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PubMed2004

[Practical significance of sonographic type IIa of dysplastic hip joint according to Graf's classifications].

Hip joint assessment in newborns and neonates is currently performed with ultrasonography due to the high degree of sensitivity and specificity of this technology as compared to the usual radiography. Measuring the alpha and beta angles is indicative in assessing the hip joint. The alpha angle represents the bony acetabular components and the beta angle represents the cartilaginous roof. According to Graf's classifications, type IIa is subdivided into two subgroups; type IIa- and IIa+. This study examined the need for following-up on these hip joints in newborn and neonate. The study population included the newborns and neonates born in our facility between the period 1/1/1999 to 1/4/2002. We routinely screened 10,432 newborns both clinically and ultrasonographically. This included a total of 20,862 hip joints, of which 915 were pathological according to Graf's classifications. Type IIa was diagnosed in 232 newborns and a total of 330 hip joints. The follow-up examinations were performed at 6 and 12 weeks of age, and at six months of age. Each follow-up visit included clinical and sonographic evaluation and alpha angle measuring. The incidence of type IIa was 1.6% of all hips and 36.9% of the pathological hip joints. These joints were divided into two subgroups. Group A included 254 hip joints among 156 newborns, 116 girls [74.3%] and 40 boys [25.6%]. Group A members had bilateral or unilateral type IIa hip joints. In the latter case, the other joint was type I-normal. Group B included 76 hip joints among 76 newborns, 72 girls [94.5%] and four boys [5.5%]. Group B members had one type IIa hip joint and a second more severely graded hip joint. Follow-up only was required in 88% of the type IIa hip joints and 12% were treated using Pavlik's method. Surprisingly, all the joints with unilateral type IIa hips developed into normal or type I by six months of age without treatment, independent of the alpha angle value, and the pathology on the opposite side.

Female↗
PubMed1975

[Total joint surfact replacement in the hip joint. Preliminary communication].

A method of joint surface replacement for the operative correction of severe osteoarthrosis of the hip joint is described. This type of surface replacement has obvious advantages especially in the younger age group. From experience with homogenous carilage transplants in which only the joint cartilage surfaces are transplanted, the method described offers hope of good results. The important advantage of surface replacement is the fact that the substance of the neck and head of femur are not removed. Therefore all alternative future procedures remain available if necessary. Accurate assessment of this method will require more prolonged follow up.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2001

The genetic contribution to hip joint morphometry and relationship to hip cartilage thickness.

A twin study approach was used to explore the genetic determinants of hip joint morphometry and their relationship to hip cartilage thickness. Our analysis used data on anthropometric characteristics and radiographic features of a group of 222 monozygotic (MZ) and 240 dizygotic (DZ) twins. We confirmed that genetic factors account for most of the variation in minimal joint space (MJS) and acetabular anatomy. This genetic variation was largely due to factors unique to MJS itself and not explained by anthropometric variables or measurements of acetabular morphology. Only a small proportion was shared with genetic factors underlying acetabular shape, mainly the centre edge angle.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effects of traction, distension, and joint position on distraction of the hip joint: an experimental study in cadavers.

PURPOSE: To quantify the effects of traction alone and in combination with distension of air in different joint positions in order to find out the conditions for adequate distraction of the hip joint with minimal traction force. TYPE OF STUDY: Experimental cadaver study. METHODS: Eight cadaver hip joints were studied. The cadavers were placed supine on a fracture table and traction was applied in different joint positions for flexion and abduction with and without distension using air. For the measurement, the joint space between the acetabulum and femoral head was separated by 4 different lines characterizing the lateral margin of the acetabulum, the superior portions of the lunate cartilage, and the acetabular fossa. RESULTS: At all measurement lines, distraction of the hip was significantly better when traction and distension were combined. At traction forces from 250 to 300 N, traction plus distension resulted in a 1.59- to 2.25-fold increase of joint distraction compared to traction alone. The maximum effect of distension was achieved between 200 and 250 N. Up to traction forces of 250 N, the joint vacuum force counted for more than half of the total resistance. The effects of flexion and abduction on distraction of the hip were smaller. A trend for better distraction was found for 20 degrees of flexion and a significantly better distraction by avoiding abduction. CONCLUSIONS: High traction forces by breakage of the joint seal can be avoided by distension using air. The passive resistance of the soft tissues increases at higher traction forces. Slight flexion without abduction showed further increase of joint distraction. Reducing the amount of traction may possibly reduce the risk of soft tissue perineal and neurologic injuries.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[An assistant artificial hip joint].

The assistant artificial hip joint (AAHJ) is a new impermanent hip support implanted in the body. It is used for treatment of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head at the early stage. It reserves the natural femoral head, increases its containment and decreases its load, thus makes the recovery of the necrosed femoral head. The AAHJ's moving axis center is the same as that of the femoral head. Therefore, the moving range of the hip joint is very close to the normal postoperatively. The patient can walk with loading in 3 weeks after the surgical operation, and can regain his (or her) daily work and life in 2 to 3 months of the operation. The AAHJ's structure is simple and the price is cheap.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pelvic presentation of a hip joint ganglion: a case report.

Ganglia may be found near any joint. The hip joint is one location where these lesions have been reported. In most instances the ganglia found around the hip are small, deep-seated, and not palpable. Palpable ganglia are commonly larger and present as a groin mass. We report a ganglion cyst that was not palpable due to its intrapelvic location.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Initial experience with the Steel triple osteotomy in the treatment of arthrosis of the hip joint as a result of congenital hip dysplasia].

The age of the patients was 18 to 40 years (mean age 32 years), the interval after operation was 5 months to 3 years (mean 17 months). In all 8 patients proper covering of the head was achieved, CE angle 25-45 degrees, mean gain of CE angle 35 degrees. The X-ray picture revealed widening of the articular space and reabsorption of arthritic pseudocysts. As regards the clinical picture, marked regression of complaints was recorded. Osteotomy of the pelvis according to Steele prolongs the vitality of the hip joint: a) by increasing the contact surface in the hip joint, b) by shifting the till then minimally burdened and thus minimally usurated cartilage into the zone of the main burdening, c) the usurated cartilage, on the other hand, is shifted beyond this zone. Moreover, osteotomy of the pelvis prepares a bed for anchoring of the cup of a possible future prosthesis. The above facts are advantages, as compared with different types of osteotomies of the femur, which moreover may in future cause further complications of the implantation of the femoral component of the artificial joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Spasm of the adductor muscles, pre-dislocation and dislocations of the hip joints in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Clinical observations on aetiology, pathogenesis, therapy and rehabilitation. Part I: The effect of open myotenotomy of the gracilis muscle and of the long and short adductor muscles in connection with total extrapelvine resection of the obturator nerve, on the hip joints and static function (author's transl)].

Spasm and contraction of the adductor muscles involve, on the one hand, danger in respect of the development of a dislocation of the hip, and are a serious impediment to a walking ability on the other. Hence, surgery is often necessary. The article reports on the results of consequent weakening of the adductor muscles as a result of open myotenotomy in association with complete extrapelvine resection of the obturator nerve. 27 patients were subjected to surgery--in most cases bilaterally--at an age between 2 years and 5 months and 18 years, with a follow-up period of up to 15 years. The study does not include patients with spastic dislocation of the hip in whom this method was applied on the non-dislocated side and on the dislocated side in combination with iliopsoas tenotomy. This method makes it possible to achieve regression of existing defective positions of the hip joints. In a few cases, the valgus position of the neck of the femur was corrected to some extent. In two patients it was not possible to prevent the progress of a developing dislocation of the hip. These results show that, whereas the adductor muscles represent an essential factor for the occurrence of a spastic dislocation of the hip, other forces are most probably also involved. In the majority of cases, results were favourable in respect of the static function, although in some cases the success became evident after several years only, especially in mentally retarded patients and in apathetic individuals. Important for therapeutic success is the follow-up. The principles of its therapy are thoroughly discussed. Surgery is indicated only in special cases. Indications must be observed very strictly, since the risk of excessive weakening of the adductor muscles should not be underestimated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[MR arthrography of the hip joint].

MR arthrography of the hip joint is usually performed after a conventional MRI has been obtained to rule out other pathologies of the hip joint as for instance bone marrow edema or osteonecrosis of the hip. MR arthrography is mainly performed as a very special investigation, and it is executed in most cases if the clinician asks for the diagnosis of a labral lesion. In very rare cases, MR arthrography of the hip is performed to image cartilage disease or osteochondrosis dissecans or free intraarticular bodies. In this paper, the indications, the technique, and the most important pathology of the hip joint--labral lesions--will be described as well as variants of the normal acetabular labrum. After a conventional MRI of the hip joint has been performed, a MR arthrography of the hip will be obtained to search for labral pathology or cartilage disease. MR arthrography is obtained after the intraarticular injection of 10-20 ml of a 0.1 mmol solution of gadopentate-dimeglumine has been performed. The intraarticular injection can either be fluoroscopic-guided or CT-guided or directly MR-guided. After the intraarticular injection, MR arthrography will be performed by the use of paracoronal and parasagittal T1-weighted spin echo or gradient echo sequences. In cases of labral lesions (degeneration, labral tear, labral detachment) or cartilage disease MR arthrography proved to be more sensitive as conventional MRI as shown in the literature. The sensitivity of MRI to detect labral pathology was reported to be about 65%, and that of MR arthrography was reported to be about 92-95% compared to surgical results. According to the current literature, MR arthrography is the most sensitive method to delineate these kind of pathologies. Therefore, the invasive technique of MR arthrography may be justified for the correct diagnosis of these kind of pathologies after other pathologic entities have been ruled out by conventional MRI.

Acetabulum↗