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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Disorders of the intestinal mesenteric lymphatic system.

Disorders of the intestinal lymphatic transport system are rare and typically associated with protein losing enteropathy (PLE). Hypoproteinemia caused by intestinal lymphangiectasia is often associated with lymphedema of the legs and occasionally with chyluria, chylometrorrhea and chylous ascites. This article examines the varied presentations of lymphangiectasia syndromes including its pathophysiology. Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms, specific laboratory findings, and confirmed by contrast small bowel series, lymphography and best of all laparoscopy. We describe 12 patients with PLE secondary to primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (1980-1991). Treatment was non-operative (dietary) in 8 patients and surgical in 4 including segmental resections of the jejunum in two, lymphatic-mesenteric venous anastomosis in one, and peritoneal-venous (LeVeen) shunt in one with overall satisfactory results.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

In vivo observation of the lymphatic system in the rat stomach.

The anatomy of the lymphatic system in the rat stomach was studied by means of fluorescent in vivo microscopy. A fluorescein-albumin conjugate was injected via a micropipette into the mucosa, submucosa, or muscularis externa. The movement of the conjugate was visualized using a closed-circuit television system. When injected into the base of the mucosa, the conjugate was seen to flow from the deposited pool. These fluorescent streams, 21-53 micron in diameter, formed a network in the base of the mucosa and superficial submucosa. They were in close approximation to, but separate from, the arterioles and venules. These fluorescent channels are probably lymphatic microvessels, as they were connected to larger lymphatic vessels running parallel to the large arterioles and venules in the deep submucosa. These larger lymphatic vessels passed through the muscularis externa and drained into extragastric lymphatic vessels on the lesser or greater curvature. There was no network of lymphatic microvessels in the deep submucosa or muscularis externa. The extragastric lymphatic vessels, 50-340 micron in diameter, had valves and displayed spontaneous contractions, moving the conjugate toward the lymph nodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The role of the lymphatic system in coronary atherosclerosis.

Arguments are presented to support the hypothesis that the integrity of the coronary lymphatic system is an important factor in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. It is proposed that the lymphatic drainage of the epicardial coronary arteries is genetically inadequate, and that the flow of lymph from the heart is further impaired by gravitational factors due to man's upright position. Arguments are presented to support the concept that the intramural coronary arteries are protected from atherosclerosis because of a highly effective pericoronary lymphatic and venous capillary system and that the internal thoracic (internal mammary) artery is similarly protected from atherosclerosis because of its close relationship to an extensive lymphatic chain. It is proposed that the failure of the cardiac lymphatic system in the allogenic transplanted heart is a cause of the accelerated atherosclerosis in both epicardial and intramural coronary arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal lymphatic system abnormalities by ultrasound.

Antenatal ultrasound diagnoses of gross lymphatic system abnormalities were made in three fetuses. Although the diagnosis was made in only 1 fetus at a stage early enough in pregnancy to allow selective termination, knowledge of the abnormality in the remaining 2 fetuses proved to be valuable for subsequent management of those pregnancies. It is stressed that the extent of the abnormality must be carefully assessed because of the possibility of corrective surgery should the lesion be small and that the parents must be given detailed counseling before any definitive measures are taken.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1988

The distribution and structure of the lymphatic system in dog atrioventricular valves.

A morphological study of the lymphatic system in atrioventricular (AV) valves of adult dogs and puppies was carried out using a series of techniques including India ink injection, a hydrogen peroxide technique, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Lymphatic capillaries were found in all cusps of the AV valves, and were shown to extend delicate networks in the subendocardium of the atrial side of the valves. The extent of their development varied among cusps, being most prominent in the anterior cusp of the mitral valve. Marked differences were noted in the intravalvar distribution between lymphatic capillaries and blood microvessels. The ultrastructures of the lymphatic capillaries in the AV valves were also demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Participation of the lymphatic system in cerebrospinal fluid drainage in intracranial hypertension (experimental research)].

Two series of experiments were conducted on 17 mongrel dogs to investigate the participation of the lymphatic system of the head neck in drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): in increase of intracranial pressure (ICP) to 500 mm water column in the first series, and in ICP of 1,000 mm water column in the second series. 131I-labelled albumin was used as the indicator, which was added to the artificial CSF to increase the ICP. It was established that the lymphatic system of the head and neck takes part in CSF resorption which is most manifest in higher levels of intracranial hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anasatomoses between the superficial and deep lymphatic systems in the lower limb].

The author presents a study of the lymphatic system in which he shows the existence of perforating and anastomosing lymphatic vessels in the lower limb, derived from an analysis of 183 cases. He demonstrates the presence of communicating lymphatic vessels and describes six possible variants of the perforating systems, of which four take origin from the superficial system and two from the deep system. The commonest are the superficial perforating lymphatics deriving from the internal saphenous system to rejoin the deep posterior tibial system, these two variants being found in 9.3% of cases. He also describes three systems of communicating vessels, two superficial and one deep. In all, the perforating system is present in 22 cases (12%) and the communicating system in 4 cases (2%).

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Behavior of the local lymphatic system after aorta-iliaco-femoro-popliteal reconstruction].

As a result of the observation of oedemas of the lower extremities and lymphorrhoea in the immediate postoperative course of surgical reconstruction of the aorto-iliaco-femoro-popliteal arterial axis (and on the basis of similar cases in the literature), the participation of the lower extremity return circulation in this facet of vascular surgery has been documented. The venous system was never impaired whereas the local lymphatic system was always damaged by surgical aggression on the arterial vessels. However, the extensive anatomical lesions shown up by lymphography are not reflected in evident clinical signs; whenever oedema or lymphorrhoea of the surgical wounds are observed, these symptoms are always of slight importance and easily and quickly resolved. At long-term follow-up, no clinical evidence of impairment ot the venous and lymphatic venous return circulation was ever encountered. For prophylactic purposes the lymphatic structure encountered during the operation should be carefully ligated to counteract another dangerous complication: infection.

Aorta↗
PubMed2004

The lymphatic system of the major head and neck glands in rats.

Many studies concerning therapy and also investigations on lymphogenic metastatic spread of head and neck malignancies require animal models. This article completes the existing findings with regard to the lymphatic system of the head and neck region of the rat. Investigations (light microscopy, immuno-histochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, lympho-graphy) on architecture, distribution and density of the intraglandular lymphatic flow of the major head and neck glands (infraorbital lacrimal gland, extraorbital lacrimal gland, Harderian gland, parotid gland, major sublingual gland, mandibular gland and thyroid gland) in rats were performed. Architecture of the seven major head and neck glands in rats do not differ from other regions of the upper aerodigestive tract. While the Harderian gland shows the highest density of lymphatics, within the major sublingual gland only scare lymph vessels could be identified. Distribution and density of initial lymphatics influence directly the transmission of inflammatory and malignant diseases. The presented results are the morphologically and anatomically basis to initiate further investigations in the rat animal model emphasizing special questions concerning the lymphatic system of the major head and neck glands e.g. lymphatic drainage and new treatment concepts in cases of lymphogenic metastatic spread.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Attempt at treating multiple sclerosis by means of ultrasound stimulation of the lymphatic system].

The authors tried to apply ultrasound stimulation of the lymphatic system in patients with multiple sclerosis. This trial was undertaken in view of reports of German authors on favourable results of this therapeutic method. The treated group included 24 patients aged 20--54 years with steady or slowly progressive course of this disease in whom spastic paraparesis predominated in the clinical picture. Before starting and after the completion of this treatment each patient was examined and graded according to a 65-point scoring system taking into account the most important clinical parameters. After 4--6 months in 15 patients the course of treatment was repeated. One course of treatment included 24 procedures performed once daily. The procedure and technical data are described. The results obtained were as follows: 80% of patients reported subjective improvement, the objective status was improved by a mean value of 19% after the first course of treatment and 5% after the second treatment in relation to the initial state. Apart from some somnolence in the initial period of the course, no other side effects were observed. This report is regarded by the authors as a preliminary communication since for a better evaluation of this method the courses of treatment should be repeated several times and in a greater number of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The early development of the lymphatic system in mouse embryos.

The early development of the lymphatic system was studied in embryos of an inbred strain of the laboratory mouse. During the first stage of its development the system is represented by a more or less regular series of small and blind-ending outgrowths of the major embryonic veins which develop in a cranio-caudalward direction from the jugular to the pelvic region. As a result of differences in growth rates of adjacent anatomical structures this series of early lymphatic primordia becomes subdivided into 4 singular primordia and 12 groups of primordia. After the constituents of each group of early primordia have fused, 16 isolated lymphatic plexuses (sacs) are formed of which 14 are in bilaterally symmetric and 2 are in a median line position: i.e. bilaterally: (1) the jugulo-axillary lymph sac situated lateral to the anterior cardinal vein and dorsal to the primitive ulnar vein and its major branch, the external mammary vein, (2) the paratracheal lymph plexus situated medial to the anterior cardinal vein, (3) the internal thoracic lymph plexus situated lateral to the thoracic part of the posterior cardinal vein, (4) the thoracic ducts situated medial to the thoracic part of the posterior cardinal vein, (5) the lumbar lymph plexus situated dorso-lateral to the abdominal part of the posterior cardinal vein, (6) the subcardinal lymph plexus and (7) the iliac lymph plexus situated ventro-lateral to the abdominal part of the posterior cardinal vein; and in the median line: (8) the subtracheal lymph plexus situated at the confluence of the pulmonary veins and (9) the mesenteric lymph plexus situated near the confluence of the splenic and the superior mesenteric veins. Except for some openings at the jugulo-subclavian confluence all connections with the veins disappear. From the primordia extensions grow out centrifugally. They invade the surrounding tissues and, in part, fuse with similar sprouts of adjacent primordia. In this way a continuous system of lymph truncs is formed that opens into the venous system at the jugulo-subclavian confluence.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Pearls and pitfalls of radionuclide imaging of the lymphatic system. Part 2: evaluation of extremity lymphoedema.

This is the second of two pictorial essays on radionuclide imaging of the lymphatic system and will focus on evaluation of extremity lymphoedema using lymphoscintigraphy. Lymphoedema results from anatomical or functional obstruction of the lymphatic system. Lymphoscintigraphy is the imaging modality of choice for assessing lymphoedema. The technique plays a pivotal role in determining the aetiology of extremity swelling and helps guide treatment. The diagnostic utility of radionuclide imaging in lymphoedema depends upon careful technical performance and accurate image interpretation. We present a pictorial review emphasising the technical and interpretative pearls and pitfalls of radionuclide evaluation of lymphoedema.

Ankle↗
PubMed2004

Visualizing function in the tumor-associated lymphatic system.

The recent surge of interest in the lymphatic system can be attributed to two factors: the discovery of cytokines that induce the growth of new lymphatic capillaries and the identification of lymphatic endothelial-specific markers. In contrast to the above, there is a paucity of techniques for studying lymphatic function in vivo. This article reviews imaging and other techniques that allow the assessment of lymphatic function, particularly in the tumor microenvironment, and proposes novel solutions for probing the same in vivo.

Animals↗