[Role of epidemiology in the adaptation of a private psychiatric health system].
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Public health delivery systems are increasingly compared to private systems as policymakers continue to focus on reducing the costs of care. However, there are very few studies comparing trends in utilization and cost between public and private providers. This study examines discharge abstract records for VA patients and insurance claims data for a national sample of privately insured individuals to investigate trends in inpatient utilization and costs for dually diagnosed individuals in these two systems. Although the substantial differences in the populations treated could account for the differences in these measures across systems, this study is useful in illustrating the possibilities and limitations of system comparisons.
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A review of the relation between insurance and psychiatric services addresses the economic concerns involved. Under third-party reimbursement, a range of predictability and stability of treatment costs is observed; overall cost benefit and effectiveness for a variety of therapeutic procedures is demonstrated and socio-cultural factors play a role in the users demand behavior. The cost of medical care is a small percentage of the system's total cost and judicious use of psychiatric consultation reduces medical and surgical expenditures. Inherent difficulties for the profession exist in a universal health care scheme. The acceptability of psychological impairment and the confidentiality dilemma are among the issues reviewed. Further attention must be paid to the therapist's fee, behaviour and income needs. A traditional defensiveness regarding these matters should be overcome through a peer review process in order to further delineate responsible financial norms of psychiatric practice. The "laissez-faire" attitude observed in most of our training programs towards financial matters must be addressed in order to participate effectively in the ongoing sociopolitical dialogue on the funding of health care.
The authors points out that psychotherapists are being increasingly required by law to function as instruments of social control. He believes it is incumbent on therapists to employ full and informed consent procedures with their patients in regard to the effects of providing psychiatric information to potential employers, insurance carriers, and other third parties.
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The 1975, 1980, and 1986 sample surveys from the National Institute of Mental Health were used to predict the type of inpatient psychiatric facility where people were admitted. Predictors used were demographics (age, gender, race, marital status, and education), psychiatric diagnosis, and insurance status (primary payment source). A discriminant analysis revealed that insurance status was the most important discriminator in predicting hospital type. State hospitals were more likely to care for patients with little or no resources, whereas private hospitals cared for patients with some form of insurance. The authors discuss the implications of insurance status and access to psychiatric treatment.
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