SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “IPECAC”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Single dose pharmacokinetics of syrup of ipecac.

Syrup of ipecac (SI) has been used medicinally since the 1500s; however, little is known about the pharmacokinetics in humans of SI's active ingredients, emetine and cephaeline. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of absorption and the rate of elimination of emetine and cephaeline. Ten healthy, adult, human volunteers between 18 and 45 years of age who were of ideal body weight (body mass index 20-25) completed this study. After an overnight fast, 30 mL SI were ingested. Blood samples were collected 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes post-ingestion and urine was collected throughout the study period. Plasma and urine concentrations of emetine and cephaeline were measured by reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. In virtually all subjects, emetine and cephaeline were detected within 5-10 minutes of dosing with the time to maximum concentration being approximately 20 minutes. The mean areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for both emetine and cephaeline were similar; however, the ratio of mean cephaeline maximum concentration (Cmax) to emetine Cmax was approximately 1.5. Four of the ten subjects exhibited a type of concentration-time profile in which the levels of cephaeline were substantially higher than those of emetine and the levels of cephaeline were substantially higher than noted for the other six subjects. In these remaining six subjects, the levels of emetine and cephaeline were lower than 10 ng/mL at all time-points. An initial elimination phase was noted in some subjects but not in others. Individuals in whom an initial elimination phase was not observed also exhibited low levels of both alkaloids as compared with the other subjects suggestive of a slower distribution phase. Less than 0. 15% of the administered emetine and cephaeline was recovered in the urine at 3 hours. No relationship between vomiting episodes and peak concentrations of emetine or cephaeline was found. Administration of SI results in rapid appearance and disappearance of emetine and cephaeline in plasma becoming almost undetectable at 3 hours. Very little of either alkaloid is eliminated in the urine within this time period, suggesting extensive distribution. The length of time that an administered dose of SI can result in the detection of emetine and/or cephaeline in the urine has not been determined; future studies in humans are required.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Death from ipecac intoxication in a patient with anorexia nervosa.

A patient with anorexia nervosa developed a fatal cardiomyopathy due to ipecac intoxication. Prodromal signs and symptoms included generalized muscle weakness, dysphagia, and severe palpitations. Autopsy revealed pathological changes in the heart and skeletal muscles.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Effectiveness of a health education program in a lower socioeconomic population. Replication of an ipecac guidance study.

When teaching home safety, we selectively highlight those hazards most likely to injure children at various developmental stages. In one of the few studies evaluating this approach, we successfully taught a middle class population appropriate home use of ipecac syrup. The study reported herein replicated that study in a lower socioeconomic population. Although learning occurred, statistical significance was not quite achieved. While this study does not refute the "targeted" approach, it does demonstrate that characteristics of the population are likely to affect the educational outcome. Impressive statistical improvement may not be demonstrated. Individual realistic goals must be established prior to implementation and evaluation of a program.

Accidents, Home↗

PubMed1999

Should home ipecac-induced emesis be routinely recommended in the management of toxic berry ingestions?

Poison center (PC) management of toxic berry ingestions may include recommendations to administer syrup of ipecac (SI) regardless of the number of berries ingested. We investigated whether the routine use of SI in the home management of asymptomatic single or few (< 6) berry ingestions may be unnecessary. A prospective, randomized clinical trial compared SI + home observation (HO) to HO alone for management of pediatric toxic berry ingestions. Subjects were children 9 mo to 5 y who ingested a small number (< 6) of Taxus sp (yew), Solanum americanus (nightshade), Ilex sp (holly) or unknown potentially toxic berries. Exclusions were symptomatic subjects, ingestion of more than 1 type of berry or other plant part, or contraindication to SI. Outcome variables consisting of symptom assessment and disposition were assessed 24 h following the ingestion. Over a 27-mo period 103 subjects were entered into the study; 45 received SI/HO and 51 received only HO. While 100% of the SI/HO group experienced vomiting, none of the HO group vomited. Diarrhea and sedation were more common in the SI/HO group. Use of SI in the home management of young children who ingest fewer than 6 toxic berries (yew, nightshade, holly or unknown) and who are asymptomatic when the PC is contacted may be responsible for the majority of symptoms. Ingestion of small amounts of berries may require no intervention beyond observation. Methodological limitations of this study included the lack of confirmed identification of the berries and the inability to confirm ingestion and absorption.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1977

[Partial disorganization of the anaphasic segregation of chromosomes in plant cells: combined actions of griseofulvin, producer of pluripolar anaphases and 2 ipecac alkaloids, producers of floating pole anaphases].

Anaphasis may be slightly checked by various treatments which however result in a normal chromosomic separation. Griseofulvin exerts a direct though partial influence on the mitotic apparatus, which entails "pluripolar anaphasis"; on the other hand Ipecac alkaloïds act indirectly and produce "floating poles anaphases". Treatments combining griseofulvin with cepheline or tubulosine show that there is never any synergy between the two processes. These results support our hypothesis that floating poles anaphases are not a sign of slight C-mitotic action but only come from a lag between the appearance/disappearance of microtubules and that of chromosomes during anaphasis.

Anaphase↗

PubMed1998

Molecular modeling study of tubulosine and other related ipecac alkaloids.

A molecular modeling study of two alkaloids, tubulosine and psychotrine, isolated from the sap of Pogonopus speciosus, and other related ipecac alkaloids, showed that these flexible alkaloids favor a nonplanar structure. The biologically active compounds had conformations with a similar angle between aromatic ring A, the nitrogen in ring B, and ring D. This angle was related to the biological activity reported for these compounds. Our results support the hypothesis of two different types of receptor interactions, one for the nonplanar compounds and another for the planar compounds.

Alkaloids↗

PubMed2006

Reproductive studies on ipecac (Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich; Rubiaceae): meiotic behavior and pollen viability.

Reproductive studies were carried out on Brazilian accessions of ipecac, Cephaelis ipecacuanha. Meiotic behavior was studied using the squashing technique. Irregular chromosome segregation in meiosis I and II, many sets of chromosomes in telophase II, micronuclei, incorrect cytoplasm division, incomplete cytokinesis and anomalous post-meiotic products, mainly polyads, were observed. The mean meiotic index was lower than 72%. Pollen viability was analyzed using Alexander solution, and the percentages ranged between brevistylous and longistylous floral morphs (85.3 to 93.1%), and among different localities (82.5 to 92.6%) analyzed. The size of pollen ranged between viable and sterile, and empty and shrunken sterile. In its natural habitat, this species is known to propagate by vegetative multiplication, but sexual reproduction seems to be as important as the vegetative propagation to this species.

Cephaelis↗

PubMed1963