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The Mouse Functional Genome Database (MfunGD): functional annotation of proteins in the light of their cellular context.

MfunGD (http://mips.gsf.de/genre/proj/mfungd/) provides a resource for annotated mouse proteins and their occurrence in protein networks. Manual annotation concentrates on proteins which are found to interact physically with other proteins. Accordingly, manually curated information from a protein-protein interaction database (MPPI) and a database of mammalian protein complexes is interconnected with MfunGD. Protein function annotation is performed using the Functional Catalogue (FunCat) annotation scheme which is widely used for the analysis of protein networks. The dataset is also supplemented with information about the literature that was used in the annotation process as well as links to the SIMAP Fasta database, the Pedant protein analysis system and cross-references to external resources. Proteins that so far were not manually inspected are annotated automatically by a graphical probabilistic model and/or superparamagnetic clustering. The database is continuously expanding to include the rapidly growing amount of functional information about gene products from mouse. MfunGD is implemented in GenRE, a J2EE-based component-oriented multi-tier architecture following the separation of concern principle.

Animals↗

dictyBase: a new Dictyostelium discoideum genome database.

Dictyostelium discoideum is a powerful and genetically tractable model system used for the study of numerous cellular molecular mechanisms including chemotaxis, phagocytosis and signal transduction. The past 2 years have seen a significant expansion in the scope and accessibility of online resources for Dictyostelium. Recent advances have focused on the development of a new comprehensive online resource called dictyBase (http://dictybase.org). This database not only provides access to genomic data including functional annotation of genes, gene products and chromosomal mapping, but also to extensive biological information such as mutant phenotypes and corresponding reference material. In conjunction with additional sites (http://genome. imb-jena.de/dictyostelium/, http://dictyensembl. bioch.bcm.tmc.edu and http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/D_discoideum/) from the genome sequencing and assembly centers, these improvements have expanded the scope of the Dictyostelium databases making them accessible and useful to any researcher interested in comparative and functional genomics in metazoan organisms.

Animals↗

MITOMAP: a human mitochondrial genome database--2004 update.

MITOMAP (http://www.MITOMAP.org), a database for the human mitochondrial genome, has grown rapidly in data content over the past several years as interest in the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in human origins, forensics, degenerative diseases, cancer and aging has increased dramatically. To accommodate this information explosion, MITOMAP has implemented a new relational database and an improved search engine, and all programs have been rewritten. System administrative changes have been made to improve security and efficiency, and to make MITOMAP compatible with a new automatic mtDNA sequence analyzer known as Mitomaster.

DNA, Mitochondrial↗

Saccharomyces genome database: underlying principles and organisation.

A scientific database can be a powerful tool for biologists in an era where large-scale genomic analysis, combined with smaller-scale scientific results, provides new insights into the roles of genes and their products in the cell. However, the collection and assimilation of data is, in itself, not enough to make a database useful. The data must be incorporated into the database and presented to the user in an intuitive and biologically significant manner. Most importantly, this presentation must be driven by the user's point of view; that is, from a biological perspective. The success of a scientific database can therefore be measured by the response of its users - statistically, by usage numbers and, in a less quantifiable way, by its relationship with the community it serves and its ability to serve as a model for similar projects. Since its inception ten years ago, the Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) has seen a dramatic increase in its usage, has developed and maintained a positive working relationship with the yeast research community, and has served as a template for at least one other database. The success of SGD, as measured by these criteria, is due in large part to philosophies that have guided its mission and organisation since it was established in 1993. This paper aims to detail these philosophies and how they shape the organisation and presentation of the database.

Databases, Nucleic Acid↗

Parasite genome databases and web-based resources.

In the last decade, high-throughput genome sequencing and complementary techniques such as microarray and proteomics have generated, and will continue to generate, ever-increasing amounts of data. These technologies of gene discovery, expression, and functional analysis have been applied to a vast array of organisms, including parasites. In most instances, the data are freely available via the Internet, and researchers are becoming increasingly reliant on up-to-date, centralized data repositories to complement wet bench science. This chapter presents an overview of resources relevant to researchers with an interest in para-site genomics and biology. After briefly touching on some of the publicly available nucleotide and protein sequence as well as domain databases, the focus turns to parasite genome projects and associated Web-based resources. A list of parasite sequencing projects current at the time of writing, including relevant Web site addresses, is provided. The available resources range from network sites and project pages at sequencing institutes to databases that integrate and curate sequence data and associated annotation with diverse biological datasets. Particular attention is given to three databases, GeneDB (http://www.genedb.org/), PlasmoDB (http://plasmodb. org/), and tigr db, detailing the scope of each database and the tools available for data querying and retrieval.

Animals↗

MAP: searching large genome databases.

A number of biological applications require comparison of large genome strings. Current techniques suffer from both disk I/O and computational cost because of extensive memory requirements and large candidate sets. We propose an efficient technique for alignment of large genome strings. Our technique precomputes the associations between the database strings and the query string. These associations are used to prune the database-query substring pairs that do not contain similar regions. We use a hash table to compare the unpruned regions of the query and database strings. The cost of the ensuing search is determined by how the hash table is constructed. We present a dynamic strategy that optimizes the random disk I/O needed for accessing the hash table. It also provides the user a coarse grain visualization of the similarity pattern quickly before the actual search. The experimental results show that our technique aligns genome strings up to 97 times faster than BLAST.

Algorithms↗

PlantsP: a functional genomics database for plant phosphorylation.

The PlantsP database is a curated database that combines information derived from sequences with experimental functional genomics information. PlantsP focuses on plant protein kinases and protein phosphatases. The database will specifically provide a resource for information on a collection of T-DNA insertion mutants (knockouts) in each protein kinase and phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana. PlantsP also provides a curated view of each protein that includes a comprehensive annotation of functionally related sequence motifs, sequence family definitions, alignments and phylogenetic trees, and descriptive information drawn directly from the literature. PlantsP is available at http://PlantsP.sdsc.edu.

Arabidopsis↗