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PubMed1993

P1-antigen-containing avian egg whites as inhibitors of P adhesins among wild-type Escherichia coli strains from patients with urosepsis.

Among 58 Escherichia coli urosepsis isolates, P1-antigen-containing dove and pigeon egg whites were significantly more effective inhibitors of P-adhesin-specific agglutination than were chicken egg whites or globoside. Globoside's inefficacy may have resulted from a proadherence effect of globoside's lipid tail. Adhesin phenotypes determined with dove and pigeon egg whites as as agglutination inhibitors corresponded closely with phenotypes defined by comparative hemagglutination of human P1 and p erythrocytes. These data suggest that avian P1-antigen-containing substances may provide a useful alternative method for P adhesin inhibition among uropathogenic E. coli strains.

Adhesins, Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1994

Expression of neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides in human skeletal and heart muscle determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining.

The expression of neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides has been studied in human skeletal and heart muscle using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Transversal and longitudinal cryosections were immunostained with specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against the neural glycosphingolipids lactosylceramide, globoside, Forssman glycosphingolipid, gangliotetraosylceramide, lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide and against the gangliosides GM3(Neu5Ac) and GM1(Neu5Ac). To confirm the lipid nature of positive staining, control sections were treated with methanol and chloroform:methanol (1:1) before immunostaining. These controls were found to be either negative or strongly reduced in fluorescence intensity, suggesting that lipid bound oligosaccharides were detected. In human skeletal muscle, lactosylceramide was found to be the main neutral glycosphingolipid. Globoside was moderately expressed, lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide and gangliotetraosylceramide were minimally expressed and Forssman glycosphingolipid was not detected in human skeletal muscle. The intensities of the immunohistological stains of GM3 and GM1 correlated to the fact that GM3 is the major ganglioside in skeletal muscle whereas GM1 is expressed only weakly. In human heart muscle globoside was the major neutral glycosphingolipid. Lactosylceramide and lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide were moderately expressed, gangliotetraosylceramide was weakly expressed and the Forssman glycosphingolipid was not expressed at all in cardiac muscle. GM3 and GM1 were detected with almost identical intensity. All glycosphingolipids were present in plasma membranes as well as at the intracellular level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neutral glycolipid composition of primary human brain tumors.

Neutral glycolipids (NGL) were isolated and quantitated in 98 primary human brain tumors; 19 low grade astrocytomas (LGA), 12 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), 37 high grade astrocytomas (HGA), 18 oligodendroglial tumors, and 12 primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). In 38 of these, the nature of the hexose in the cerebroside was determined using immunothin-layer chromatographic techniques. Galactosylceramide (GalCer) was the major ceramide monohexoside (CMH), and glucosylcerebroside never comprised more than 6% of this fraction in any tumor type. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the proportion of glucosylcerebroside and histological diagnosis. AA had the most characteristic neutral glycolipid pattern, with high levels of total lipid, total neutral glycolipid, CMH, and ceramide dihexoside (CDH) but low water contents. Consistent with this glycolipid composition is the finding that AA usually had neither ceramide trihexoside (CTH) nor globoside. Oligodendrogliomas were somewhat similar to AA in having high levels of CMH and infrequently having CTH or globoside. However, oligodendrogliomas had low water and total lipid contents. PNET had low levels of total lipid, total NGL, and CMH, but frequently contained CTH and globoside. LGA had high water contents but low levels of total lipid and CMH. HGA tended to have intermediate levels of almost all constituents analyzed, probably reflecting the pronounced cellular heterogeneity of these tumors. The frequent presence of GalCer in astrocytomas raises the possibility that some of these contain a population of cells that are related to the oligodendroglial lineage. However, the low amounts of GalCer and infrequent presence of sulfatide in PNET is consistent with their lack of differentiation toward oligodendrocytes. It will be of interest to determine if the neutral glycolipid patterns reported here will correlate with patient survival and be of prognostic significance.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1987

Monoclonal antibodies raised against Pap fimbriae recognize minor component(s) involved in receptor binding.

Pap fimbriae were purified from a recombinant strain and used for the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These MAbs were screened in a fimbriae ELISA with eight different P fimbriae as well as 1A and 1C fimbriae. Five MAbs were specific for Pap fimbriae whereas one MAb did react with Pap, F7(2) and F11 fimbriae. Previously, we described two F11 MAbs which also reacted with Pap, F7(2) and F11 fimbriae. In a whole bacteria ELISA it was shown that the MAbs, which recognized Pap, F7(2) and F11 fimbriae, reacted with recombinant strains which did not express Pap or F11 fimbriae, but still expressed the globoside binding properties. Not one of the five MAbs which are specific for Pap fimbriae reacted with these globoside binding recombinant strains. In a haemagglutination and adherence assay it was shown that only the MAbs which recognized the Pap, F7(2) and F11 fimbriae inhibited the adhesive properties of the globoside binding recombinant strain. Therefore it is concluded that in the present study MAbs are presented which recognize the minor components responsible for adhesion.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

Oligosaccharide behavior of complex natural glycosphingolipids in multicomponent model membranes.

Wideline 2H NMR of model membranes was used to consider the molecular consequences of factors often suggested as modulators of complex glycosphingolipid oligosaccharide arrangement and motional characteristics at cell surfaces. GM1, asialo-GM1, and globoside were studied as examples of plasma membrane recognition sites. The experimental approach involved substitution of deuterons (D) for protons at specific locations within the carbohydrate chains. Deuterated glycolipids were then dispersed at 7-10 mol% in unsonicated bilayers of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine. Factors tested for their significance to carbohydrate chain conformation and dynamics included glycolipid natural alkyl and acyl chain variability, membrane fluidity, and the presence of cholesterol and a charged sugar residue (neuraminic acid). Effects of Ca2+ and membrane-associated protein were briefly considered. Two distinct strategies were employed in substituting deuterons for selected protons of carbohydrate residues. Neither approach necessitated alteration of the glycolipid natural fatty acid composition. (i) Protons of the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group on the terminal Gal residue of GM1 and asialo-GM1, and on the terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of globoside, were replaced with deuterium (producing -CDHOH) by an enzymatic oxidation/reduction cycle. This represents the first application of such an approach to deuteration of complex neutral glycolipids. Spectral results were compared to those obtained for the similarly-deuterated monoglycosyl lipid, galactosylceramide (GalCer), with natural fatty acid composition. Efficacy of this labeling method may in principle be influenced by structural variations within a given glycolipid family. Also, asymmetric rotation of the deuterated group made it less attractive than the second method for relating spectral features to receptor geometry. (ii) A general synthetic, nonenzymatic method was investigated for replacing amino sugar N-acetyl groups with deuterated acetate (-COCD3). The acetate group of the GalNAc residue of globoside, GM1, and asialo-GM1, as well as that on neuraminic acid in GM1, was replaced with -COCD3. This second method afforded better signal-to-noise--an important consideration for 2H NMR. The NMR technique employed had the potential for detecting changes of as little as 10% in oligosaccharide orientation or motional order. Each glycolipid demonstrated clear evidence of preferred average oligosaccharide conformations in all (fluid) membrane environments examined. The most striking observation was that, in fluid matrices, conformation and motional order of the complex oligosaccharide chains were only modestly influenced by factors tested, including natural variation in the glycolipid hydrocarbon chains, membrane fluidity, temperature, and the presence of cholesterol or the N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) residue on GM1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Amino Sugars↗
PubMed1991

Glycosphingolipids: 2H NMR study of the influence of carbohydrate headgroup structure on ceramide acyl chain behavior in glycolipid-phospholipid bilayers.

Galactosyl- and glucosylceramide, globoside, and dihydrolactosylceramide, bearing [2,2-2H2]stearic acid, have been studied at a concentration of 10 mol% in bilayers of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine by 2H NMR. The quadrupolar splitting delta vQ of the C2 deuterons were measured at several temperatures in the range of 30-60 degrees C. Spin-lattice relaxation times T1 of C2 deuterons were determined in the same temperature range for all lipids but globoside. T1 values at 30 and 50 degrees C were unexpectedly short (6-8 ms), indicating reduced mobility of the ceramide acyl chains compared to that of the host phospholipid. At all temperatures, both delta vQ and T1 were essentially identical for the monoglycosylated species, GalCer and GlcCer, indicating that the order and dynamics of the upper portion of the fatty acyl chain are insensitive to this small change in the headgroup structure. In the case of globoside, where the glycolipid headgroup is equivalent to that of GlcCer extended by three sugar residues, values for the quadrupolar splittings associated with the acyl chain C2-position were very close to those obtained for Gal- and GlcCer. In contrast, the delta vQ values obtained for the diglycosyl species, LacCer, were significantly different at all temperatures. This different behavior of LacCer relative to that of the other glycolipids most likely originates from an orientational change of the acyl chain at the C2-position due to the absence of a 4,5 double bond in dihydrosphingosine. T1 values for the GlcCer and GalCer systems increased with temperature, indicating that the motions responsible for relaxation were in the short correlation time regime.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ceramides↗
PubMed1989

Glycolipid glycosyltransferases in human embryonal carcinoma cells during retinoic acid induced differentiation.

Retinoic acid induced differentiation of TERA-2-derived human embryonal carcinoma cells is accompanied by a dramatic reduction of extended globo-series glycolipids, including galactosyl globoside, sialylgalactosyl globoside, and globo-A antigen (each recognized by specific MoAbs). Associated with these glycolipid changes, the activities of two key enzymes, alpha 1----4 galactosyltransferase (for synthesis of globotriaosyl core structure) and beta 1----3 galactosyltransferase (for synthesis of galactosyl globoside), were found to be reduced 3- to 4-fold. The latter enzyme plays a key role in the synthesis of extended globo-series structures, and its characterization has not been reported previously. Therefore, its catalytic activity was studied in detail, including substrate specificity, detergent and phospholipid effects, pH and cation requirements, and apparent Km. During retinoic acid induced differentiation, a series of Lex glycolipid antigens (recognized by anti-SSEA-1 antibody) and their core structures (lacto-series type 2 chains) increase dramatically. In parallel with these changes in glycolipid expression, the activities of two key enzymes, beta 1----3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (for extension of lacto-series type 2 chain) and alpha 1----3 fucosyltransferase (for synthesis of Lex structure), were found to increase by 4- and 2-fold, respectively. Similarly, an increase in the expression of several gangliosides (e.g., GD3 and GT3) during retinoic acid induced differentiation was mirrored by a 4-fold increase in the activity of alpha 2----3 sialyltransferase (for synthesis of ganglio core structure, GM3). The results suggest a coordinate regulation of key glycosyltransferases involved in core structure assembly and terminal chain modification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Glycolipids of human primary testicular germ cell tumours.

The glycolipid content of human non-seminomatous germ cell tumour cell lines correlates with their differentiation lineage. To analyse whether this reflects the situation in primary tumours, we studied five embryonal carcinomas, five yolk sac tumours and nine (mixed) non-seminomas, using thin-layer chromatography and carbohydrate immunostaining. We also analysed the glycolipid content of 19 seminomas to reveal their relationship with non-seminomas. Lactosylceramide (CDH) was detected in all embryonal carcinomas, but in fewer than half of the seminomas. Seminomas and embryonal carcinomas contained globoseries glycolipids, including globotriosylceramide (Gb3), globoside (Gb4), galactosy globoside (Gb5) and sialy1 galactosyl globoside (GL7). The lacto-series glycolipid Le(x) was found in all embryonal carcinomas, but only in one seminoma. Gangliosides GD3 and GT3 were detected in many seminomas, but rarely in embryonal carcinomas. Yolk sac tumours displayed a heterogeneous glycolipid profile. Compared with seminomas and pure embryonal carcinomas, differentiated non-seminomas had reduced levels of globo-series glycolipids, especially Gb3 and Gb5, whereas CDH, Le(x), GD3 and GT3 were found in the majority of cases. Thus, the glycolipid content of non-seminoma cell lines reflects the situation in primary tumours. Globo-series glycolipids are similarly expressed in seminomas and embryonal carcinomas. The expression of Gb3 and Gb5 is reduced in non-seminomas upon differentiation. Le(x) expression in non-seminomas, including embryonal carcinomas, allows discrimination from seminomas. Expression of gangliosides in seminomas might indicate their maturation from ganglioside-negative precursor cells. Reprogramming of these precursors would result in the formation of Le(x)-expressing embryonal carcinomas.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Apoptotic activity in villous trophoblast cells during B19 infection correlates with clinical outcome: assessment by the caspase-related M30 Cytodeath antibody.

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection during pregnancy can result in horizontal transmission of the virus and congenital infection. The main targets for B19 replication are the erythroid precursor cell of the colony and burst forming units. The cellular receptor necessary for B19 infectivity is globoside. Other non-erythroid cells can express this receptor, including megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes and placental trophoblast cells. B19 infection of globoside-containing erythroid cells results in cell death via apoptosis. We asked whether globoside-containing placental trophoblast cells, although not permissive for complete viral replication, would show evidence of apoptotic activity as a result of B19 infection. Placentas from 26 pregnancies with documented maternal and/or congenital B19 infection, 14 with poor outcomes and 12 with good outcomes were examined for evidence of apoptosis using the caspase-related M30 Cytodeath monoclonal antibody (Mab). M30 Mab recognizes a caspase 3 directed cleavage event within cytokeratin 18, a protein widely distributed in epithelial cells, of which trophoblast cells are classified. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant number of M30-staining placental villous trophoblast cells from B19-complicated pregnancies with poor outcomes compared to B19-complicated pregnancies with good outcomes or the 24 age-matched controls (P< 0.001). This is the first description of an association between B19-complicated pregnancies ending in foetal death and increased apoptosis within placental villous trophoblast cells. Damage due to premature death of the protective barrier of the placental trophoblast layer may compromise its integrity and play a role in pathogenesis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1976

Abnormalities in the glycosphingolipid content of human Pk and p erythrocytes.

Erythrocytes of the rare Pk phenotype lack the blood group P antigen, and p erythrocytes lack both P and Pk antigens. On the basis of immunological data we suggested previously that the P and Pk antigens are the glycosphingolipids globoside and trihexosyl ceramide, respectively, and we have now confirmed these designations by chemical analysis of erythrocytes lacking these antigens. The Pk erythrocytes contain only traces of globoside and have a marked excess of trihexosyl ceramide in comparison with normal erythrocytes. The p erythrocytes lack globoside and trihexosyl ceramide and contain an excess of lactosyl ceramide and other complex glycolipids. Our analyses of normal erythrocytes also revealed complex gangliosides with the approximate chromatographic mobilities of GD1b and GT1, and several gangliosides containing N-acetylglucosamine.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1994

Pigeon and dove eggwhite protect mice against renal infection due to P fimbriated Escherichia coli.

Pigeon and dove eggwhite exhibit high level P1 antigenic activity and are potent and specific inhibitors of adherence mediated by P fimbriae of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. To evaluate pigeon and dove eggwhite as P fimbrial receptor analogues in the prevention of ascending renal infection, mice were challenged with a P fimbriated E. coli urosepsis isolate suspended in saline alone or in saline plus various inhibitors of adherence, including D-mannose, globoside, and chicken, dove, and pigeon eggwhite. D-mannose inhibited mannose-sensitive adherence but not P fimbrial adherence, and failed to prevent renal infection. Globoside and chicken eggwhite also failed to inhibit P fimbrial adherence; chicken eggwhite had little and globoside had no impact on renal infection. In contrast, dove and pigeon eggwhite eliminated P fimbrial adherence and significantly reduced the incidence and intensity of renal infection. These findings suggest that pigeon and dove eggwhite provide P1-antigen-specific protection against ascending renal infection in mice due to P fimbriated uropathogenic E. coli.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

A new Pk phenotype in the P blood group system.

A healthy 22-year-old woman was noted to have erythrocytes of the Pk phenotype: a strong Pk antigen, no detectable P antigen and anti-P antibody in her serum. Her erythrocytes contained four to six times as much Pk glycolipid (globotriaosylceramide or CTH) and approximately half as much P glycolipid (globotetraosylceramide or globoside) as normal red cells. The structures of CTH and globoside were characterized by analysis of permethylated sugars and complement fixation, in addition to chromatographic mobility and sugar composition. Inasmuch as the erythrocytes of two Pk individuals that were analysed previously (Marcus et al., 1976) contained no detectable globoside, these abnormalities appear to represent a new phenotype in the P blood group system.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Binding of uropathogenic Escherichia coli R45 to glycolipids extracted from vaginal epithelial cells is dependent on histo-blood group secretor status.

Women with a history of recurrent Escherichia coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) are two to three times more likely to be nonsecretors of histo-blood group antigens than are women without such a history. Further, uroepithelial cells from women who are nonsecretors show enhanced adherence of uropathogenic E. coli compared with cells from secretors. To investigate the hypothesis that nonsecretors express unique receptors for uropathogenic E. coli related to their genetic background, we extracted glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from vaginal epithelial cells collected from nonsecretors and secretors and used an assay in which radiolabeled uropathogenic E. coli were bound to these GSLs separated on TLC plates. An E. coli strain (R45) expressing both P and F adhesins, which was isolated from one of these patients' UTIs, was metabolically labeled with 35S for the TLC binding assay. The radiolabeled E. coli R45 bound to two extended globo-series GSLs, sialosyl gal-globoside (SGG) and disialosyl gal-globoside (DSGG), found in the GSL extracts from nonsecretors but not from secretors. The identity of SGG in the nonsecretor GSL extracts was confirmed in radioimmunoassays using an mAb to SGG and in immunofluorescence assays with this mAb and native vaginal epithelial cells. We show that SGG and DSGG are selectively expressed by epithelial cells of nonsecretors, presumably as a result of sialylation of the gal-globoside precursor glycolipid, which in secretors is fucosylated and processed to ABH antigens. The presence of SGG and DSGG may account for the increased binding of E. coli to uroepithelial cells from nonsecretors and for their increased susceptibility to recurrent UTI.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides of bovine thyroid.

By the application of a ganglioside-mapping technique, the lipid composition of bovine thyroid was analyzed systematically. The contents of cholesterol, lipid-bound phosphorus and lipid-bound sialic acid in bovine thyroid were 5.10, 9.76, and 0.28 mumol/g of dry tissue, respectively, and the molar ratio of cholesterol, lipid-bound sialic acid, and lipid-bound phosphorus was 52.4 : 2.9 : 100.0. The following phospholipids were contained in this order: phosphatidylcholine greater than phosphatidylethanolamine greater than sphingomyelin greater than phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol greater than cardiolipin. When compared on a molar basis, the amount of total glycosphingolipids was only 3% of phospholipids. As the major neutral glycosphingolipids, ceramide glucoside, ceramide galactoside, ceramide lactoside, ceramide trihexoside and globoside were identified and the most abundant component was globoside (40% of total neutral glycosphingolipids). On the other hand, five molecular species of gangliosides were identified: GM3, GM1, fucosyl GM1, GD3, and GD1a. Three types of GD3 and GD1a with a different sialic acid composition were recognized on the ganglioside-map and isolated in pure forms. GM3 was the most abundant component, but the concentration of gangliosides with ganglio-N-tetraose in bovine thyroid was higher than that of gangliosides with lactose. Also fucosyl GM1 comprised 13% of total gangliosides. Thus, the high concentrations of gangliosides with ganglio-N-tetraose and fucosyl GM1 seemed to be characteristic of bovine thyroid glycosphingolipids. The glycosphingolipids contained in the following order: GM3 greater than GD1a greater than globoside greater than GM1 greater than ceramide trihexoside greater than fucosyl GM1 greater than ceramide lactoside greater than ceramide glycoside greater than GD3 greater than ceramide galactoside.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Binding of N-acetylgalactosamine-containing compounds by a human IgM paraprotein.

A serum that contains a monoclonal human IgM paraprotein (McG) agglutinates protease-treated human erythrocytes and binds glycosphingolipids that possess a terminal nonreducing N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue in either the alpha or beta anomeric configuration. The approximately equal reactivity of McG with both anomers of N-acetylgalactosamine was unexpected because most immunoglobulins that bind saccharides exhibit a marked preference for one anomeric configuration. The major receptor for this protein in normal group O erythrocytes is globoside, the blood group P antigen: Ga1NAc( beta, 1 leads to 3)Gal(alpha,1 leads to 4)Gal(b,1 lead to 4)G1c-ceramide. Erythrocytes of the rare Pk and p phenotypes lack globoside, and the former are not agglutinated by McG. The McG receptor in p erythrocytes, which are agglutinated as strongly as normal cells, appears to be a crossreactive glycolipid that contains a much larger number of sugar residues than globoside.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Globoseries glycosphingolipids of human meconium.

Globoside and an extended globoseries glycosphingolipid with a blood group H determinant were isolated from pooled human meconia and structurally characterized by mass spectrometry, proton NMR spectroscopy, and degradational techniques using GC and GC-MS analyses. Both species contained mainly phytosphingosine and hydroxy fatty acids characteristic for human intestinal epithelial cells. With the same techniques also minor amounts of globoside with sphingosine and nonhydroxy fatty acids and a novel globoseries tetraglycosyl ceramide with a terminal N-acetylglucosamine were isolated and structurally characterized.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1988

Glycolipid-lectin interactions: reactivity of lectins from Helix pomatia, Wisteria floribunda, and Dolichos biflorus with glycolipids containing N-acetylgalactosamine.

The autoradiographic detection of 125I-labeled lectins binding to glycolipids on thin-layer chromatograms can be used to rapidly analyze total glycolipid extracts of cells or tissues for specific oligosaccharide structures. The Helix pomatia lectin which binds with high affinity to terminal alpha-linked GalNAc residues did not bind to globoside (terminal beta 1-3GalNAc) but did bind the ganglioside GM2 and its asialo derivative which have terminal beta 1-4GalNAc residues. The lectin from Dolichos biflorus bound specifically to the Forssman glycolipid with relatively low affinity. The lectin from Wisteria floribunda was bound to Forssman glycolipid, globoside, and the asialo derivative of the ganglioside GM2. The interactions of these lectins with the glycolipid-derived, 3H-labeled oligosaccharides was also analyzed by affinity chromatography. The results indicated that the reactivity of multivalent carbohydrate-binding proteins with polyvalent surfaces of glycolipids is strong enough to permit detection of low-affinity interactions that may not be observed in binding assays that are based on carbohydrate-protein interactions in solution. The autoradiographic analysis of 125I-Helix pomatia lectin binding to thin-layer chromatograms of total lipid extracts from human erythrocyte membranes detected the quantitative differences in the A-active glycolipids from type A1 and A2 cells.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1988

Monoclonal antibodies that bind to galactosylgloboside (SSEA-3 antigen).

The 3-fucosyllactosamine (3-FL) antigenic determinant, Gal(beta 1-4)[Fuc(alpha 1-3)]-GlcNAc-R, is very immunogenic in BALB/c mice. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was raised against a novel glycosphingolipid that contains a terminal 3-FL structure (structure 1): (formula: see text) Surprisingly, most of these antibodies reacted with the internal galactosylgloboside structure rather than with the terminal 3-FL epitope. The specificities of two of these antibodies, 5A3 and 8A7, were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunostaining procedures, and compared with MC631 (anti-SSEA-3), the only other monoclonal antibody known to bind to galactosylgloboside. 5A3 and 8A7 bound equally well to structure 1 and to galactosylgloboside. These antibodies also bound to structure 1 from which the terminal galactose, or the galactose and fucose, had been removed, but not to globoside or sialylated galactosylgloboside. In contrast, MC631 did not bind to structure 1 but, as described previously, did bind to globoside and sialylated galactosylgloboside. Galactosylgloboside is a developmentally regulated antigen of mouse embryos, human teratocarcinomas, and mouse embryonic brain. Antibodies 5A3 and 8A7 will complement MC631 in the analysis of the distribution and regulation of galactosylgloboside.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗