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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A comparison of clinical and diagnostic interview schedule diagnoses. Physician reexamination of lay-interviewed cases in the general population.

We examined the level of agreement between diagnoses derived from data gathered by lay interviewers using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) in a general population survey (the Epidemiologic Catchment Area project) and both DIS and clinical diagnoses made by psychiatrists. Overall percent agreement between the lay DIS and the psychiatrists clinical impression ranged from 79% to 96%. The chance-corrected concordance was .60 or better for eight of the 11 diagnoses. Specificities were all 90% or better. Sensitivities were lower, but lay results showed a bias for only two diagnoses: major depression was significantly underdiagnosed and obsessive illness was overdiagnosed. We compared the present results with those of previous studies from clinical settings. We explored possible reasons for disagreement and discussed the implications of the findings for psychiatric epidemiologic research.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Characteristics of the subject and interview influencing the test-retest reliability of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised.

This paper reviews some of the characteristics of the informants as well as some of the attributes of the DICA-R interview that could influence the test-retest reliability in a sample of 109 psychiatric outpatients aged 7-17 years. Different regression models using reliability coefficients constructed from the kappa statistic were obtained. Of those characteristics evaluated in the children, a high level of psychological impairment proved to be significant when it came to predicting the lowest test-retest reliability of the answers; none of the subject-related characteristics were significant in the adolescent patient model. The attributes of the questions that proved to be significant when explaining the lower reliability obtained for the individual question in the children's model were the length of the questions (longest questions), the content (internalising), the presence of time concepts, comparison with the peer group, and the need to exercise judgement; in the adolescents' model, the significant attributes were found to be the internalising content, the presence of time concepts, evaluation concerning the impairment caused by the disorder, and the need to exercise judgement. In the group of children our results are in accordance with the original paper. Similar results were found with adolescents. These findings have implications for the development and revision of new interview schedules.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

How does motivational interviewing work? Therapist interpersonal skill predicts client involvement within motivational interviewing sessions.

Although many studies have shown that motivational interviewing (MI) is effective in reducing problem behaviors, few have investigated purported causal mechanisms. Therapist interpersonal skills have been proposed as an influence on client involvement during MI sessions and as a necessary precursor to client commitment language. Using the Motivational Interviewing Skills Code (MISC; Version 1.0) rating system, the authors investigated 103 unique MI sessions for substance abuse and found that therapist interpersonal skills were positively associated with client involvement as defined by cooperation, disclosure and expression of affect. An unexpected finding indicated that behaviors inconsistent with MI enhanced the impact of therapist interpersonal skills upon client involvement. Drawbacks to the study include a potential sampling bias and uneven reliability of the variables measured.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2004

A comparison between audio computer-assisted self-interviews and clinician interviews for obtaining the sexual history.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare reporting between audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) and clinician-administered sexual histories. GOAL: The goal of this study was to explore the usefulness of ACASI in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. STUDY: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of ACASI followed by a clinician history (CH) among 609 patients (52% male, 59% white) in an urban, public STD clinic. We assessed completeness of data, item prevalence, and report concordance for sexual history and patient characteristic variables classified as socially neutral (n=5), sensitive (n=11), or rewarded (n=4). RESULTS: Women more often reported by ACASI than during CH same-sex behavior (19.6% vs. 11.5%), oral sex (67.3% vs. 50.0%), transactional sex (20.7% vs. 9.8%), and amphetamine use (4.9% vs. 0.7%) but were less likely to report STD symptoms (55.4% vs. 63.7%; all McNemar chi-squared P values <0.003). Men's reporting was similar between interviews, except for ever having had sex with another man (36.9% ACASI vs. 28.7% CH, P <0.001). Reporting agreement as measured by kappas and intraclass correlation coefficients was only moderate for socially sensitive and rewarded variables but was substantial or almost perfect for socially neutral variables. ACASI data tended to be more complete. ACASI was acceptable to 89% of participants. CONCLUSIONS: ACASI sexual histories may help to identify persons at risk for STDs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI): an interview schedule to elicit meanings and modes of reasoning related to illness experience.

This article summarizes the rationale, development and application of the McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI), a theoretically driven, semistructured, qualitative interview protocol designed to elicit illness narratives in health research. The MINI is sequentially structured with three main sections that obtain: (1) A basic temporal narrative of symptom and illness experience, organized in terms of the contiguity of events; (2) salient prototypes related to current health problems, based on previous experience of the interviewee, family members or friends, and mass media or other popular representations; and (3) any explanatory models, including labels, causal attributions, expectations for treatment, course and outcome. Supplementary sections of the MINI explore help seeking and pathways to care, treatment experience, adherence and impact of the illness on identity, self-perception and relationships with others. Narratives produced by the MINI can be used with a wide variety of interpretive strategies drawn from medical anthropology, sociology and discursive psychology.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed2004

An interview with the Chief Dental Officer. Interview by Kenneth A. Eaton.

Some months ago, I mentioned to Professor Raman Bedi, the Chief Dental Officer (CDO) for England, that Primary DENTAL CARE would be celebrating its tenth anniversary in October 2004. He kindly agreed to a special interview during which he would outline his vision for education, research and opportunities for career development in primary dental care in the future. The timing proved to be perfect as earlier on the day of the interview (16th July 2004), the Secretary of State for Health, John Reid, announced the Government's plans for NHS dentistry and NHS Dentistry: Delivering Change. Report from the Chief Dental Officer (England) 2004 was published.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Planning continuing nursing education: an interview with Ronald M. Cervero. Interview by Donna L Waddell.

This article reports an interview with Ronald M. Cervero, scholar in the field of continuing professional education and co-author with Arthur L. Wilson of Planning Responsibly for Adult Education: A Guide for Negotiating Power and Interests (1994). The substance of the interview elucidates the role of the manager of the continuing nursing educational experience. He discusses the concepts of negotiation, power, interests, and responsibility and how they impact the planning of continuing nursing education.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1994

QMHC interview: Stuart H. Altman, Ph.D.. Interview by Marie E. Sinioris.

An internationally recognized authority on health policy, Stuart H. Altman, Ph.D., is a key player in the debate on health care reform and the deliberations of the White House task force on health care policy. QMHC interviewed Dr. Altman to get an inside look at the status of the Administration's much awaited plan to overhaul the health care system. The interview covered a range of topics, including the elements of reform, the prospects for managed care, the implications of a standard benefits package, and the role of quality in the reform debate.

Focus Groups↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physician anger--Part 1. Changing perception: an interview with Charles E. Dwyer, PhD. Interview by Richard L. Reece.

On January 21, Richard Reece, MD, interviewed Charles E. Dwyer, PhD, to talk about solutions for changing the perceptions of today's beleaguered physicians. He discusses the state of affairs of physician executives in this turbulent industry and how they need to move beyond their thinking about organizations and their current responses to change. The key, Dwyer emphasizes, is influencing people to do what you want them to do. "If you want somebody to do something other than what they are doing now, then you must bring them to perceive that what you want them to do is better than what they are doing now in terms of what is important to them." He also explores how physicians can change their responses to the health care environment: "You can actually decide how you are going to respond conceptually, emotionally, and behaviorally to anything that happens in your life." Part 2 of this interview will appear in the upcoming May/June issue and will provide hands-on strategies for dealing with physician anger, fear, and resentment.

Anger↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Driving change: an interview with Ford Motor Company's Jacques Nasser. Interview by Suzy Wetlaufer.

What happens when the world is changing but your organization isn't? And what if that organization has 340,000 employees in 200 countries? In this interview, Jacques Nasser, the new CEO of Ford Motor Company, talks with HBR editor Suzy Wetlaufer about these challenges and explains how his company is overcoming them through a unique education program. Since its very beginnings, says Nasser, Ford has comprised dozens of far-flung divisions and units, each with its own "fiefdom" mind-set. The fiefdoms didn't share information, let alone great ideas. Such behavior stifled creativity and drove up costs. Today's global environment demands a new and different way of doing business, says Nasser, and to that end, Ford has launched a multifaceted teaching initiative that will reach every one of Ford's employees by year-end. The goal of the program: to help employees view the company in its entirety as shareholders do, and then act that way too. At the heart of the initiative is the teachable point of view, a five-part written explanation of what a person knows and believes about what it takes to succeed in business. It is more than just a document to be discussed and then filed. It has proven to be a powerful tool for organizational transformation, and not only at Ford. In a commentary accompanying Nasser's interview, Noel Tichy, leadership expert and consultant to Ford describes the building blocks of the teachable point of view and explores how it can be implemented in any organization determined to change for the better.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Creating the most frightening company on earth. An interview with Andy Law of St. Luke's. Interview by Diane L. Coutu.

Though only five years old, employee-owned St. Luke's Communications has become one of the most talked about advertising agencies in the United Kingdom, winning numerous awards--though it doesn't enter contests--and increasing its profits eightfold. Chairman and cofounder Andy Law attributes the firm's success to its determination to continuously reinvent itself in a world populated by dot-coms and mega-ad agencies. St Luke's intends to revolutionize the way business is done and provide a credible alternative to the capitalism of both the old economy and the new. To that end, it pushes its people to take enormous risks. As Law says in this candid interview, "We're fundamentally convinced that there is a connection between co-ownership, creativity, collaboration, and competitive advantage." In this interview, Law comments on topics ranging from dot-coms--he calls them old-fashioned--to the hazards of St. Luke's environment. "When I see ... paranoia," he says, "it's a sign there's been too much change." Along the way, he provides concrete examples of how St. Luke's fosters its brand of "confrontative, angry creativity" and manages an organization that is run "like a radical democracy." Safety and fear play key roles. No one has ever been fired for poor performance, so employees can feel secure about their jobs, but the firm requires people "to peel away all the levels of their personalities.... That's truly frightening." Self-knowledge, Law says, "is the DNA of a creative company in the creative age."

Advertising↗
PubMed2000

Changing practice through action research: an interview with Rachel Stevenson. Interview by Pamela J. Wood, Lynne S. Giddings.

Nurses and midwives in Aotearoa/New Zealand use a broad range of research methodologies to explore aspects of practice. This is the second article in a series based on interviews with nursing and midwifery researchers, designed to offer the beginning researcher a first-hand account of the experience of using particular methodologies. This article focuses on action research. After describing briefly the key elements of this methodology, the article presents an interview with Rachel Stevenson (RGON, MA) who used action research to explore the experience of nurses and people with asthma in the secondary care setting.

Asthma↗
PubMed2000

The methodological journey of a grounded theorist: an interview with Denise Dignam. Interview by Lynne S. Giddings, Pamela J. Wood.

Nurses and midwives in Aotearoa/New Zealand are making a unique contribution to the development and application of various research approaches (methodologies) to nursing and midwifery practice. This is the first of a series of articles based on interviews with nursing and midwifery researchers, giving stories of their research journeys in relation to a particular methodology. The articles will give beginning researchers some real life examples of what it is like to carry out research. They are not in-depth explorations of the various methodologies. What we have attempted to capture is how real people actually use the various research methodologies we read about in textbooks and that frame the research which influences our practice. The stories are presented in interview format so that each interviewee's unique style and approach can emerge. The first researcher in our series is Denise Dignam (RGON, BA, DipSocSci) who in her PhD research is using a grounded theory approach to investigate issues related to breastfeeding.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beyond interviewing skills: twelve steps for training interviewers.

The measurement of many outcomes relies on patients and their families for information that can best be collected through interviews. The authors describe 12 practical suggestions that help ensure achievement of subject enrollment and interview goals.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Harlem health care, a look back. An interview with Edward A. Nichols, MD/pediatrician. Interview by George A. Dawson.

Our goal in this series of interviews is to provide a historical record, of sorts, and to highlight persons of African American ancestry who are health care professionals in Harlem, New York. Today, Harlem is undergoing a second cultural renaissance, and in this milieu, doctors are active contributors as providers of health care and, therefore, must be reckoned with as the proverbial backbone to any community change, be it positive or negative. In this instance, we judge the changes occurring in Harlem, for the most part, to be positive. Our inaugural interview is with Dr. Nichols, a longtime member of the National Medical Association and a pediatrician who has practiced in Harlem for well over 25 years.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2005

Participatory research--'challenging the throne without losing your head': an interview with Tony MacCulloch. Interview by Lynne S. Giddings.

Participatory research approaches, though varied methodologically, share a belief in the importance of social action and the involvement of research participants. This article focuses on a modified approach to co-operative inquiry, a participatory methodology predominantly informed by humanistic psychology. It is the thirteenth in a series of articles based on interviews with nursing and midwifery researchers, designed to offer the beginning researcher a first-hand account of the experience of using particular methodologies. After describing briefly some of the varieties of approaches to participatory research and their theoretical underpinnings, the article presents an interview with Tony MacCulloch (RPN; RGN; Dip Couns; MEd) who used a modified form of co-operative inquiry to explore the risks experienced by tertiary educators who challenged oppressive structures in their workplace. It examined their experience of strategies that supported them in the course of voicing their concerns. A secondary purpose was to support educators who sought to further the ideals of transformative education.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Interview with Senator Don Nickles on domestic health care issues. Interview by Richard L. Reece.

Senator Nickles (R-Okla) was interviewed in March in his Oklahoma City office on the 18th floor of the Liberty Bank Building. The interview was shortened by a late start and because the Senator was on his way to an editorial meeting of the Daily Oklahoman. Nonetheless, Senator Nickles, a young and energetic man in his early forties, was relaxed and in no apparent rush. Nickles, still the youngest Senator in Washington, has been a US Senator for 11 years. Because of the combination of youth and promise of long tenure, he is considered to be a rising power in the Senate. He is a conservative and a philosophical ally of medicine.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing your academic career. Interview with a dean. Interview by Beverly Dillingham Lavenson.

Because the experience of others is often the best teacher, we periodically interview nurse educators who have advanced their careers successfully. In this article, Ms. Lavenson presents highlights from her interview with Eileen M. Jacobi, EdD, RN, FAAN. Former dean of the Adelphi University School of Nursing, Dr. Jacobi retired in 1986 as Dean and Professor of the College of Nursing and Allied Health, University of Texas at El Paso. She was a faculty member at Teachers' College, Columbia University and Executive Director of the American Nurses Association from 1970-1976. She received Boston University's merit award for Distinguished Service in Nursing and the outstanding graduate award from both Teachers' College and Adelphi University.

American Nurses' Association↗