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Medicare: what's right? What's wrong? What's next?

Although future Medicare costs are highly uncertain, reasonable projections of those costs suggest a major financing problem. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 will provide temporary relief, although it introduced some new problems, including its geographic adjustment of Medicare+Choice rates. For the future we propose a premium-support system and an expanded benefits package. Such a system would provide a more flexible means to adjust the division of the financing burden between the elderly and the nonelderly, potentially gain some efficiencies from greater price competition and less reliance on administered pricing, and partly address the issue of uninsured early retirees.

Aged↗

Socioeconomic differences in Medicare supplemental coverage.

In this study we compare the beneficiaries with various types of Medicare supplemental insurance coverage to examine the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on such coverage. We found that those who are more disadvantaged are less likely to have any coverage, and those who have it are less likely to have it subsidized by a former employer. These findings have direct implications for the fairness of proposed programs to provide prescription drug coverage to Medicare beneficiaries, and for the advisability of various proposals for reforming Medicare, including "premium-support" programs.

Drug Prescriptions↗

Using Medicare to ease the FAS No. 106 burden.

By letting Medicare pay the first part of retirees' health care, employers can achieve significant savings. There are several ways of integrating with Medicare; some are more beneficial than others.

Accounting↗

National health expenditures projections through 2030.

If current laws and practices continue, health expenditures in the United States will reach $1.7 trillion by the year 2000, an amount equal to 18.1 percent of the Nation's gross domestic product (GDP). By the year 2030, as America's baby boomers enter their seventies and eighties, health spending will top $16 trillion, or 32 percent of GDP. The projections presented here incorporate the assumptions and conclusions of the Medicare trustees in their 1992 report to Congress on the status of Medicare, and the 1992 President's budget estimates of Medicaid outlays.

Actuarial Analysis↗

Why more cost-sharing won't slow Medicare spending.

In considering ways to slow the growth in Medicare expenditures, policymakers have concluded that increasing point-of-service cost-sharing for patients will reduce demand for health services. Under the current system, Medicare beneficiaries faced with increased cost-sharing can reduce their demand for services or purchase additional private insurance. New data from the 1991 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey show that high-income persons protect themselves from out-of-pocket costs by purchasing private supplemental insurance. Surprisingly, the data also reveal that many low-income persons also purchase private insurance, demonstrating that the elderly--whatever their income level--consider supplementary insurance more of a necessity than a luxury. Thus, it appears that increased beneficiary cost-sharing would have a limited effect on Medicare spending growth.

Aged↗

Health insurance and the elderly: data from MCBS (Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey).

This article shows the supplemental insurance distribution and Medicare spending per capita by insurance status for elderly persons in 1991. The data are from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) and Medicare bill records. Persons with Medicare only are a fairly small share of the elderly (11.4 percent). About three-fourths of the Medicare elderly have some form of private insurance. The share with Medicaid is 11.9 percent, which has increased recently as qualified Medicare beneficiaries (QMBs) started to receive partial Medicaid benefits. In general, Medicare per capita spending levels increase as supplemental insurance comes closer to first dollar coverage. When the data were recalculated to control for differences in reported health status between the insurance groups, essentially the same spending differences were observed.

Black or African American↗

Medicare program; monthly actuarial rates and monthly supplementary medical insurance premium rate beginning January 1, 1996--HCFA. Notice.

As required by section 1839 of the Social Security Act, this notice announces the monthly actuarial rates for aged (age 65 or over) and disabled (under age 65) enrollees in the Medicare Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) program for 1996. It also announces the monthly SMI premium rate to be paid by all enrollees during 1996. The monthly actuarial rates for 1996 are $84.90 for aged enrollees and $105.10 for disabled enrollees. The monthly SMI premium rate for 1996 is $42.50.

Actuarial Analysis↗

Medicare program; Medicare secondary payer for individuals entitled to Medicare and also covered under group health plans; correction--HCFA. Final rule with comment period; correcting amendments.

This document makes corrections to the final rule with comment period entitled "medicare program; medicare secondary payer for individuals entitled to medicare and also covered under group health plans" that was published in the Federal Register on Thursday, August 31, 1995 (60 FR 45344).

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗