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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

HS-142-1, a novel polysaccharide of microbial origin, specifically recognizes guanylyl cyclase-linked ANP receptor in rat glomeruli.

HS-142-1, a novel polysaccharide, of microbial origin had been characterized as a specific antagonist of guanylyl cyclase-linked atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors (ANP-GC receptor) in bovine adrenal cortex. The effect of HS-142-1 on ANP receptors of rat glomeruli were examined. HS-142-1 blocked rat ANP (r-ANP)-stimulated cGMP production in a concentration-dependent manner, although it caused only slight inhibition in the specific binding of [125I]-rANP to the glomeruli where only a small portion of the binding sites are coupled to guanylyl cyclase. HS-142-1 recognized the 135K ANP receptor which is thought to be ANP-GC receptors but did not recognized 60K receptor, guanylyl cyclase-free type from affinity cross-linking studies with glomerular membranes. These results indicate that HS-142-1 is a specific antagonist for the ANP-GC receptor in rat glomeruli, and that it will be a powerful tool for understanding the physiological roles of ANP in renal responses.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed2006

The impact of hs C-reactive protein and other inflammatory biomarkers on long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

We evaluated whether high circulating levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6) or leukocytes count (LC), can provide any additional predictive value over that provided by hs C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) for the incidence of 5-year cardiovascular mortality, in 458 and 476 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS), respectively. By 5 years the incidence of cardiovascular mortality was 37.3% and 35.5% in patients with STEMI and NSTE-ACS, respectively. Each of the study inflammatory biomarkers conferred independent to clinical risk predictors (and to cardiac troponin I) long-term prognostic information (all p<0.05), but only LC provided additional predictive value over that provided by hs-CRP, in either cohort (p<0.05). By multivariate Cox regression analysis, hs-CRP (p<0.001 for both cohorts) and LC (p=0.009 and p<0.001 for STEMI and NSTE-ACS, respectively) were the only inflammatory biomarkers independently associated with the incidence of 5-year cardiovascular mortality. According to the present results high circulating levels of LC but not of SAA, fibrinogen or IL-6 can provide additional long-term predictive value over that provided by hs-CRP in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Acute Coronary Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Removal of humic substances (HS) from water by electro-microfiltration (EMF).

Humic substances (HS) represent the common agents contributing to flux decline during membrane filtration of natural water. In order to minimize the fouling during microfiltration (MF) of HS, modifying the operation of MF presents a promising alternative. A laboratory-scale electro-microfiltration (EMF) module was used to separate Aldrich HS from water by applying a voltage across the membrane. The presence of an electric field significantly reduced the flux decline. A flux comparable to that of ion-free water was attained when the voltage was near the critical electric field strength (Ecritical), i.e., the electrical field gradient that balances the advective and electrophoretic velocities of solute. At an applied voltage of 100 V (approximately 110 V/cm), it was able to reduce UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), total organic carbon (TOC) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) by over 50% in the permeate. Results from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analysis suggest that the aromatic and functionalized aliphatic fractions decreased significantly in the permeate. The charged HS have large molecule weight compared with those passing through membrane. Results clearly indicate that a combination of electric force with MF can increase HS rejection and decrease flux decline. Electrophoretic attraction was the major mechanism for the improvement of flux and rejection over time.

Disinfection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety surveillance of esterified estrogens-methyltestosterone (Estratest and Estratest HS) replacement therapy in the United States.

This paper summarizes all postmarketing safety surveillance data collected by Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Marietta, Georgia), between 1989 and 1996 for Estratest and Estratest HS (half-strength). These oral esterified estrogens--methyltestosterone combination products have been marketed in the United States since 1964 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause in patients whose symptoms have not been relieved by estrogens alone. Between 1989 and 1996, more than 1 million woman-years of exposure occurred. The safety profile contained in this paper is based on a cumulative total of 568 individual cases comprising 863 adverse events (AEs). The proportions of AEs associated with the use of Estratest (575 events; 66.6%) and Estratest HS (288 events; 33.4%) were commensurate with the proportions of individual reports of adverse experiences for the two formulations (369 reports [65.0%] and 199 reports [35.0%], respectively). The rank order and percentage of types of AEs reported were also similar. The cumulative volume of reports was relatively low given the extent of exposure. Despite the limitations inherent in spontaneous postmarketing surveillance, the safety profile derived from this assessment does not indicate a significant safety concern with Estratest or Estratest HS. No deaths were reported, and no adverse findings indicative of the need for more comprehensive surveillance or concern on the part of the medical community or consumers were observed. Reports of cancer, cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic phenomena, and hepatic dysfunction were few and were assessed as not related to treatment with Estratest or Estratest HS; reports of drug overdose, drug-drug interaction, and birth defects were rare (4 of 863 events; 0.5%). The most commonly reported AEs were those known to be associated with estrogen therapy (weight gain, headache, nausea, and vasodilatation) and androgen treatment (alopecia, acne, and hirsutism). Twenty-three (4.0%) of the 568 cases reported had at least one event that was regarded as serious, and 53 (6.1%) of the total 863 AEs were regarded as serious. The findings indicate that Estratest and Estratest HS are safe when used as directed and that the marginal increase in risk associated with androgen coadministration can be managed with appropriate patient selection and monitoring, as stated in the package insert for these compounds.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1997

Molecular nature of a sperm acrosomal antigen recognized by HS-13 monoclonal antibody.

Among the numerous monoclonal antibodies generated against human sperm antigens, HS-13 monoclonal antibody was shown to react with an intra-acrosomal antigen from human, mouse and rat. In this study, HS-13 was used as the affinity ligand for the purification of the cognate antigen from human sperm by immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified cognate antigen from human sperm, designated as HSAg-13, was found to be a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 80 kDa on SDS-PAGE in the presence of reducing reagents. This monoclonal antibody was used as the probe to study the tissue distributions and developmental expression of the cognate antigen from human, mouse and rat by immunohistochemical assays. It was concluded that the antigen recognized by HS-13 antibody is highly sperm specific and found only in sperm and mature testis, but not in any other somatic tissues examined in human and mouse. The antigen was shown to be expressed at the postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis in mouse and rat. By using indirect immunofluorescent staining assay, HS-13 was shown to react only with the methanol-fixed acrosome-intact sperm but not with the live sperm. Following calcium ionophore A23187 treatment, acrosome-reacted sperm showed either negative staining or residual staining in the equatorial region, suggesting the intra-acrosomal location of HSAg-13. The spontaneous acrosome reaction following overnight incubation in BWW medium resulted in a statistically significant decrease of antibody-stained human sperm. In view of excellent correlations for the scoring of acrosome-intact sperm with that of fluorescence-labeled Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) probe, HS-13 monoclonal antibody can be routinely used for monitoring sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction.

Acrosome↗
PubMed2003

Impact of Solutol HS 15 on the pharmacokinetic behavior of midazolam upon intravenous administration to male Wistar rats.

The pharmacokinetic profile of midazolam (MDZ) and its major metabolites 1'-OH-midazolam (1'OH-MDZ) and 4-OH-midazolam (4OH-MDZ) was investigated in rats. MDZ was administered intravenously at 5 mg/kg either in the absence (NaCl 0.9%, control group) or in the presence of the surfactant Solutol HS 15, a weak inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity in vitro (Solutol HS 15-treated group). It was found that the pharmacokinetic profiles of MDZ, 1'OH-MDZ and 4OH MDZ did not differ significantly in the two dosing vehicles (P values above 0.2). MDZ exhibited a high plasma clearance (Cl) of 79 and 92 ml/min/kg (corresponding to a blood Cl of 64 and 75 ml/min/kg), a high volume of distribution (V(d)) of 4.0 and 3.6 l/kg, and an area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(t0-tinf)) of 1062 and 932 h.ng/ml in the control group and in the Solutol HS 15-treated group, respectively. The amount of MDZ excreted unchanged into urine was below 0.01% with both dosing vehicles. AUC(t0-tinf) in the control group was 12.3 h.ng/ml for 1'OH-MDZ and 38.8 h.ng/ml 4OH-MDZ. In the Solutol HS 15-treated group, AUC(t0-tinf) was 14 h.ng/ml for 1'OH-MDZ and 35.4 h.ng/ml for 4OH-MDZ. The metabolite concentrations excreted into urine were below the limit of quantification. In the rat, MDZ has a high blood clearance that is limited by liver blood flow. Therefore, weak CYP3A inhibitors like Solutol HS 15 are not likely to affect the hepatic blood clearance of MDZ in vivo.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of systemic immunologic responses against hepatic metastases during gene therapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis with retroviral HS-tk and ganciclovir.

Gene therapy with retroviral mediated gene transfer of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HS-tk) gene into a tumor mass confers sensitivity of the tumor cells to ganciclovir (GCV). Tumor-specific immunologic responses may develop following treatment of the primary tumor with retroviral HS-tk and GCV. In the present study we assessed whether GCV treatment of HS-tk transduced colon cancer (TK+) implanted in the peritoneal cavity induced a systemic antitumor response that would inhibit growth of a second wild-type (TK-) tumor implanted in the liver. DHDK12 rat colon cancer cells were transduced in vitro with the retroviral HS-tk vector and established as a permanent cell line (TK+ cells). TK+ or TK- DHDK12 cells (6x10(6) cells) were injected intraperitoneally on day 0 into BD-IX rats. On day 10, TK- cells (3x10(6) cells) were injected into the liver in all the groups. The animals were then treated with GCV (150 mg/kg) for 13 days. TK+ peritoneal tumors underwent significant regression during therapy with GCV (0.05+/-0.004 g; n=7) compared to wild-type (TK-) tumors (2.2+/-0.7g; n=6) (P<0.05). The volume of TK- tumors in the liver was significantly lower in GCV-treated rats with TK+ peritoneal tumors (12.5+/-8.3 mm3) compared to rats with TK- peritoneal tumors (96.7+/-18.1 mm3) (P<0.05). Histology of the liver tumors in the TK+ groups showed a dense monocytic infiltrate with fibrosis and only occasional viable tumor cells. Gene therapy with retroviral HS-tk vectors may provide a novel approach to treatment of gastrointestinal cancer by both direct cytotoxicity and an indirect mechanism that may include enhanced immuno logic responses against disseminated disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Allotopic antagonism of the non-peptide atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) antagonist HS-142-1 on natriuretic peptide receptor NPR-A.

The microbial polysaccharide HS-142-1 has been documented as an antagonist of natriuretic peptides. It inhibits activation and peptide binding to both guanylate receptors natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A and NPR-B, but has no effect on the non-cyclase receptor NPR-C. At first sight the effect of HS-142-1 on peptide binding appears to be surmountable, suggesting that it might be competitive despite its chemically divergent nature. We explored its mode of action on wild-type NPR-A (WT), on a disulphide-bridged constitutively active mutant (C423S) and on truncated mutants lacking either their cytoplasmic domain (DeltaKC) or both the cytoplasmic and the transmembrane domains (ECD). On the WT, HS-142-1 inhibited atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) binding with a pK value of 6.51 +/- 0.07 (K(d)=0.31 microM). It displayed a similar effect on the C423S mutant (pK=6.31 +/- 0.11), indicating that its action might not be due to interference with receptor dimerization. HS-142-1 also inhibited ANP binding to DeltaKC with a pK of 7.05 +/- 0.05 (K(d)=0.089 microM), but it was inactive on ANP binding to ECD at a concentration of 10(-4) M, suggesting that the antagonism was not competitive at the peptide-binding site located on the ECD and that the transmembrane domain might be required. HS-142-1 also enhanced dissociation of NPR-A-bound (125)I-ANP in the presence of excess unlabelled ANP, implying an allotopic (allosteric) mode of action for the antagonist.

Allosteric Regulation↗
PubMed1994

Identification of renal natriuretic peptide receptor subpopulations by use of the non-peptide antagonist, HS-142-1.

1. The renal actions of natriuretic peptides are dictated by the distribution of guanylyl cyclase-linked (NPRA and NPRB) and non-guanylyl cyclase-linked (NPRC) receptors. Natriuretic peptide receptors have previously been distinguished on the basis of their differential affinity for peptide fragments and analogues; however, most of the available ligands are not fully selective. We have used the specific guanylyl cyclase-linked receptor antagonist, HS-142-1, to investigate the differential distribution of natriuretic peptide receptor subtypes in the human, bovine and rat kidney. 2. Specific, high affinity 3-([125I]-iodotyrosyl)-rat-ANP-(1-28)([125I]-rANP1-28) binding sites were identified in all three species, localized to glomeruli, inner medulla, intrarenal arteries and regions in the outer medulla corresponding to vasa recta bundles. Binding sites were also identified in the smooth muscle lining of the hilar region in the bovine and rat kidney. 3. In the rat, [125I]-rANP1-28 binding was inhibited by unlabelled peptide sequences with a rank order of potency (rANP1-28 > pCNP1-22 > C-ANP4-23). The glomeruli exhibited a heterogeneous population of binding sites, C-ANP4-23 and pCNP1-22 producing a significantly better fit to a two component inhibition curve compared to the single component curve for rANP1-28. 4. Competitive inhibition experiments with the receptor selective ligands, C-ANP4-23 and HS-142-1, suggested that, like the rat, human and bovine glomeruli possessed a heterogeneous population of binding sites, whilst those in the inner medulla and intrarenal arteries of all three species represented a homogeneous population. Rat glomeruli exhibited a high proportion (>80%) of the NPRc receptor subtype whereas in human and bovine glomeruli this receptor represented less than 20% of the total population, the majority of binding sites being HS-142-1-sensitive.5. C-ANP4-23 exhibited a significantly higher inhibitory potency for binding sites in rat glomeruli compared to those in human and bovine kidney whilst HS-142-1 was significantly more potent in the rat and bovine kidney compared to man. No evidence was found to suggest the presence of a renal NPRBreceptor subtype.6. The relative density, affinity and proportion of natriuretic receptor subtypes in the kidney exhibit significant species differences. HS-142-1 may be a valuable tool in further elucidating the localization and function of these receptors, but heterogeneity between species should be considered when selecting experimental models.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

New approach to the cultivation of methanogenic bacteria: 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (HS-CoM)-dependent growth of Methanobacterium ruminantium in a pressureized atmosphere.

The sensitivity of the requirement of Methanobacterium ruminantium strain M1 to a new coenzyme, 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (HS-CoM) was examined by use of new techniques that were developed for rapid and efficient handling of large numbers of cultures of methanogenic bacteria. The system uses sealed tubes that contain a gas mixture of 80% hydrogen and 20% carbon dioxide under a pressure of 2 to 3 atm. This modification of the Hungate technique reduces variability among replicate cultures and simplifies the dispensing, sterilization, and storage of liquid media as well as the transfer and maintenance of methanogenic bacteria. Results indicate a limit of sensitivity of the assay at 5 nM HS-CoM, with half-maximal growth at 25 nM HS-CoM. Coenzyme activity could be replaced by 2,2'-dithiodiethanesulfonic acid at a half-molar equivalent of the HS-CoM concentration, or by 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonic acid on an equimolar basis. These data reveal a very sensitive and precise requirement for HS-CoM in the nutrition of this fastidious anaerobe.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1997

Sulfide acquisition by the vent worm Riftia pachyptila appears to be via uptake of HS-, rather than H2S.

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are home to a variety of invertebrate species, many of which host chemosynthetic bacteria in unusual symbiotic arrangements. The vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila (Vestimentifera) relies upon internal chemolithoautotrophic bacterial symbionts to support its large size and high growth rates. Because of this, R. pachyptila must supply sulfide to the bacteria, which are far removed from the external medium. Internal H2S ([H2S+HS-+S2-]) can reach very high levels in R. pachyptila (2-12mmoll-1 in the vascular blood), most of which is bound to extracellular hemoglobins. The animal can potentially take up sulfide from the environment via H2S diffusion or via mediated uptake of HS-, or both. It was expected that H2S diffusion would be the primary sulfide acquisition mechanism, paralleling the previously demonstrated preferential uptake of CO2. Our data show, however, that the uptake of HS- is the primary mechanism used by R. pachyptila to obtain sulfide and that H2S diffusion into the worm apparently proceeds at a much slower rate than expected. This unusual mechanism may have evolved because HS- is less toxic than H2S and because HS- uptake decouples sulfide and inorganic carbon acquisition. The latter occurs via the diffusion of CO2 at very high rates due to the maintenance of an alkaline extracellular fluid pH. H2S accumulation is limited, however, to sulfide that can be bound by the hemoglobins, protecting the animal from sulfide toxicity and the symbionts from sulfide inhibition of carbon fixation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Establishment and characterization of a new human synovial sarcoma cell line, HS-SY-II.

BACKGROUND: The line of differentiation in synovial sarcoma still remains controversial. Thus far, only a few human synovial sarcoma cell lines have been described. However, their morphologic characteristics have not been fully established. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We established a new synovial sarcoma cell line (HS-SY-II) from pleural effusion with lung metastasis in a typical example of the monophasic spindle cell type. The HS-SY-II cells, in vitro and in vivo, were examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and cytogenetics. RESULTS: The HS-SY-II cells showed a hypertriploid karyotype with complex chromosome abnormalities including pathognomonic t(X;18)(p11;q11), and have been stably maintained for more than 40 months in vitro, showing rather small spindle or polygonal shape without conspicuous pleomorphism. Histologic features of initially and serially transplanted tumors in nude mice were essentially the same as those of the original sarcoma, corresponding to the monophasic spindle cell variant with a prominent palisading pattern and calcified foci in parts. The HS-SY-II cells in vitro and in vivo similarly expressed vimentin and cytokeratin by immunohistochemistry, and also exhibit the same ultrastructural features such as irregularly shaped nuclei with prominent nucleoli, many paranuclearly running intermediate filaments, and filopodia-like processes. CONCLUSIONS: This HS-SY-II cell line retaining the distinct morphological characteristics as the monophasic spindle cell type of synovial sarcoma therefore will be extremely useful for various pathomorphologic investigations on synovial sarcoma.

Cytological Techniques↗
PubMed2006

Relationship between hs-CRP, proMMP-1, TIMP-1 and coronary plaque morphology: intravascular ultrasound study.

BACKGROUND: Rupture of unstable plaque with subsequent thrombus formation is the common pathophysiological substrate of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is of potential significance to explore the blood indexes predicting plaque characteristics. Little studies have focused on this field. Therefore we investigated the relationship between hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), pro-matrix metalloproteinase-1 (proMMP-1), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and coronary plaque morphology. METHODS: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination was done in 152 patients with confirmed coronary heart disease before percutaneous coronary intervention from February 2003 to July 2005. Plasma samples of arterial blood were collected prior to the procedure. The level of hs-CRP, proMMP-1 and TIMP-1 were respectively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Unstable and ruptured plaque were found more frequently in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. External elastic membrane cross-sectional area (EEM CSA), plaque area, lipid pool area and plaque burden were significantly larger in ruptured and unstable plaque group. Positive remolding, thinner fabric-cap, smaller minimal lumen cross-sectional area (MLA), dissection and thrombus were significantly more frequent in ruptured and unstable plaque group. The levels of plasma hs-CRP, proMMP-1 and TIMP-1 were higher in ruptured plaque group. hs-CRP > 8.94 mg/L was used to predict ruptured plaque with a ROC curve area of 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI), 67.0% - 85.8%], sensitivity of 71.8%, specificity of 77.0% and accuracy of 69.2% (P < 0.01), similarly for proMMP-1 > 0.12 ng/ml with a ROC curve area of 0.69 [95% CI, 58.2% - 80.2%], sensitivity of 69.2%, specificity of 75.2% and accuracy of 66.2% (P < 0.01), and TIMP-1 > 83.45 ng/ml with a ROC curve area of 0.67 [95% CI, 56.2% - 78.3%], sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 61.9% and accuracy of 66.2% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The plaque characteristics correlate with the clinical presentation. The elevation of hs-CRP, proMMP-1 and TIMP-1 are related to the plaque instability and rupture.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Establishment and characterization of a cell line, HS-Os-1 derived from an osteoblastic type of human osteosarcoma].

A new human cell line, HS-Os-1, derived from a case of osteoblastic osteosarcoma arising in the humerus of an 11-year-old girl was established. Light microscopically, HS-Os-1 cells growing in a monolayer (in vitro) were pleomorphic, intermingled with a few multinucleated giant ones, and positive with alkaline phosphatase reaction. In the transplanted tumors in athymic nude mice (in vivo), atypical spindle or polygonal cells densely proliferated with prominent osteoid formation and even calcification. HS-Os-1 cells, both in vitro and in vivo, were mostly positive for vimentin and a few for S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally, HS-Os-1 cells in vitro and in vivo also revealed essentially the same features as the eccentrically located, euchromatin-rich nuclei with prominent nucleoli, a lot of well-developed, irregularly-dilated rough endoplasmic reticula, polysomes and microfilaments in the cytoplasm. Namely, HS-Os-1 cells fully expressed and possessed morphological characteristics as osteoblastic nature during the cultivation and heterotransplantation. This cell line, therefore, proved to be extremely useful to search for human osteosarcomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Establishment and characterization of a human cell line, HS-MM, derived from a case of clear cell sarcoma].

The characteristics of a new human clear cell sarcoma (CCSa) cell line, HS-MM, established from the pleural effusion in a 39-year-old man with lung metastasis, have been morphologically studied in vitro and in vivo. HS-MM cells growing on a cover-slip were round or spindle in shape with round nuclei containing extremely prominent nucleoli. Heterotransplantation of the cells into nude mice was easily succeeded following tumor development. Light microscopically, HS-MM cells, both in vitro and in vivo, were positive for anti-S-100 protein and anti-melanoma specific antibodies with immunostain, but no melanin pigment was detected in them. Ultrastructurally, the cells had round euchromatin-rich nuclei with large nucleoli revealing conspicuous nucleolonema, and contained a few mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal dense bodies, besides a large amount of glycogen, but no melanosome in their cytoplasm. HS-MM cells retained and fully expressed morphologically unique characteristics as a CCSa, compatible with amelanotic type of malignant melanoma also. This cell line, HS-MM, therefore, proves to be extremely useful for clinicopathological studies on a CCSa.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Targeted inactivation of the major positive regulatory element (HS-40) of the human alpha-globin gene locus.

We have examined the role of the major positive upstream regulatory element of the human alpha-globin gene locus (HS-40) in its natural chromosomal context. Using homologous recombination, HS-40 was replaced by a neo marker gene in a mouse erythroleukemia hybrid cell line containing a single copy of human chromosome 16. In clones from which HS-40 had been deleted, human alpha-globin gene expression was severely reduced, although basal levels of alpha 1 and alpha 2-globin mRNA expression representing less than 3% of the level in control cell lines were detected. Deletion of the neo marker gene, by using FLP recombinase/FLP recombinase target system, proved that the phenotype observed was not caused by the regulatory elements of this marker gene. In the targeted clones, deletion of HS-40 apparently does not affect long-range or local chromatin structure at the alpha promoters. Therefore, these results indicate that, in the experimental system used, HS-40 behaves as a strong inducible enhancer of human alpha-globin gene expression.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1988

Modifications of concanavalin A patterns of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and alpha 2-HS glycoprotein in alcoholic liver disease.

In order to test whether abnormalities in hepatocytes affect the glycoprotein carbohydrate moiety, crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis (CIAE) with Concanavalin A (Con A) was used to study serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) and alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (alpha 2-HS) obtained from alcoholic patients with biopsy-proven liver disease. Cirrhotic patients, placed in groups C1, C2 or C3, according to Pugh's classification, were compared to healthy donors (N) and to steatosic non-cirrhotic patients (S). Con A CIAE patterns revealed in group N three subpopulations for alpha 2-HS and four for alpha 1-AGP. Two main results emerged from this study: (1) in the alcoholic groups, the proportions of Con A-unreactive subpopulations of both glycoproteins increased. Moreover, group N could be separated from group S and group S from all the cirrhotic groups. (2) There was a good correlation between the relative amounts in Con A-unreactive subpopulations of alpha 1-AGP and alpha 2-HS. The increases observed in Con A-unreactive subpopulations are probably a general phenomenon related to alterations in glycosylation processing during liver cell damage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein levels in children with protein-energy malnutrition and infections.

Serum alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein levels were studied, using the single-radial immunodiffusion method, in 39 severely malnourished children (22 kwashiorkor, 17 marasmus) of whom 15 (8 kwashiorkor, 7 marasmus) were infected and 24 (14 kwashiorkor, 10 marasmus) had no signs of infection. Thirty-two well-nourished children, 16 of whom were infected, served as controls. The uninfected controls had higher serum alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein levels than the uninfected kwashiorkor (82.0 +/- 14.7; 57.0 +/- 15.8; p less than 0.001) and marasmic children (82.0 +/- 14.7; 45.0 +/- 13.9; p less than 0.001). Infection was associated with a significant decrease in the mean serum alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein levels in the well-nourished (82.0 +/- 14.7; 57.0 +/- 7.7; p less than 0.001) and kwashiorkor (57.0 +/- 15.8; 34.0 +/- 20.4; p less than 0.02) children, while no such decrease was observed in the marasmic children. While the mean serum glycoprotein level in the infected controls was higher than that in the infected kwashiorkor children (57.0 +/- 7.7; 34.0 +/- 20.4; p less than 0.02), it was comparable to that in the infected marasmic children (57.0 +/- 7.7; 50.0 +/- 11.6; p greater than 0.05). Furthermore, the mean alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein level in the infected malnourished children was higher in marasmus than in kwashiorkor (50.0 +/- 11.6; 34.0 +/- 20.4; p greater than 0.05); this difference was, however, not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Proteins↗