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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Diffusion-tensor MR tractography of somatotopic organization of corticospinal tracts in the internal capsule: initial anatomic results in contradistinction to prior reports.

The goal of this study was to use diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to define the location and organization of corticospinal tracts (CSTs) in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC). The Institutional Review Board approved the study, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Eight volunteers and two patients with brain tumor were imaged at 3 T. All CSTs were found to lie in a compact area in one part of the PLIC: If the PLIC is divided into four equal quarters from anterior to posterior, the CST was shown to be in the third quarter. Seventeen of 20 CSTs were organized somatotopically, with hand fibers anterolateral to foot fibers, not anteromedial as is currently believed. In three of 20, hand and foot fibers were intermixed. Classically, it was thought that the CST was located in the anterior third of the PLIC. The present data confirm recent results that the CST is located more posteriorly. In the majority of cases, however, the CST is organized somatotopically.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Acute pseudobulbar syndrome. Bilateral infarction of the junction of the internal capsule with the corona radiata].

A 33 year-old hypertensive woman presented with a pure, acute, pseudobulbar palsy, two years after a right transient facio-brachial hemiplegia. C.T. scan showed two areas of low density projecting over the junction of the internal capsule with the corona radiata, at the external border of the lateral ventricles. They involved the territories of both posterolateral choroidal arteries, at the junction with those of the external lenticulostriatal arteries. Clinical data, clinico-pathological correlations in pseudobulbar palsies, and new concepts about the corticobulbar tract anatomy are discussed with evidence from this case.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Loss of motivation for speaking with bilateral lacunes in the anterior limb of the internal capsule.

A 76-year-old man suddenly presented with loss of motivation for speaking. He had no aphasia, depression or dementia, but he did not want to speak with other people. CT scan showed hypodensities, presumably lacunes, mainly in the anterior limb of the two internal capsules. Global behavioral changes with loss of self psychic activation have been reported, but in our patient the disturbance was restricted to oral language. The role of activating cortico-subcortical loops is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Pure dysarthria due to anterior internal capsule and/or corona radiata infarction: a report of five cases.

Five cases with a sudden onset of dysarthria in the setting of hypertension are presented. No case had limb weakness or other neurological deficits. Computed tomographic scan demonstrated a small low density lesion in the anterior part of the internal capsule or the adjacent corona radiata. All cases showed a good recovery from dysarthria within two to four weeks.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of YM-14673, a new TRH analogue, on behavioral and electrophysiological changes in rats subjected to electrical lesion of the internal capsule.

The effects of YM-14673, a new thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) derivative (N alpha-[[(S)-4-oxo-2-azetidinyl]carbonyl]- L-histidyl-L-prolinamide dihydrate), on the pyramidal motor system were studied in comparison with those of TRH in rats subjected to electrical destruction of the left internal capsule, a brain region of the pyramidal motor tract. In this model, neurological deficits such as hemiplegia and decrease of amplitude of electromyographic activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the left sensory motor cortex, were observed on the right legs. Drug administrations were started from 1 day after the surgical operation on and conducted once or several times a day for 13 days. YM-14673 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p., i.v., i.m.; 1 mg/kg, p.o.), unlike its metabolite (M-1) (10 mg/kg, i.p.), accelerated the recovery from neurological deficits. Decrease of evoked EMG activity on the 6th day after surgery was improved by administration of YM-14673 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.). Intraperitoneal administration of TRH (1-10 mg/kg) once a day did not show any influence on neurological deficits. However, multiple i.p. administrations of TRH seven times in 1 hr accelerated recovery from deficits. These TRH activities are supported by metabolic studies which indicated that a high plasma level of TRH was maintained by multiple administrations of TRH. These results suggest that YM-14673 has a facilitatory effect on the pyramidal motor system which is due, in part, to its TRH-like properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ischaemic stroke in the basal ganglia and internal capsule in childhood.

Ischaemic stroke in childhood is rare. In particular, there have only been a few reports of lacunar infarcts in children. In this study, four children with true lacunar infarcts and four with larger subcortical infarcts are described. We compare the clinical features and the possible pathogenesis of ischaemic strokes in the basal ganglia and internal capsule in childhood with those in adults, and discuss diagnostic and therapeutic management.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1988

Stimulation of internal capsule, thalamic sensory nucleus (VPM) and cerebral cortex inhibited deafferentation hyperactivity provoked after gasserian ganglionectomy in cat.

Facilitation of the opiate-mediated system provides relief of excess pain but not of deafferentation pain. Influence on neuronal hyper-activity, which was provoked after the deafferentation of the peripheral trigeminal nerve (deafferentation hyperactivity; DH), by stimulation of the internal capsule (IC), VPM nucleus of the thalamus and by the cerebral sensorimotor cortex, was examined. This experiment demonstrates that a suppressive effect is exerted on the sustained neuronal hyperactivity, which was proved to have a close relationship with deafferentation pain. In the preliminary experiment, it was confirmed that DH was provoked by coagulation of unilateral (left side) Gasserian ganglion in 29 adult cats, who were allowed to survive up to 72 days. DH, sustained high amplitude discharge without any stimuli on the face or neck, was detected in the subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STNcd) of the denervated side. DH was never suppressed by facilitation of the opiate-mediated system. 87 of 113 neurones identified in the STNcd of the denervated side showed DH in another 18 cats. In 30 of 55 neurones examined, DH was conspicuously suppressed by the stimulation of contralateral (right) side, 11 of 29 neurones by ipsilateral IC. Five of 13 neurones were suppressed by contralateral VPM stimulation, 2 of 3 neurones by ipsilateral stimulation. Stimulation of cortical area, SM1 of MS1, in other 15 cats, considerably suppressed DH in STNcd. Microinjection of wheat-germ-agglutinin in the cerebral cortex revealed in direct projection of the descending fibre from MS1 to STNcd and brain stem reticular formation via IC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1996

Basal ganglia-internal capsule low density lesions in children with mild head injury.

I report my experience with 14 children with mild head injury who presented with a distinct clinico-radiological syndrome. Twelve of these children were less than 18 months of age. A fall was the most common mode of injury. These children presented with immediate onset of hemiparesis. CT showed a low density lesion in the region of the basal ganglia-internal capsule. All these children made a good recovery within 2 weeks. The pathogenesis of this particular clinico-radiological syndrome is discussed.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1999

Isolation of a potential neural stem cell line from the internal capsule of an adult transgenic rat brain.

A thermosensitive mutation of simian virus 40 large T antigen (LTA) gene, the tsA58 gene, was cloned downstream of the 6-kbp neurofilament light chain promoter in pPOLYIII and injected into the pronucleus of fertilised oocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats to develop a strain harbouring six copies of the transgene. Immunocytochemical staining of hemizygous adult tissues with antibodies to the C-terminus of LTA showed that the inactive form of LTA was expressed only in the fibres of the internal capsule and in the choroid plexus of the brain. Culturing the former region at 33 degrees C, the permissive temperature for LTA, yielded a cell line, NF2C, which produced active LTA and grew at 33 degrees C but which produced only inactive LTA and eventually died at the non-permissive temperature of 39 degrees C. This clonal cell line was heterogeneous at 33 degrees C, producing the precursor neuronal cell marker nestin and the glial-specific markers glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin and S100A1, as well as weakly producing the neuronal cell markers 68-kDa neurofilament protein (NF68) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in different subpopulations of cells. However, at 39 degrees C, the cells produced dendritic, neuronal-like processes and elevated levels of NF68 and MAP2, as well as the neuronal markers synaptophysin, neurone-specific enolase, and low levels of tau, all determined by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Basic fibroblast growth factor enhanced the growth of the cells at 33 degrees C but also enhanced the formation of dendritic neuronal-like processes at 39 degrees C. It is suggested that NF2C represents a potential stem cell line from adult brain that expresses precursor and glial cell markers at 33 degrees C but undergoes partial differentiation to a neuronal cell phenotype at 39 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Myelin basic protein immunoreactivity in the internal capsule of neonates from rats on a low iodine intake or on methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI).

Rats fed on low iodine diets (LIDs) result in a normal circulating level of triiodothyronine (T3), a low level of thyroxine (T4) and an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). These changes are similar to those observed in habitants who live in iodine-deficient areas and different from those observed when the hypothyroidism is produced by goitrogens. To study the effects of LID or goitrogens on the myelin basic protein (MBP) immunoreactivity (MBP-ir) during the myelination of the internal capsule, one group of experimental female rats was fed on an LID, and another group received a standard laboratory diet with methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI) added in the drinking water. Animals fed on a standard laboratory diet and animals fed on an LID supplemented with KI were used as controls. At P10, the MMI treatment has produced a more marked decrease in the surface density of MBP-ir processes with respect to controls than that produced in the LID animals. This decrease was correlated with the cerebral concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) we found. During the postnatal development, a recovery in the levels of the surface density with respect to controls was observed in both experimental groups. The recovery occurred by P20 in the LID group and by P32 in the MMI rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Verbal memory deterioration after unilateral infarct of the internal capsule in an adolescent.

After an infarction in the territory of the anterior perforating arteries, a 15-year-old, previously healthy, left-handed patient developed considerable verbal long term memory disturbances which could be followed up and tested for more than nine months. An extensive memory test battery was used to determine spared and impaired functions. The patient had remote memory disturbances with respect to personal events for the last 5 years and problems in all verbal task tested which required remembering items over time periods exceeding an hour. The patient was indistinguishable from control subjects on short-term memory tests and on a number of nonverbal learning and recognition tests. The crucial lesion for the observed deficits in the genu of the left internal capsule was assumed to have disrupted the anterior and inferior thalamic peduncles, fornix (column), stria terminalis, anterior commissure and the medial part of the globus pallidus. This infarct, therefore, most likely damaged traversing fibres which intercommunicate within the Papez circuit and the basolateral limbic circuit and which in part provide access to cortical memory representing areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Delayed internal capsule infarctions following radiofrequency pallidotomy. Report of three cases.

The authors report on a series of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) who underwent stereotactic radiofrequency (RF) pallidotomies, three of whom suffered delayed postoperative strokes. These three belonged to a group consisting of 42 patients with medically intractable IPD in whom 50 pallidotomies were performed. All three patients had significant previous vascular disease and were in a high-risk group for cerebral infarction. A postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) image was obtained immediately after the pallidotomy was performed to document the placement of the RF lesion and to rule out any hematoma. The delayed strokes occurred on postoperative Days 10, 51, and 117 in patients with previous vascular disease (Group 1, 11 patients). No strokes occurred in the group with the vascular disease risk factor (Group 2, 11 patients) or in the group with no risk factors for vascular disease (Group 3, 20 patients). This observation is statistically significant (p < 0.05). The T2-weighted MR images showed the lesions as high-intensity signals extending to the posterior limb of the internal capsule ipsilateral to the pallidotomy site. The poststroke T1-weighted images obtained in two patients showed persistent contrast enhancement of the RF lesion and no enhancement around the stroke lesion. Clinically and radiographically, these discrete new lesions represent delayed infarctions, suggesting that RF lesioning can induce delayed injury in adjacent tissue. Patients with previously identified vasculopathy may be at risk for delayed capsular infarction following RF pallidotomy.

Adult↗