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PubMed1962

The aerogenic response of Escherichia coli and strains of Aerobacter in EC broth and selected sugar broths at elevated temperatures.

Gas formation by 116 strains of Escherichia coli and 104 strains of Aerobacter was determined in a specially constructed and accurately controlled water bath employing EC, lactose, maltose, sucrose, glucose, levulose, and galactose broths at temperatures ranging from 44.5 to 46.5 C. Greatest gas activity occurred in EC broth. In the range 44.9 to 45.5 C over 92% of the E. coli cultures formed gas, but the Aerobacter strains dropped from 68 to 2%. A natural point of separation of the two groups occurred at 45.5 C. Inhibition of the gas-forming mechanism rather than death is the universal response of the Escherichia organisms to these temperatures. The inhibition increases with rising temperatures and is readily reversible. At 46.5 C, 64.5% of all the Escherichia cultures were inhibited and 69.1% of all the cultures were actually viable. In EC broth it was found that as a group atypical E. coli (-+--) were the most resistant gas-positive types. Least resistant in EC broth was a group of known typical fecal isolates of E. coli (++--). Of intermediate resistance between the two groups was the large body of typical E. coli (++--) organisms. Certain individual strains of E. coli excelled in the production of gas in the variety of sugar broths tested at elevated temperatures. The Aerobacter strains did not exhibit this property. Finally it is suggested that elevated temperature incubation studies of this type be conducted in critically controlled water baths with an ascertained accuracy in the vicinity of 45.5 +/- 0.1 C under full load.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1969

Correlations between virulence and other characters of Clostridium perfringens type A.

The correlation analysis which has already proved its value in ecology has not yet been applied to the determination of virulence indicators. Its application to a group of Clostridium perfringens type A strains has brought out some characters that may be considered as virulence indicators. This study suggests that the toxicity of the culture supernatant fluids for mice is significantly correlated with the virulence for mice and guinea pigs. A significant correlation was found between the virulence of the fluid cultures for mice or guinea pigs and the coagulation of milk, production of gas (in deep agar), hydrogen sulfide production, and fermentation of glucose, sucrose, maltose, and levulose.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Actinobacillus actinomycetem-comitans: fermentative capabilities of 140 strains.

Fermentative capabilities of 140 strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetem-comitans were studied. Findings correspond closely with those reported previously by Heinrich and Pulverer (12 strains), and by King and Tatum (33 strains). All strains ferment glucose, levulose, and maltose and reduce nitrate to nitrite. Reactions with glycogen and starch are exceedingly diverse. Eight different biotypes have been identified on the basis of their reactions with galactose, mannitol, and xylose.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1984

[Dosimetric application of lyoluminescence using some saccharides].

A measurement system for lyoluminescence has been constructed using a photon-counting apparatus equipped with a highly sensitive photomultiplier and a microcomputer for a data acquisition and processing. For the lyoluminescent dosimetry, seven saccharide samples, including five monosaccharides (glucose, mannose, galactose, levulose and ribose) and two disaccharides (sucrose and trehalose), were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. Effects on lyoluminescence were examined of the amounts of the sample, concentration of luminol phosphor in an aqueous solution, elapsed time after mixing the samples in the solution, variations of absorbed doses, annealing treatments and different radiation fields. The results revealed that relatively small amounts of sample, say 3 mg, is sufficient for reproducible routine analyses by using 125 mg luminol/l for 10 s data accumulation, and that the lyoluminescent dosimetry is useful for the significantly high dose regions of 1Gy-10kGy (the use of galactose and trehalose can extend the dose-region to higher levels). The comparison of sensitivity for samples with the same dose (215 Gy) showed the great luminescent changes over one order of magnitude between the highest value for galactose and lowest one for ribose, although there is no substantial difference in the structure. No meaningful radiation-quality effect was observed for monosaccharides irradiated with gamma-rays, X-rays, and neutrons.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1976

[Controlled clinical trial of 2-mercapto-propionyl-glycine in chronic hepatopathies].

A controlled clinical trial comparing 2-Mercapto-Priopionyl-Glycine (2-MPG) plus B12 vitamin with B12 vitamin alone in chronic liver disease has been conducted in seven hospitals in Italy. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of liver histology; group I included 26 patients showing histological evidence for chronic persistent hepatitis (C.P.H.) (according to De Groote et al.) whereas group II consisted of 54 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (C.A.H.) or compensated liver cirrhosis. Patients of each group were randomly allocated to 2-MPG plus B12 vitamin, or to placebo plus B12 vitamin, in a double-blind way. The drug (or placebo) was diluted in 500 ml of 10% Levulose, and administered intravenously; 1000 gamma of B12 vitamin were added to each bottle. Patients in the 2-MPG group received 2.5 gms of the drug daily; the treatment lasted for 30 days. The following parameters were checked in all patients on admission, and repeated at the end of treatment: Serum bilirubin, serum Cholesterol, A.P., BSP retention, Prothrombin time, S-GOT, S-GPT, Gamma-GT, Total serum Protein, serum electrophoresis, Immunoglobulins. Patients given 2-MPG showed significant decreases of serum transaminases, and improvement of BSP retention.

Amino Acids, Sulfur↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of a gram-positive bacterium from the proventriculus of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus).

The cellular, cultural, and biochemical characteristics of eight isolates of a large gram-positive bacillus that are commonly observed as apparently normal flora in the proventriculus of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were determined. The bacterium was highly pleomorphic and changed markedly in both diameter and length when subcultured on agar media. The bacterium was facultative anaerobic and capnophilic, hemolytic on blood agar, and formed flat colonies with irregular edges after incubation for several days. All isolates grew on sodium azide agar but did not grow on MacConkey agar. The isolates were catalase-negative and oxidase-negative and did not reduce nitrate. All isolates failed to utilize arginine, lysine, ornithine or tryptophane but produced acid from glucose, galactose, levulose, maltose, melibiose, starch, and sucrose. All isolates produced acetoin from glucose and hydrolyzed esculin. The eight isolates could not be identified to either genus or species level based on the descriptions of currently classified organisms in the division Firmicutes as described in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Ambulatory combination therapy with cisplatin, bleomycin (DDP-BLM) in recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors of the head and neck].

16 patients with recurrent or metastatic carcinomas of the upper respiratory and digestive tract underwent a total of 55 courses of chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Bleomycin. The cytostatic treatment was performed under outpatient conditions. 0.75 mg./kg. Cisplatin was administered at intervals of 5-8 weeks. In addition, 15 mg. Bleomycin was administered weekly. Hydratation and diuresis were forced by 1000 ml. 0,9% NaCl solution and 1000 ml. levulose 5% with potassium substitution and 250 ml. mannitol 10% after an initial injection of 2 ml. Furosemid. The treatment was generally well tolerated. A nausea lasting 1-3 days was observed after Cisplatin application. Remission of tumours, stopping of tumour progression and a reduction of pain was achieved. The "performance status" was maintained. In 6 cases there was no effect.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1984

[Biochemical tests for identifying Pasteurella multocida].

Studied was the biochemical activity of a total of 168 strains of Pasteurella--73 isolated from birds (48 from cases of acute fowl cholera, and 25--of chronic cholera), and 95 isolated from mammals (3 from lambs, 24 from pigs, 36 from cattle, and 32 from rabbits) with regard to the tests determining the hemolytic activity, production of indol, reduction of nitrates, breakdown of urea, beta galactosidase activity, production of hydrogen sulfide, ornitin-, arginine-, lysine-decarboxylase-, and phosphatase activity, and the fermentation of substrates such as manite, glucose, galactose, saccharose, manose, levulose, dulcite, lactose, maltose, rafinose, trechalose, salicin, melobiose, icelobiose, arabinose, xylose, and sorbite. To differentiate Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from mamals from those isolated from birds the phosphatase activity test on solid media with sodium phenolphtalein diphosphate had to be employed Pasteurella organisms isolated from mammals showed positive phosphatase activity, while those isolated from birds exhibited a negative one. Arabinose and xylose fermentation tests could simultaneously be used. Pasteurellae isolated in cases of acute fowl cholera showed positive reaction for arabinose and a negative one for xylose, while the strains isolated from mammals showed the reverse activity. The strains isolated in cases of chronic fowl cholera were shown to belong to this group.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Hepatorenal lesions in acute acetone poisoning].

Lesions of the parenchymal organs, not described so far, were found in two males and two females with acute acetone intoxication, besides the well known morbid changes in the gastrointestinal tract and ZNS, regardless the energetic hepato--and nephroprotective treatment. In all patients (one of them inhaled acetone vapours and the rest swallowed the poison per os) liver lesion is present with the corresponding clinical manifestations and changes in the laboratory liver indices. In two of the per orally intoxicated, renal lesion was also found, manifested in a milder degree. The state of the parenchymal organs is necessary to be followed up carefully in case of acute acetone intoxications and a timely treatment with hepato- and nephroprotective drugs in large doses to be applied: glucocorticoids, glucose and levulose solutions, cocarboxylase, lipovitan, vitamin "C", "B1", "B2", "B12", calcium gluconate.

Acetone↗
PubMed1980

[Organoleptic properties of a new sweetening agent formulation based on aspartame and xylitol].

In orderto find a new sweetner, different products such as xylitol, aspartame, saccharin, lactose and sucrose are tested by a panel of trained subjects. To determine sweetness intensity, we use the multiple paired comparison technique: each judge tested 9 pairs of samples, in each pair one sample is a sucrose solution at a fixed concentration (20 g/l or 60 g/l) and the other solution is made with a sweetner at a variable concentration, but near the reference. The results are in accordance with the data in the literature. The taste quality is determined with solutions or powders. Experiments are performed with either 10 solutions to identify or 2 unknown powders at the same granulometry. In each case sucrose is compared to a sweetner. The statistical analysis shows that xylitol, levulose and the aspartame-xylitol mixture (25.10(-3) g; 1 g) is tasted identical with sucrose. Studies about stability of the mixture are carried out in sealed ampoules with products at pH between 3 and 7 and temperatures between +4 and +120 degrees C. The results show that the aspartame-xylitol mixture with sweetness intensity equal to 5.0 is a good synthetic sweetner to substitute sucrose.

Aspartame↗
PubMed1976

[Some biochemical studies of Listeria monocytogenes strains].

A total of 231 strains of Listeria organisms have been isolated during the last 14 years from adult sheep, lambs, fetuses, and ensilaged forage. Their differentiation have shown that 67 of them belong to the 1 st serotype, 77 -- to 4 c, and 26 have been determined as strains of the 5th serotype. The biochemical study on 170 of the strains have revealed that: more of them, belong to the 1 st, 4 c, and 5 th serotype break down dextrose, trehalose, levulose, salycin, esculin, ramnose, and glycerin. They do not produce hydrogen sulfide and indol, do not liquefy gelatin, and are negative for adonite and inulin. Not all prove catalase-Foges-Proskauer- and methylred--positive.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Carbohydrates synthesized by the spirulines].

Carbohydrates roughly constitute 15 p. 100 of the dry matter of Sirulina. They are extracted after complete delipidation, by successive exhaustions: first with ethanol of decreasing title, then with cold water slightly acidified by chlorhydric acid in order to drain out the calcium of the phytate; then by neutral boiling water; at last by alkaline or acidic warm solutions. After neutralization, suitable defecation and concentration, carbohydrates are either purified by a slow cristalization or hydrolyzed and analysed by usual techniques of chromatography on paper or on column of borated resins. Glucose, levulose, sucrose, glycerol and several polyols are so detected. They are in small amounts and of little nutritional interest. There is no trehalose. The carbohydrate storage products are mainly a glucosan and a rhamnosan, both containing glucosamine. There is about 2 p. 100 of the glucosan and 10 p. 100 of the rhamnosan, the composition of which are, in molar ratio: (see text). More or less phosphated cyclitols constitute, together with a small amount of glycogen, the rest of the metabolisable part. The cell-walls which could not be perfectly purified were degraded either by HC1 or by enzymes (pronase, neuraminidase). So have been found glucosamine and muramic acid, associated with peptides rich in glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid. These results joined to the presence, formerly signaled, of a rhamnosan, reveal a relationship between Spirulina and some Gram(+) bacteria. It is a fact that the celle-walls of Spirulina actually, though weakly, take the Gram coloration. To conclude, Spirulina presents some alimental interest.

Arabinose↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of various Haemophilus somnus strains.

Sixty-eight Haemophilus somnus strains isolated from the bovine in Canada and the U.S.A. were compared. In media enriched with 5% ovine serum, 5% bovine serum and 10% yeast extract, H. somnus fermented glucose, levulose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose, but failed to ferment arabinose, dulcitol, galactose, inositol, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin and sucrose. The organisms acidified litmus milk, produced cytochrome oxidase, indole and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and reduced nitrates to nitrites. The motility, methyl-red, acetylmethyl-carbinol urease catalase, citrate, malonate, lysine, ornithine and arginine tests were negative. Haemophilus somnus was resistant to lincomycin, neomycin and triple sulfa, but susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, penicillin and tetracycline. No antigenic differences were noted between strains when tested against rabbit antisera of eight strains using agglutination, complement-fixation, immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis tests. Low titre cross-reactions were found in the agglutination tests with some of the anti-H. somnus rabbit sera with Actinobacillus lignieresi and Moraxella bovis. No distinct antigenic similarities to nine other species of pathogenic bacteria of animal origin were found. No difference was observed between H. somnus isolates from Ontario and those from western Canada and the U.S.A.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1977

[Stability of streptokinase incubated in various solvents at different temperatures (author's transl)].

Streptokinase was dissolved in various solvents and the decay recorded. The method employed was a recently described clot lysis assay for quantitative streptokinase determination. The decrease in activity of 5 u streptokinase, 1500 u streptokinase, and 50,000 u steptokinase dissolved in one milliltre of different solvents (NaCl solution, glucose solution, laevulose solution, dextran solution (Rheomacrodex), gelatin solution (Haemaccel, starch solution (Plasmasteril,albumin solution, Michaelis buffer, heparin-glucose solution) and incubated over various periods of time (15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 4h, 8h, 12h, 48h) was investigated. Solution media tested for streptokinase-potecting quality were broken down into three groups.-Group I: Solvents displaying excellent stabilizing properties (gelatin, albumin).-Group II: Solvents displaying medium stabilizing properties (dextran, levulose)--Group III: Solvents displaying properties (starch, NaCl, glucose, Michaelis buffer).--In testing streptokinase concentrations as used for therapeutic purpose (1500 u/ml, 50,000 u/ml), no decay was found to take place over observation periods as long as 48 h. This finding was independent of the different solvents (Group I, II or III) employed. Heparin stored with streptokinase at rooom temperature did not alter the streptokinase stability. From the clinical point of view, the choice of solvents for streptokinase infusion turned out to be of minor importance.

Albumins↗
PubMed1978

[The behavior of free serum amino acids and their urinary excretion after major abdominal surgery].

32 patients with major abdominal surgery received parenteral nutrition with 360 g carbohydrate mixture (levulose: glucose: xylitol = 2:1:1)/24 hours and 1000 ml of a 10% L-amino acid mixture (potato-egg-pattern)/24 hours. Daily nitrogen balances were balanced or slightly negative. Daily we determined serum amino acid concentration; essential amino acid levels were normal. Of non-essential amino acid levels glutamine acid and aspartic acid were elevated. Amino acid loss in urine was 0.2 to 3%, only tryptophan and histidine were excreted in 6.6 and 7.0%.

Amino Acids↗