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The clinical signs of lymphadenitis in camels in Libya were investigated. Four animals 6 to 8 years old were inappetent, emaciated and slightly anemic. The disease was characterized by swelling and abscess formation in the inferior cervical lymph nodes at the base of the neck. Corynebacterium pyogenes was the causative microorganism of this diseased condition.
Between 1981 and 1985, 1124 patients with histopathologically confirmed malignant disease were registered at the sole oncology clinic of Libya, 664 (59%) were males and 460 (41%) were females. Overall, malignant lymphoma (ML) was the most common cancer (180/1124, 16%), with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) being more common (57.2%) than Hodgkin's disease (HD) (42.8%). Considered separately, lung cancer was the most common tumour (22.4%) in males with a male to female ratio among the highest in the world (18.6:1), 85% of our male patients were smokers and more than 50% had been smoking heavily for 20 years or more. Breast cancer was the most frequent tumour (29.8%) of females and the majority of our patients were of a younger age group (72.3% below 50 years). Almost all our patients were multiparous and had breast-fed their babies. Cancer of the cervix uteri was less frequent (4.5%) than ovarian cancer (7.8%). The incidence of colorectal cancer was higher (4.6%) than other African countries. Contrarily the primary tumours of liver (1.9%) and bladder (0.5%) were less frequent. Among the children, aged less than 10 years, the common solid tumours of childhood occurred in the following frequency, ML 31.2%, nervous system 19.2%, Wilm's tumour 16.8% and bone tumours 9.6%.
Study was conducted in 9 localities of Tauorga town, which is situated North-West of Libya, with the objective of finding out the present trend of Schistosomiasis mansoni in general population and to plan suitable strategies for its prevention. 1544 people were selected by two stage cluster random sampling and the data was gathered by direct interview from the family members during home visit. Stool samples were collected and examined for Schistosoma mansoni eggs. The study revealed that the overall prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni was 20.85%, which was varied between 1.78% and 55.58% in different localities. Significantly higher prevalence was observed in school age group (28.61%), in males (25.28%) and in localities situated within the area of 2 Km from the spring (55.58%).
One hundred fifty-one cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases were recorded during the period from October 1991 to September 1992 from Al-Badarna in Jabal Nafusa, an endemic area of CL in Libya. The infection was clinically suspected and confirmed by the demonstration of Leishmania on smears from lesion biopsies. The age distribution of cases showed that the age group 1-10 yrs was the most affected, indicating that the endemic status of CL in Al-Badarna is not a new occurrence.
OBJECTIVE: Assessment of gall bladder cancer among cholecystectomy specimens. DESIGN: Retrospective study of all cholecystectomy specimens coupled with data from clinical oncology department. SETTING: Department of Pathology and Department of Clinical Oncology, Al Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya. SUBJECT: Gall bladder cancer among cholecystectomies and the pattern of survival of these patients. MATERIAL: Histopathology records available on all cholecystectomies performed between 1982 and 1997. Data available on staging and survival of cancer patients from clinical oncology upto 1996. RESULTS: Eighty nine cases of gall bladder cancer were found out of 7352 cholecystectomies performed over a period of 16 years. It was found more commonly in females with a mean age of 58.1 years. It was also observed that the incidence in males above 60 years was almost equal to that of females. Gall bladder cancer when primarily detected by the pathologist in cholecystectomy specimens removed for symptomatic cholelithiasis, was mostly in stage I. Most of the patients in stage III-IV cancer died within one year whereas most of the stage I cancer patients survived more than two years. CONCLUSION: Simple cholecystectomy is strongly advised in women above 50 years of age and in men above 60 years of age with symptomatic cholelithiasis.
A series of 50 patients with hepatic hydatid disease all treated at the Central Hospital, Tripoli, Libya is presented to show the advantage of ultrasonography in pre-operative diagnosis and the advantages of complete resection or omentoplasty compared with removal of the endocyst and drainage.
The introduction in 1988 of the New World screwworm into Libya presented a serious threat to the livestock and wildlife sectors o f the African continent and the Mediterranean region. In this article, Moisés Vargas-Terán, Brian S. Hursey and Edward P. Cunningham describe the action taken to determine the extent of the problem, to prevent the spread of the infestation and to eradicate the fly from the region using the sterile insect technique.
AIMS: The aim of the study was to type 52 Aeromonas spp. isolates from chicken carcasses, children with diarrhoea and a hospital environment in Libya, and to determine the distribution of putative virulence genes amongst them. METHODS AND RESULTS: Macrorestriction analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA and aroA genes were used to type the isolates. Whereas 30 of 32 chicken isolates were identified as Aeromonas veronii, eight of 12 environmental isolates were Aer. caviae. Three species were identified amongst the eight isolates from children. Aeromonas veronii and Aer. caviae isolates could be divided into eight and five PFGE types, respectively. All species could be further subtyped into one of 21 aroA PCR-RFLP groups. Aerolysin-like haemolysin or enterotoxin gene sequences were detected in all the isolates. Overall carriage rates for hlyA and alt were 77 and 75%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Seven of eight isolates from children were of different subtypes, indicating a lack of any common source of acquisition. Isolates of common molecular type did not share identical distributions of putative virulence genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using molecular typing to identify and study genetic variation amongst Aeromonas isolates.
During the screwworm eradication programme in Libya in 1991, trapped specimens of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were found infested with phoretic mites, Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli), or parasitic mites, Trichotromidium muscarum (Riley). The possible sources of infestation and potential effects of mites on screwworm flies are discussed.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture gave a positive result in 42 of 64 male adults with purulent urethral discharge. The majority of the infections were acquired outside Libya. Twenty-seven strains (64.3%) were non-penicillinase producing (NPPNG) and 15 (35.7%) were penicillinase producing (PPNG) by starch paper technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains to 5 antibiotics was carried out by agar-plate dilution technique. Twenty-three NPPNG strains (54.8%) were susceptible to penicillin with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. In 4 strains (9.5%), a high resistance to penicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) appeared to be chromosomally-mediated (CMRNG). All PPNG strains were resistant to penicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml). While resistance to erythromycin (MIC greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml) and tetracycline (MIC greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml) was observed in 5 strains, resistance to kanamycin (MIC 32 micrograms/ml) and spectinomycin (MIC 64 micrograms/ml) was present in only one strain. Whereas no significant differences were recorded in MICs of erythromycin, tetracycline, kanamycin and spectinomycin between NPPNG and PPNG strains, one PPNG strain was found to be resistant in vitro to all 5 antibiotics.
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The first definitive hominoid from the Libyan Mio-Pliocene site of Sahabi is described. The specimen is a left clavicle, lacking a portion of the acromial end. In superior view it shows a marked sternal curvature, similar to homonids, but it also shows a curvature in the coronal plane, similar to the pongid condition. Muscle attachments for sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major and the anterior portion of deltoid are preserved. The robust attachment for the latter suggests relative hypertrophy of this muscle. These considerations and certain morphological similarities to hominids do not suggest a functional reconstruction of locomotor behavior similar to Miocene dryopithecines. Nevertheless, more complete functional and taxonomic discussions must await further work at Sahabi.
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Sera of 967 camels of both sexes were tested for antibodies to Brucella using the Rose Bengal plate test, serum agglutination test and the complement fixation test. The prevalence of positive sera was 4.1 per cent. Samples collected for cultural examination revealed 9 isolates. Five isolates were from milk samples, 3 from aborted foetuses and one from a vaginal swab. All isolates were identified and biotyped as Brucella melitensis biovar 1.