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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Trends in clinical indicators of care for adult peritoneal dialysis patients in the United States from 1995 to 1997. ESRD Core Indicators Workgroup.

BACKGROUND: This article describes the changes in four core indicator variables: dialysis adequacy, hematocrit, serum albumin, and blood pressure in peritoneal dialysis CAPD and cycler patients over a three-year period. METHODS: A national random sample of adult peritoneal dialysis patients in the United States was drawn each study period. Clinical data abstraction forms were completed by facility staff for patients selected for the sample, returned to the respective network, then forwarded to the Health Care Financing Administration for analysis. RESULTS: The mean weekly Kt/V urea for CAPD patients increased from 1.91 in 1995 to 2.12 in 1997 (P < 0.001) and for cycler patients, from 2.12 in 1996 to 2.24 in 1997 (P < 0.05). The mean weekly creatinine clearance for CAPD patients increased from 61.48 liter/week/1.73 m2 in 1995 to 65.84 liter/week/1.73 m2 in 1997 (P < 0.05). For cycler patients, it increased from 63.37 liter/week/1.73 m2 in 1996 to 67.45 liter/week/1.73 m2 in 1997 (P < 0.05). Despite this increase in adequacy values, less than 40% of peritoneal dialysis patients in 1997 had weekly Kt/V urea or creatinine clearance values that met subsequently published National Kidney Foundation's Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (DOQI) guidelines. These data suggest that the dialysis prescription may not be adequately modified to compensate for increased body weight and for decreased residual renal function as years on dialysis increase. The average hematocrit value increased modestly in both CAPD and cycler patients from 1995 to 1997, and the number of patients with a hematocrit of less than 25% decreased from 6% in 1995 to 1.4% in 1997 (P < 0.001). Both serum albumin values and systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were essentially unchanged during the three-year period of observation. CONCLUSIONS: Despite improvements in dialysis adequacy and hematocrit values, there remains much room for improvement in these core indicator values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of several insulin sensitivity indices derived from basal plasma insulin and glucose levels with minimal model indices.

Some techniques for the evaluation of insulin resistance (IR), such as the clamp technique, are not viable for the study of large populations; and for this reason, alternative approaches based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and plasma insulin (FPI) have been proposed. The aim of this study was to compare the IR calculations obtained from FPI and FPG values with the insulin sensitivity (IS) index derived from the minimal model. Eighty-seven healthy subjects with a wide range of body mass index (18 - 44 kg x m -2) and 16 DM2 non-obese patients were included in the study. All of the patients underwent a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT), and the minimal model of glucose was used for the estimation of insulin sensitivity (IS MINIMAL ). The HOMA-IR index, the Avignon index, and the quotient FPG/FPI were used to calculate basal steady-state IR. The basal IR value that best correlated with IS was Log (1/HOMA-IR) (r = 0.70, p < 0.001). All of the basal indices showed a high correlation with each other. In conclusions, insulin sensitivity indices as determined from the basal glycaemia and insulinemia values are not good estimators for metabolic reality from the perspective of the minimal model. Nevertheless, they might well have an IR screening value for epidemiological studies, as long as there is no pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short-term memory and working memory as indices of children's cognitive skills.

In the current literature, empirical and conceptual distinctions have been drawn between a more or less passive short-term memory (STM) system and a more dynamic working memory (WM) system. Distinct tasks have been developed to measure their capacity and research has generally shown that, for adults, WM, and not STM, is a reliable predictor of general cognitive ability. However, the locus of the differences between the tasks has received little attention. We present data from children concerning measures of matrices reasoning ability, reading, and numerical skill along with forward and backward order serial recall of WM, STM, and STM with articulatory suppression tasks. As indices of children's cognitive skills, STM and WM are shown to be rather similar in terms of memory per se. Neither the opportunity for rehearsal nor task complexity provides satisfactory explanations for differences between memory tests.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Why aren't indices of relationship costs always negatively related to indices of relationship quality?

Many researchers have made the seemingly straightforward predictions that relationship rewards will be positively, and relationship costs will be negatively, associated with indices of relationship quality. Existing literature supports the hypothesis for rewards, but evidence regarding costs is mixed. Depending on the study, indices of costs have been observed to be negatively associated, unassociated, and even positively associated with relationship quality. We argue that the mixed results may have been due in part to past cost measures tapping three separate constructs: (a) a partner's intentional poor behavior directed at the participant, (b) negative things associated with the relationship (but not caused by the partner's intentional behavior), and (c) behaving in such a manner as to meet a partner's needs-something which often may involve performing undesirable activities, foregoing desired opportunities, or giving up money, time, or goods. We believe the first two types of costs should be negatively associated with relationship quality. However, we argue that the last type, because it involves adhering to communal norms (Clark & Mills, 1979,1993) will often tend to be either negligibly or even positively associated with relationship quality. In two studies the occurrence of these three categories of events in close relationships as well as the quality of those relationships were measured. The overall pattern of results supports our specific hypotheses as well as the general idea that a lack of conceptual clarity regarding "costs" has contributed to the current mixed nature of our literature on links between relationship costs and relationship quality.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and cellular proliferation indices as prognostic indicators after incomplete surgical excision of cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors: 28 dogs (1994-2002).

The objectives of this study were to determine local recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and prognostic value of the number of argyrophylic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and number of Ki-67-positive nuclei after incomplete surgical excision of canine cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors (MCTs). This retrospective study included 30 MCTs in 28 dogs. Medical records were examined and follow-up information was obtained from owners and referring veterinarians. Only cases in which excision was incomplete and no anvcillary therapy (other than prednisone) for MCT was given were included. Paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were retrieved for AgNORs, PCNA, and Ki-67 staining. Median follow-up time was 811.5 days. Seven (23.3%) tumors recurred locally. Median time to local recurrence was not reached with a mean of 1,713 days. The estimated proportions of tumors that recurred locally at 1, 2, and 5 years were 17.3, 22.1, and 33.3%, respectively. Eleven (39.3%) dogs developed MCTs at other cutaneous locations. Median progression-free survival was 1,044 days. Median overall survival was 1,426 days. The combination of Ki-67 and PCNA scores was prognostic for local recurrence (P = .03) and development of local recurrence was prognostic for decreased overall survival (P = .04). Results suggest that a minority of incompletely excised MCTs recur. Therefore, ancillary local therapies may not always be necessary. However, local recurrence can negatively affect survival of the affected dogs. Cellular proliferation indices may indicate the likelihood of MCT recurrence after incomplete excision.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Genetic-demographic characteristics of the rural population of the Republic of Tuva: reproductive indicators and the structure of Crow's indices].

The age limits of the female reproductive function, vital statistics, and Crow's indices were estimated in populations of three districts of the Tuva Republic that were remote from one another. These were the Kyzyl (the Shinaan population), Todzhinskii, and Bai-Taiginskii raions. The monoethnic Shinaan population was characterized by the longest reproductive period (15.88 years) but the lowest average number of pregnancies throughout the reproductive period (5.77); childbirth was an outcome of 86.72% of pregnancies. In the Bai-Taiginskii population, which was also monoethnic but lived in an industrial area of Tuva, these parameters were 12.99 years, 7.06 pregnancies, and 81.97%, respectively. The Todzhinskii population, which was ethnically mixed, exhibited the shortest actual reproductive period (10.72 years) and the greatest average number of pregnancies throughout the reproductive period (7.29), with the proportion of pregnancies ending in childbirth as low as 48.30%. The indices of potential selection and their components related to differential mortality and differential fertility were the following: in the Shinaan population, Itot = 0.59, Im = 0.19, and I(f) = 0.34; in the Bai-Taiginskii population, Itot = 0.48, Im = 0.18, and I(f) = 0.26; and in the Todzhinskii population, Itot = 0.90, Im = 0.23, and I(f) = 0.55. Thus, reproductive parameters in the studied populations of the Tuva Republic were largely determined by the ethnic composition of the population and social factors.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Cathepsin B, a prognostic indicator in lymph node-negative breast carcinoma patients: comparison with cathepsin D, cathepsin L, and other clinical indicators.

New prognosticators are needed for breast cancer patients after the initial surgical treatment to make therapeutic decisions that ultimately will affect their DFS. These consist of specific proteolytic enzymes including lysosomal endopeptidases. In this study, the activity and protein concentrations of cathepsins (Cats) D, B, and L were measured in 282 invasive breast tumor cytosols. These potential biological prognostic indicators were compared with other histopathological parameters, such as tumor size, lymph node involvement, tumor-node-metastasis stage, histological grade, DNA analysis, and steroid receptors. CatD protein concentration correlated with lymph node involvement. CatB and CatL levels correlated significantly with Scarf-Bloom-Richardson histological grade and were also higher in estrogen-negative tumors, and CatB was higher in larger tumors. As prognostic markers, CatB concentration was significant for increased risk for recurrence in the entire patient population and specifically also in lymph node-negative patients as follows: high CatB concentration (above 371 micrograms/g) in tumor cytosols was significant (P < 0.00) for high risk of recurrence but was of only borderline prognostic significance (P < 0.06) for overall survival of all patients. In lymph node-negative patients, CatB (above 240 micrograms/g, P < 0.003) was highly significant for recurrence-free survival, followed by CatL (above 20 micrograms/g, P < 0.049) and CatD (above 45 nmol/g, P < 0.044) concentrations. For overall survival of node-negative patients, only CatB was a significant (P < 0.014) prognosticator. We conclude that CatB is useful as a prognostic indicator in lymph node-negative patients. This suggests that selective adjuvant therapy should be applied in this lower risk group of patients when high levels of CatB are determined.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Indication for short stripping of the great saphenous vein. Results and indications].

BACKGROUND: The aim of surgical therapy of varicose veins is the elimination of reflux from the deep to superficial system at the saphenous crosse and perforant vessel and conservation of the superficial venous system due to possible surgical procedures for arterial revascularization. This latter condition leads to an extension of indications for short stripping procedures, although the venous distal segment may undergo hypoplastic degeneration not compatible for revascularization purposes. Another important reason is the minor incidence of neurologic complication due to saphenous nerve lesion which may occur during long saphenous stripping. METHODS: From January 1994 to June 1999, we considered 233 patients (182 women, 51 men); 180 cases underwent long saphenous stripping procedures, whereas 53 a short stripping of GSV. The incidence of neurologic complications of the saphenous nerve were recorded in 11.6% of the patients treated with the standard procedure, whereas no such complication was observed in all cases treated with the short stripping procedure. RESULTS: ECD follow-up performed for a period of three months from the surgical procedure revealed the patency of the residual saphenous vein, with a minimum diameter of 3 mm, in 28 patients (56.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Our opinion is to extend the indication for short stripping of the saphenous vein to all cases where the distal saphenous trunk is not involved, when the ECD shows a pathological ostial reflux, a truncular reflux limited to the thigh, which may be associated with incontinence of the perforant vein of Dodd.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Indication of Northern Caspian regions by biochemical (enzymatic) indices of water and bottom sediments].

We evaluated ecological status in the region of mixing of river and sea waters in the northern Caspian Sea with high anthropogenic pressure. We studied the regions of Volga River fore-delta, the water areas neighboring ancient hydrological transects, and the sea regions between the transects. The water areas were evaluated by biochemical degradation of organic compounds (proteinase and amylase activities) in water and bottom sediments as well as hydrochemical indices of water (salt composition and contents of dissolved oxygen and biogenic compounds). In conditions of active vegetation of phytoplankton and higher aquatic plants soon after the highest wave of the Volga flood, we studied distribution of hydrolytic enzyme activities involved in the global production/destruction cycle of high molecular weight organic compounds (proteins and polysaccharides). The data obtained with the trypsin-azocasein and alpha-amylase-modified starch tests indicates pollution of water and surface sediments in the lower reaches of Volga and the inflow sea regions.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1990

[Typical combinations of personal satisfaction and their relation to symptoms, diagnosis and indications for therapy. II: Relation of personal satisfaction, symptoms and indications for psychotherapy].

In our sample of psychotherapy outpatients (n = 562) age, gender and education do not influence satisfaction measured by questionnaire. Patients with low satisfaction showed more depressive symptoms, conflict reactions, psychotic/borderline symptoms and come into therapy more often. Patients with higher satisfaction showed to be more hysteric and had more psychosomatic symptoms. Indication for therapy depends more on (dis)satisfaction than on diagnosis. Dissatisfaction with a certain area affects indication for therapy less than statistically evaluated types of answers. Those types (satisfaction or dissatisfaction with all areas) are interpreted as a sign of psychological dedifferentiation. Satisfaction is a subjective phenomenon and does not depend on objective facts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Recording pattern of occlusal indicators. I. Influence of indicator thickness, pressure, and surface morphology].

There are no data in the literature about the recording pattern of occlusal indicators and the relevant methods. We therefore studied the recording patterns of four foils, six paper materials, and four silk qualities at different pressures and surface morphologies. Foils are the thinnest indicator materials and give more accurate readings than paper and silk. However, under smaller loads their marking capacity is worse. This means that higher pressures must be applied for the clinical use of foils. The drawbacks of the more intensively marking papers and silk are their greater thickness and less flexible base material. This leads to a greater number of pseudo contact markings.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMed1979

Hyposensitization in allergic rhinitis. Immunotherapy. Indications and contra-indications.

Immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis should be initiated only when other efforts at elimination and treatment of symptoms prove ineffective. The indications become more convincing if symptoms of bronchial hyperreactivity and asthma are also present. General preconditions which must be fulfilled prior to treatment are the establishing of a precise diagnosis, and that the allergen planned for treatment must play a decisive part in the disease. The main contra-indications are other, concurrent immunological diseases, and pregnancy.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

Partial indices as indicators of the severity and prevalence of periodontal disease.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the reliability of partial examination in the assessment of the average severity and the prevalence of periodontal disease. A total of 126 subjects aged 15-30 years and 160 subjects aged 31-68 years were examined for the presence or absence of gingival bleeding, supra- and subgingival calculus and pocket depths of 4-5 mm or 6 mm and over on six surfaces of each remaining tooth. From this pool of data three sets of average severity and prevalence scores were extracted. One was based on the full mouth examination; one on observations made from the ten index teeth of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN); and one on the six index teeth of the Periodontal Disease Index. Average severity scores were obtained as accurately from the six Ramfjord teeth as from full mouth examinations for all periodontal disease indicators except for 6 mm or deeper pockets. When the assessments were based on the ten CPITN index teeth, the average severity scores exceeded those based on full mouth examinations for all indicators recorded and the prevalence figures were higher than those based on the six Ramfjord teeth. Even with the CPITN there was an under-estimate of the proportion of individuals affected, ranging from 16 per cent for 4-5 mm pockets to 21 per cent for 6 mm and deeper pockets in the older age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

False negative interpretation of biologic indicators or the importance of using two biologic indicator test strips.

The use of at least two biologic indicators to monitor a sterilization process greatly enhances failure detection. A retrospective study of a sterilization monitoring service's database revealed that 48.7% of tests using two test strips were single-strip positive. This indicates that there is a nonuniformity in the sterilization conditions within the sterilizer chamber and that there is a need for at least two test strips to detect this nonuniformity.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1993

Indications and relative indications for stem cell transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

High dose chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation and autologous stem cell rescue has proven to be effective treatment to cure patients with relapsed intermediate grade and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Important factors for selection of candidates most likely to do well with these approaches include patients whose disease is responsive to conventional therapy and those who have minimal disease volume at the time of transplant. The treatment-related mortality of autologous stem cell transplantation has diminished from 20% to less than 5% with improved supportive care and selection of patients with less advanced disease. Although the treatment-related mortality of allogeneic stem cell transplantation may be as high as 20-40%, a graft versus lymphoma effect may decrease relapse with the result that overall survival is not substantially different between autologous and allogeneic transplantation. The definitive indications for stem cell transplantation include patients who have relapsed with intermediate or high grade NHL. Relative indications include intermediate/high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, "high risk" first complete remission (CR), resistant relapse; low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in sensitive or resistant relapse, advanced disease (sensitive or resistant relapse, transformation), first CR (younger patients). Relative contraindications include specific patient profiles such as bulky high grade lymphoma which progresses on appropriate conventional therapy, poor performance status, active serious infection, serious cardiac, renal, pulmonary or liver dysfunction, active, central nervous system (CNS) disease unresponsive to cranial irradiation/intrathecal therapy. For patients with previous marrow involvement or active marrow involvement at the time of harvest or transplant, "purged" autografts, peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and allografts have been used successfully.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

[Oral disease epidemiologic illness indices and oral health measures--traditional concepts are supplemented by new socio-dental indicators].

The article describes various of the commonly used measures for oral health and disease. Their disadvantages and shortcomings are discussed, and alternative approaches are presented. It is argued that the "classical" clinical indices reflect only parts of a holistic understanding of oral health. They should be supplemented by psycho-social measures, so-called socio-dental indicators, which can be applied in epidemiological surveys as well as in the evaluation of preventive programmes.

DMF Index↗
PubMed1996

[Indicators of the risk of calcium oxalate urinary calculi: comparative study of the Parks' and Tiselius' indices, urinary citrate/calciuria ratio, and morning crystalluria].

Despite the progress in basic research, the precise assessment of the risk of calcium oxalate urinary stones and the detection of patients at particular risk of recurrent stones are often problematical. A population of 55 renal stone patients and 50 controls served as a basis for various comparative studies of Parks' index, Tiselius' index, the urinary citrate/urinary calcium ratio and the morning calcium oxalate crystalluria. Parks' index and the urinary citrate/urinary calcium ratio were highly discriminant, in contrast with Tiselius' index and crystalluria, which were statistically comparable in the 2 groups. A close correlation was observed for the 3 versions of Tiselius' index, which estimates diuresis, but no particular correlation was detected between crystalluria and the other parameters studied. Parks' index and the urinary citrate/urinary calcium ratio are potentially adapted to the detection and monitoring of renal stone patients at risk of recurrence. On the other hand, the various Tiselius' indices can be essentially used to evaluate urinary calcium oxalate oversaturation and possibly to control treatments interfering with this parameter. The formula simply based on diuresis, and the 24-hour urinary calcium and oxalate excretion (CaO.71.Ox.V-1.2) appears to be sufficient for this purpose. The absence of correlation between crystalluria and the other potential indicators of lithogenic risk raises the problem of their respective validity as well as the possible prevalence in the crystallization process of the powerful inhibitors which are currently unidentified, but probably macromolecular.

Calcium↗