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PubMed1992

[The progress of National Leprosarium].

Leprosy Prevention Law was proclaimed in 1907 in Japan. According to the regulation, Leprosy Control Policy has got under way by the Government. In 1909, five leprosaria were established in the leprosy endemic areas by local government to admit vagrant leprosy patients who were estimated as one thousand and two hundred. The vagabonds had many troubles, especially, they often escaped from leprosaria. Dr. Kensuke Mitsuda who was one of the directors of leprosaria suggested the Government to establish the National Leprosarium in small island to admit them. In 1930, the Government had Ten-year Program to eradicate leprosy and decided to set up ten thousand beds in existing leprosaria and newly-established National Leprosarium. The plan has been almost completed by the construction of five National Leprosaria by 1940. The number of in-patients was 9,125, including 4,389 in five national institutions. In 1941, five local leprosaria were transferred their superintendence to the Central Government, after then, in 1943 and 1944, two National Leprosaria were established. The total number of National Leprosarium in Japan came to thirteen in 1945.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1992

[Biwasaki Leprosarium--a century of dedication].

Biwasaki Leprosarium, or Biwasaki Tairo Hospital, was established by Father Jean Marie Corre, a French Priest, in 1898. He was born in Brittany France, 1850. After being ordained to the priesthood, he came to Nagasaki, Kyushu, in 1876. He was just twenty six years old. He was greatly moved at the sight of the Hansenites and other sick people around the Honmyoji Temple in Kumamoto, Kyushu, which is one of the well-known temples in Japan. They were making a bare living by the charitable contributions of the pilgrims who visited the Temple, in those days. Fr. Corre moved from Nagasaki to Kumamoto. First, he built a church in Tetori, Kumamoto, and rented a house near the Honmyoji and began to look after the needs of the Hansenites. In 1896, he bought a large lot at Biwasaki in the Shimasaki area, Kumamoto, where is not far from Honmyoji. He remodeled some houses into the so-called sanatorium and started to accommodate those suffering from Hansen's disease. At the outset, he had the cooperation of nuns and church workers to look after the patients' needs. Furthermore, Fr. Corre appealed to Rome for the help and/or support in 1898 in order to expand this kind of project, and five nuns were dispatched in the following year from the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary in Rome. And since then the sisters have devoted themselves assiduously and faithfully to help the Hansenites as far as possible and they are still doing this. However, in 1963, a fire broke out from one of toilets and made a clear sweep of the whole building.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Christianity↗
PubMed1992

[Minobu Jinkyo-En under the influence of Nichiren Sect].

Minobu Jinkyo Hospital was established in 1906 by Ryumyo Tsunawaki, who is a Bonze of Nichiren Sect in Minobu Jinkyo-En Leprosy Foundation, in order to extend a hand of assistance to the Hansenites. The characteristic of this hospital was to reduce the tenets of Nichiren to practice with the fervour of Buddhist. In the heart of people, either volunteer staffs or Hansenites, flocked here from various quarters, was fostered the spirit of self-restraint and/or -government under the influence of the Buddhist Sutra. The daily life of Hansenites in Jinkyo Hospital has veered round according as it is said that man is a creature of circumstances. Things are not what they used to be. And, Jinkyo-En which was a desolate waste has come to an oasis in life for the Hansenites. A small and decreasing number of inpatients are found annually and rehabilitation of cured patients back into society has been made possible, now. High aim of Bonze Tsunawaki was to establish rightful place for Hansenites, and it was fulfilled. Minobu Jinkyo Hospital was closed in 1992.

Buddhism↗
PubMed1992

[Survey of the antibody to HCV in National Leprosarium Suruga].

Blood specimens from 210 leprosy patients (average age 67.4 years old) and 84 staff members (average age 43.5 years old) in National Leprosarium Suruga were tested for anti-HCV antibody using Ortho's Ab ELISA system. Among the patients, 17 patients had chronic hepatic dysfunction as well as leprosy. Twenty of the 210 patients (9.5%) had anti-HCV antibody in their blood. Eleven of the 17 patients (65%) with chronic hepatic dysfunction were positive for anti-HCV antibody. Only one of the staff member was anti-HCV antibody positive. This high positive ratio of anti-HCV antibody in the leprosy patients is similar to the results of another research reported from National Leprosarium Oku Komyo-En. We, therefore, conclude that the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody in leprosy patients is higher than that of the general population and that anti-HCV antibody is related closely to chronic hepatic dysfunction. Some investigators have recently reported that there was an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in leprosy patients. And so, it is speculated that this is due to the high prevalence of the hepatitis C virus. However, the reason for this high prevalence of anti-HCV antibody in the sample is obscure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Patients with calcinosis cutis in National Leprosarium Matsuoka Hoyo-En].

As of the year 1991 there were 358 leprosy patients in National Leprosarium Matsuoka Hoyo-En, including 223 patients (62.3%) who had received the injections of chaulmoogra oil before. Calcinosis cutis caused probably from the injections was noted on 73 patients (32.7%): 67 lepromatous and 6 tuberculosis cases. It has never been reported before that the T type patient suffering from calcinosis cutis was observed in the cases of the chaulmoogra oil injection in Japan. The detectable positions of calcinosis cutis were mostly at the injected sites, that is, outside the right brachium followed by bilateral-branchia and crura. In the group of patients with calcinosis cutis, the anti-PGL antibody was negative for the most part. Urinalyses, peripheral blood figure analyses, histopathological tissue examinations of calcium deposition, X-ray diffraction patterns, differential thermal and gravitational analyses, and chemical analyses were performed on all patients with this disease. Further, as the result of this study six patients with calcinosis cutis caused by sulpyrine was also found. The major component of the deposit by the drug was calcium phosphate. These calcinosis cutis were considered to be of trophopathic calcinosis based on the disorder of subcutaneous tissue due to the injections of respective drugs: chaulmoogra oil and sulpyrine.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1993

[Changes and present status of a Japanese National Leprosarium--analysis of smear positive rate and relapse in Hoshizuka-Keiaien between 1972-1991].

Change of clinical features of leprosy in a Japanese National Leprosarium Hoshizuka-Keiaien during 20 years (1972-91) was studied by analyzing clinical records. (1) Skin slit smear positive rate among lepromatous and borderline cases once increased from 16.3% (1972) to 28.8% (1981) and then declined to 3% (1991). (2) Relapse was 4.25 cases per annum among 817 patients (0.52% per annum). Relapse of lepromatous leprosy (0.42% per annum) is decreasing, and borderline or neuritic relapse (0.12% per annum) of previously lepromatous cases is the major feature in recent years. (3) In lepromatous relapse cases, it took 3.5 years in average to become smear negative again, but this duration is shortening in recently relapsed cases. (4) Number of erythema nodosum leprosum is remarkably decreased, but iridocyclitis is still observed. (5) 85% of inpatients in 1991 are classified as clinical cure (Japanese criteria 1989). By the advance of chemotherapy and aging of the inpatients (average age: 68 years), geriatric diseases, instead of leprosy, are becoming major problems in Japanese National Leprosaria.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Supplements to a history of Hansen's disease in Kumamoto].

Hansenites in Kumamoto could be traced to 1871, when a number of patients were found lining the road to Honmyoji temple. Earlier records have not been found. After the establishment of two private hospitals, first by an English missionary and then by a French Catholic, a public hospital, Kyushu Leprosarium, was started in 1909. In spite of the segregation policy for the management of HD patients, they lived near the Honmyoji temple until the arrest of 157 patients on July 9, 1940. Why they lived there for a long period of time is discussed in this paper. Factors might include the absence of prejudice around the Honmyoji temple where patients and healthy people lived together, economically favorable situations of patients living there, and bitterness of life in the Kyushu Leprosarium. The abolishment of the settlements as well as that of Kaishun Hospital for HD patients, run by an English missionary, might be in preparation for the coming war, but details have not been known.

History, 19th Century↗