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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

History of recurrent sore throat as an indication for tonsillectomy. Predictive limitations of histories that are undocumented.

As part of a prospective study of indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, we followed closely 65 children with histories of recurrent throat infection that seemed impressive (at least seven episodes in one year, five in each of two consecutive years or three in each of three consecutive years), but lacked documentation. During the first year of observation, only 11 children (17 per cent) had episodes of throat infection with clinical features and patterns of frequency conforming to those described in their presenting histories. Of the remaining 54 children, 43 (80 per cent) experienced no, one or two observed episodes each, and most of the episodes were mild. We conclude that undocumented histories of recurrent throat infection do not validly forecast subsequent experience and hence do not constitute an adequate basis for subjecting children to tonsillectomy.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Platelet monoamine oxidase B in family history positive and family history negative type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects.

AIMS AND METHODS: In the present study platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity was investigated in 76 male type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects with and without a family history of alcoholism. RESULTS: Platelet MAO-B activity did not differ between family history positive (FHP) and family history negative alcohol-dependent subjects. The smoking status of the subjects was registered and there was still no difference between the groups when possible effects of smoking were taken into account. It should, however, be noted that platelet MAO-B activity was lower in alcohol-dependent subjects with three or four alcohol-dependent first-degree relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Although this latter finding should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of subjects, it cannot be excluded that FHP alcohol-dependent subjects with a large number of alcohol-dependent first-degree relatives may have lower platelet MAO-B activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 5. The clinical features and natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

We report a natural history study of 216 patients with primary progressive (PP)- multiple sclerosis defined by at least 1 year of exacerbation-free progression at onset. This represents 19.8% of a largely population-based patient cohort having a mean longitudinal follow-up of 23 years. This subgroup of PP-multiple sclerosis patients had a mean age of onset of 38.5 years, with females predominating by a ratio of 1.3:1.0. The rate of deterioration from disease onset was substantially more rapid than for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, with a median time to disability status score (DSS) 6 and DSS 8 of 8 and 18 years, respectively. Forty-nine percent of patients were followed through to death. Examination of the early disease course revealed two groups with adverse prognostic profiles. Firstly, a shorter time to reach DSS 3 from onset of PP-multiple sclerosis significantly adversely influenced time to DSS 8. Second, involvement of three or more neurological systems at onset resulted in a median time to DSS 10 of 13.5 years in contrast to PP-multiple sclerosis patients with one system involved at onset where median time to death from multiple sclerosis was 33.2 years. However, age, gender and type of neurological system involved at onset appeared to have little influence on prognosis. Life expectancy, cause of mortality and familial history profile were similar in PP-multiple sclerosis and non-PP-multiple sclerosis (all other multiple sclerosis patients from the total population). From clinical onset, rate of progression was faster in the PP-multiple sclerosis group than in the secondary progressive (SP)-multiple sclerosis group. When the rates of progression from onset of the progressive phase to DSS 6, 8 and 10 were compared, SP-multiple sclerosis had a more rapid progressive phase. A substantial minority (28%) of the PP-multiple sclerosis cohort had a distinct relapse even decades after onset of progressive deterioration. These studies establish natural history outcomes for the subgroup of multiple sclerosis patients with primary progressive disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cognitive performance of alcoholics: a longitudinal evaluation of the role of drinking history, depression, liver function, nutrition, and family history.

To assess the role of drinking history, depression, liver function, nutrition, and family history on cognitive performance, 171 detoxified male alcoholics were administered a brief neuropsychological examination at admission and discharge from an inpatient treatment program and at a 3-month follow-up evaluation. Regression analyses showed that at admission, depression and liver function were significant predictors of neuropsychological performance, whereas at discharge 3 to 4 weeks later only age and an estimate of premorbid intelligence were significant predictors. At the 3-month follow-up, estimates of drinking following discharge and severity of depressive symptoms were major significant predictors of neuropsychological performance. Indices of drinking prior to admission to the treatment program, nutrition, and family history for alcoholism did not predict performance on any of the three test occasions. These findings indicate that in addition to the chronic neurotoxic effect of alcohol a number of different medical and psychiatric factors, as well as the acute effects of alcohol, contribute to the cognitive scores of patients at various points in the clinical course.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The natural history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the use of natural history controls in therapeutic trials.

We analyzed the natural history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in 277 patients. Our goal was to develop a better understanding of the clinical disease and thus improve the design of therapeutic trials. The Tufts Quantitative Neuromuscular Exam (TQNE) was used as the primary assessment instrument. Our analysis suggested that although more observations are desirable, six monthly TQNEs were adequate to establish the rate of disease progression. We observed a spectrum of deterioration rates without definable subgroups. The striking linearity of deterioration was confirmed. We found a high correlation between deterioration rates in arm and leg strength for individual patients, but a wide range between different patients. Sex and the age at clinical onset did not affect the deterioration rate. As compared with patients without a positive family history, those with other affected family members had a slower loss in arm but not leg strength. We propose that natural history controls can be used effectively in the design of ALS therapeutic trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[An autopsy case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex with family history and living history in the Kii Peninsula focus].

The patient was 68 year-old woman with an 8-year history of parkinsonism which was followed by psychiatric symptoms and neurogenic amyotrophy 5 years after the onset. She had a family history of parkinsonism associated with dementia in all of her three siblings. They grew up in Hobara village, a focus of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the Kii Peninsula of Japan, in their childhood. Their parents were neither consanguineous nor natives of the Kii Peninsula. The brain weight was 1,040 g, and there were mild frontal lobe atrophy, moderate atrophy of pes hippocampi, decoloration of the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus, and anterior spinal root atrophy. The microscopic examinations revealed degeneration of CA 1 portion of the hippocampus to parahippocampal gyrus, substantia nigra, locus ceruleus and spinal anterior horn with Bunina body. The spinal pyramidal tracts also degenerated mildly. The neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) were observed in the cerebral cortex, especially in the cortices through hippocampus to lateral occipitotemporal gyri, basal nucleus of Meynert, basal ganglia, thalamus, substantia nigra and widespread regions of the central nervous system through the brainstem to the spinal cord including the nucleus of Onufrowicz. In spite of a few amount of the senile plaques in the cerebral cortex and Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus, abundant NFT distributed mainly in the third layer of the cerebral cortex, which is the characteristic finding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism-dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) in the island of Guam. Thus this was verified ALS/PDC case outside the Guam island. The high incidence of neurological disease in her siblings and their history of living in the focus region in childhood suggest the genetic factor of ALS/PDC which is sensitive to certain environmental agents in the early stage of the life.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Nicotine is more reinforcing in smokers with a past history of alcoholism than in smokers without this history.

BACKGROUND: Whether smokers with a past history (PH) but not current history of alcohol dependence are more nicotine dependent than smokers with no such history (NH) is unclear. The present study was an experimental test of this hypothesis. METHOD: Twenty PH and 10 NH smokers abstained from smoking for 16 hr on each of 4 days. On each of 3 days, participants received three doses per day of 0, 2, or 4 mg nicotine gum in a within-subjects, randomized, double-blind, crossover design. To examine subjective effects, participants completed the Profile of Mood States, Addiction Research Inventory, and other ratings before and after each dose. To examine nicotine reinforcement, participants reported preference among the gums, reported on money versus gum choices, and, on the 4th day, underwent a double-blind self-administration test. RESULTS: Across the 21 subjective measures, with one exception, PH and NH smokers did not differ in subjective response to nicotine. However, across all three reinforcement measures, nicotine was a more potent reinforcer in PH than NH smokers. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a behavioral mechanism to explain prior findings that PH smokers are more nicotine dependent than NH smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Synergic effects on primary hepatocellular cancer between history of hepatitis B, family histories of cancers and psychosocial factors].

To study the risk factors of primary hepatocellular cancer (PHC) and their interactions, a case-control study with calculated odds ratios(OR) and synergy effects index(SI) was conducted. The history of hepatitis B, family histories of cancers and psychosocial factors were main risk factors of PHC, and their effects were positive and synergic. The SI between hepatitis B and family histories of cancers, psychosocial factors are 1.65 and 1.16 respectively.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical significant correlation between to the onset of bronchial asthma in children and family history of allergic diseases. Part 1. Comparison of various allergic diseases in the family history and onset of bronchial asthma in children].

Two hundred and forty seven asthmatic and 246 non-asthmatic children were evaluated in order to find out the relationship between onset of asthma, family history of allergic diseases (FH) and environmental factors. The results are as it follows. Child with asthmatic symptoms shows high total serum IgE levels with/without FH. Asthma occurs significantly often with FH than without FH. There is no significant difference in onset of asthma between father and mother. Child has more asthma when either father or mother has asthma than allergic rhinitis. We concluded that family history of allergic diseases especially asthma is asthmogenic and environmental factors work as aggravating but not asthmogenic factors. The specific IgE is influenced by condition of the sensitization than family history of allergic diseases.

Asthma↗
PubMed1996

[History of menstruation--an aspect of the medical history of the woman].

The understanding of menstruation as well as the image of women have much changed in the course of history. This development, as reflected by the views of the Old Testament (Leviticus), of Hippocrates and Aristoteles, its characterization in the books of Hildegard of Bingen and of Paracelsus, its description in the Renaissance and the 18th century, is followed up to our modern times.

Female↗
PubMed2003

[The centennial of oxygen-therapy (1902 - 2002) -- reassessing its history. Part II: The contributions of the "Roth-Draeger anaesthesia apparatus" (1902) and other inventions of 100 years of Draeger-Medical-Technology (1902-2002) to the history of truly "therapeutic" application of oxygen].

This is the second part of a survey which analyses the history of inhalative oxygen therapy and its interactions with the history of anaesthesiology. Specific emphasis is put here on illustrating inventions of modern pressure gas technology such as pressure reducing valves. These enabled Draeger Inc. to be the first firm to develop and trade on a large scale technically convincing products allowing a rational, therapeutic application of oxygen. Especially Draeger anaesthesia apparatus (e. g. the "Roth-Draeger Anaesthesia Apparatus") and respiratory protective devices, which were available from 1902, proved also internationally successful from the very beginning. In the international historiography on inhalative oxygen therapy, however, these contributions have to our knowledge so far never been systematically considered. Consequently, J. S. Haldane (1860 - 1936) is regarded there to have "founded" of modern oxygen therapy in 1917. Critically reviewing this earlier research, we propose a historical reassessment, concluding that the year 1902 was the historically decisive "turning point" towards the development of modern oxygen therapy.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1995

[An ancient surgical set in the history of medicine museum at the medical history and ethics department at Cerrahpaşa Medical School].

The present head of the Department of Medical History and Ethics, Prof. Dr. Nil Sari founded a museum for the history of medicine within the Department. A set of surgical instruments, granted by Prof. Dr. M. Kemal Oke and Prof. Dr. Fuat Kâmil Berksan to the Department, is studied in this article. The set, all made of bronze, and dating approximately back to the IVth century B.C. consists of four bistouries, two pincets, two bone catheters, a cauterization instrument, a spatula, curettage instrument and an unidentified piece. They do not have any trace of corrosion. No sign, badge or stamp can be detected on the instruments. Apparently they have not been used much. The skilfull handicraft, harmonious and excellent style of the set suggest that they might have been produced by an artist or in accordance with the description of a master surgeon. Presence of a pincet for eye surgery suggests that the owner might have been an ophtalmologist. Since the granters had not given any clue of the site they were discovered, it is hard to determine where or by whom the set was made.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMed1993

[History and psychoanalysis: the stakes of history].

Freud's definition of the relationship between hypnosis and psychoanalysis is a political one that even then pointed to the paradigmatical sciences as defined by Kuhn. Nevertheless, the historian who applies to psychoanalysis the technique of symetry elaborated for such sciences, runs up against a set of singularities that risk bringing him to a position of denouncer of a "fake science". We emphasize that, if the historian does not limit himself to the positivist position or to the history of ideas, he will inevitably find himself engaged in the history that he is analyzing, but with the responsibility of his mode of engagement. We propose to define hypnosis and psychoanalysis as fields inhabited by the question of science in the modern sense of the term, and raising the issue of pertinence, as far as they are concerned, of the theoretical experimental model that guided them.

Historiography↗
PubMed1996

[The history of journalism in Spain (I). Brief history of scientific-medical journalism in Spain and the impact of urologists on its establishment and development].

The history of Spanish medical publications runs parallel with the history of Spanish Medicine. The 18th century witnessed the development of the scientific press in Europe. During this period, leading Spanish physicians established 11 periodicals, some of which continue to be published and are ranked among the oldest in the continent. However, the social, political and military turmoil in Spain during the period spanning 1800-1834, led to the decline of Spanish Medicine and consequently, of Spanish medical literature. With the liberal changes of the mid-19th century, and as a consequence of doctors' returning from exile, the Spanish scientific press resumed its activity with renewed vigour and more than 700 new journals were established up to 1905. During this period of unequalled expansion, which reached its apex in the 20th century, the specialized medical journals that developed in the late 19th century had a notable influence that grew as the medical and surgical specialties became more defined. Those dedicated to the diseases of the genitourinary system appeared during this period. There were 6 journals by 1903 and 7 more were established until the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936. The specific contribution of the Spanish urologists in the past and present centuries to the promotion and permanence of the medical publications in general and the urological in particular has yet to be elucidated.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1999

Landscape and history: a multidisciplinary approach. Project Group Environmental History (P.G.E.H.).

Human societies have inhabited parts of the Central European country of Austria for thousands of years. The development process shopping the landscape by this long period of human impact remains poorly understood. The present study is an attempt to research landscape history on a local scale and compares an alpine, pre-alpine and midland-village area in Austria. We have developed an appropriate concept to describe the landscape ecology features of the study areas in several stages of the past from 1733 on. The landscape analysis is based on the interpretation of different kinds of historical data (e.g., documents, maps) going back to the pre-industrial epoch, which has--at least in terms of landscape ecology--hardly been accessible until now. An important aim of the study is to localize the historical information in the landscape. Individual plots can be traced back even to the early 14th century. Based on the quality of the available historical data, the historical landscape is analysed with regard to categories such as form and intensity of land use, distribution of nutrients and water as well as the pattern of landscape elements and their ecological functions. The comparison of present stages with former ones yields detailed knowledge on the dynamics and stability of landscape structure. This approach allows present-day land units to be identified as a result of long-term development going back to Medieval times. The primary aim of the study is to analyze factors that bring about change or resist it by creating stability. We therefore examine factors coupling landscape structure, agricultural production and population development. For this reason, we have studied the people and the evidence for their labor over a period of 400 years (1400-1800). Besides demographic data of the 18th and 19th century, historical registrar material has been collected; it enabled the land tenures to be reconstructed from the 15th to the 19th century. This type of data is a valuable source of information for investigating the socio-economic status of a local population or its farmsteads. The collected data reveal similarities in trends between time series of demography, land holding stability and landscape ecology features. A theoretical model shows how population, production and natural resources are connected in the investigated pre-modern communities.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1990

[The history of dandruff and dandruff in history. A homage to Raymond Sabouraud].

In one of his books, written at the beginning of this century, Raymond Sabouraud devotes some 280 pages to the history of dandruff. Their reading illustrates how, from the Greeks to Sabouraud's era, this desquamative disease has been subjected to endless doctrinal and scientific conflicts, long before the so-called "present" controversies. One of the early conflicts, between Celsus and Galen, lies in the nature of the squames, i. e. dry or exudating, leading to the inclusion (or non inclusion) or pityriasis in the group of desquamative diseases, such as psoriasis or ichytosis. Translated into Latin (furfur, porrigo) and into Arabic, the word pityriasis was replaced in the Middle Age by tinea which then referred to any disease of the human scalp. With Plenk, Lorry, Willan and others, the 18th century brought a new attitude of mind where observation took precedence over doctrine, but owing to the lack of experimental approach there was no adequate description of the squames and their anatomical origin. This was the case with Hebra who, in the 19th century, claimed that dandruff was nothing but a sebaceous disease. This major turn resulted for decades in a confusion between dandruff and seborrhoea. In the late 19th century, bacteriological studies were decisive steps taken by Rivolta, Malassez and Sabouraud. The presence on scalps affected with dandruff of a bottle-shaped "fungus" (Pityrosporum ovale was initially not regarded as a yeast) was taken as being the definite cause of the disease. The Sabouraud dogma was born, but as early as 1877 it was denied by Vidal who observed these "spores" on healthy scalps.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dermatology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The assessment of trauma history in women with co-occurring substance abuse and mental disorders and a history of interpersonal violence.

The Women, Co-occurring Disorders, and Violence Study (WCDVS) was a large (N = 2729) multisite study of the effectiveness of integrated and trauma-informed services for women with substance use and mental health disorders and a history of interpersonal violence (physical or sexual abuse). Study participants' exposure to lifetime and current traumatic events was assessed at baseline and follow-up via in-person interviews. This article describes the choice of the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSC-R) to assess trauma history to meet the WCDVS's research aims and to respond to consumer input. Quantitative data address the breadth and prevalence of potentially traumatic events in the past and current lives of study participants, the formation and properties of summary measures, and test-retest reliability. Qualitative data address tolerance of the instrument by interviewers and respondents and the generalizability of quantitative findings about trauma prevalence. Finally, recommendations are offered for improvements to the WCDVS version of the LSC-R for use in future research.

Adolescent↗