.

Angle's designation of the Class II Division 2 (II/2) malocclusion recognizes a unique combination of overbite, incisor retroclination, and sagittal discrepancy. A very severe II/2 phenotype, characterized by concealment of the mandibular incisors in occlusion, has been called Deckbiss in German, or cover-bite. In this report, the cover-bite malocclusion is studied to identify morphological factors associated with Angle's II/2 occlusal discrepancy. Selected X-ray cephalometric and odontometric measurements were recorded for 23 subjects (M14; F9) with II/2 cover-bite malocclusion. Data were compared with those from a control-reference sample of 537 individuals. Cephalometrically, the II/2 cover-bite sample showed a pattern of strong vertical posterior development of the mandible with forward-rotation and skeletofacial hypodivergence (p < 0.0001). Anteroposteriorly, the maxillomandibular dentoalveolar relationship was relatively normal, and the basal bone region of the mandibular corpus appeared significantly well developed anteriorly, accounting for excessive bony chin projection (p < 0.0001). Dentally, mesiodistal tooth diameters for the maxillary and mandibular incisors of the II/2 cover-bite sample were significantly smaller than those of the reference sample (p < 0.002), pointing to systematically reduced tooth-size as a trait associated with II/2 malocclusion. These findings of a characteristic pattern of heritable skeletal and tooth-size features in II/2 cover-bite malocclusion indicate the presence of strong genetic influences in the formation of Angle's II/2 deep-bite discrepancy.

Adolescent↗