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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Gender issues in contraceptive use among educated women in Edo state, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: While traditional contraception is widely used, in southern Nigerian modern contraception is a relatively recent phenomenon. Modern contraception is more wide spread among the educated and sexually active youth in Nigeria. Few studies have been done on contraception among educated women in Nigeria. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out in December 2000 to determine factors that influence the choice of contraceptives among female undergraduates at the University of Benin and Edo State University Ekpoma. METHODS: Data was collected from a sample of 800 female undergraduates matched ethnic group, socio economic status, religion and rural urban residence. Subjects were selected by proportional representation and the instrument used was closed ended questionnaire. RESULTS: The responses obtained were analysed using Spearman Rank Correlation co-efficient and regression analysis. Findings revealed the highest correlation for availability (r =.96) vis a vis the use of various types of artificial contraceptive and cost (r =.96), next was safety (r =.95) and effectiveness (r =.95). Others were peer group influence (r =.80) and convenience (r =.77). CONCLUSION: An important step in improving women's reproductive health is the involvement of men. Health programmes should conduct campaigns to educate men about reproductive health and the role they can assume in family planning.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Breast implants: a gender issue?

Breast implants have been in use in Canada for more than 30 years. Between 100,000 and 200,000 Canadian women have them as well as one to two million women in the United States. Oddly, despite those numbers, inadequate data are available on the safety and side effects of these prosthesis.

Breast Implants↗
PubMed1994

Tender gender issues.

For 40 years, I have been a male on this planet. Nearly half of those years I have proudly worked as a speech-language pathologist. Some say that I don't seem like other men, whatever that means. I am told that I am sensitive, caring, even loving. Why do some believe that women corner those markets? Once I was invited to participate in a men's group, a collection of men from throughout the community who talk about issues that relate to men. What fun, I thought. It wasn't long before I realized that I did not belong in that group. Discussions turned to bashing--women, work, life. The other group members wanted me to continue to participate because they indicated that I represented another side--a happy side. You see, I love my wife. I love my kids, too. What's more, I enjoy my work and sincerely believe that it is important. I value the opportunity to work with student, faculty, and administrative colleagues I respect. I guess my views were not too popular with the men's group.

Audiology↗
PubMed1995

Gender-specific issues.

Gender-specific differences in body composition and body size are well documented and mainly due to hormonal differences. Women benefit from physical training in the same way as men do. Regarding substrate utilization during exercise, females seem to exhibit a greater ability to utilize fat as a substrate resulting in a glycogen sparing effect. This may indicate a greater ability for endurance exercise. High levels of aerobic activity coupled with an insufficient energy intake, will result in a rapid loss of body mass and amenorrhea, a loss of calcium from bone tissue and the development of early osteoporosis. Nutritional advice for athletes of both sexes is very much the same, except that females require more iron and calcium.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1989

Female and male: issues of gender.

Our culture's preoccupation with gender differences is reflected in the importance developmental psychologists have placed on gender-related issues. In this article, three areas of research where gender is or has been a primary focus of research are discussed: measurement of intellectual abilities, biology and behavior, and socialization processes. Policy implications of the research are suggested.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Age-based rationing and women.

The expense of caring for growing numbers of older individuals can create strong incentives to ration health care based on age. While not directed explicitly at women, this form of rationing would affect women disproportionately because more women than men occupy the ranks of older Americans. A proper understanding of age-based rationing requires attention to gender issues. Once gender issues are taken into account, age-based rationing appears to perpetuate broader gender inequities in the society. This position is supported by three arguments. First, although age-based rationing leads to inequalities between age groups, the inequalities it produces between the sexes are more ethically troubling. Second, these departures from equality cannot be justified even when they benefit society at large by enabling investments in other health care priorities. Finally, since older women represent a disadvantaged and vulnerable group, age-based rationing is difficult to justify even if our obligation to protect the vulnerable is minimal.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

A framework and methods for incorporating gender-related issues in wildlife risk assessment: gender-related differences in metal levels and other contaminants as a case study.

Gender plays a role in the genetics, physiology, morphology, and behavior of organisms, and thus influences the uptake, fate, and effects of contaminants in organisms. There are a number of chemical analysis tools, as well as biological approaches to understanding the influence of gender on contaminant levels and effects in wildlife. Biological approaches occur at all levels, from mutagenesis, gene expression and biochemistry, to physiology, morphology and development, to pathology and behavior. Information on the effects of gender at all these levels is essential for model building, risk assessment, and developing biomonitoring plans. Gender influences both internal and external fate and effects. However, bioaccumulation and effects cannot occur without exposure, which is mediated by behavior, bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and absorption. Gender influences a number of individual features (size, nutrition, genetics, hormones), that in turn affect niche differentiation, leading back to differences in exposure and susceptibility. Both sexes have a variety of methods of ridding the body of contaminants, through the bile, urine, exhaled air, and sloughing of epidermal structures (skin, hair, feathers). Females can also rid their body of contaminants through egg contents and egg shells, or mammals by transfer to the developing fetus and through breast milk. The availability of contaminant data in wildlife depends partly on the ease of identification of the sexes by either external or internal examination. Thus, there are more data on contaminant levels in birds and mammals than in fish. Surprisingly, metal levels are not uniformly low in females, even when they are morphologically smaller than males. For 43 studies of metals in vertebrates, females had higher levels in 30 cases where there were significant differences (and males were higher in only 14 cases). Females usually had higher levels of mercury than males. Review of the literature suggests that authors should clearly describe the gender differences in their abstracts (not just say they exist), and if they found no differences, state whether they had sufficient power to identify such differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Teaching on gender-related issues; a survey of psychiatry faculty and residents.

A survey was distributed to 299 members of the McGill Department of Psychiatry regarding the teaching of gender-related issues. The response rate was 62.5%. The majority of respondents indicated that they were moderately or very knowledgeable about, and moderately or very interested in gender issues. Current teaching was rated as less than adequate, while future teaching was rated as very important. Women rated personal interest and importance of future teaching higher than men, but rated adequacy of current teaching lower. Residents rated personal interest higher than certified psychiatrists, but rated self-assessed knowledge lower, and tended to rate adequacy of current teaching lower.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Agenda for women's health research. Improving women's musculoskeletal health.

Increased attention and resources focused on women's health during the past decade have resulted in new offices, policies, and programs of the Federal government. The Office of Research on Women's Health, established by the National Institutes of Health in 1990, is a focal point for all National Institutes of Health-supported efforts to improve women's health through biomedical and behavioral research. The Office of Research on Women's Health ensures women's appropriate inclusion in research studies supported by the National Institutes of Health. Through the development of a comprehensive agenda for research on women's health, the Office of Research on Women's Health encourages the consideration of gender issues and gender differences in health and disease in research sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. The importance of research to study and improve women's musculoskeletal health has become increasingly recognized. Clinicians, researchers, and representatives of professional and advocacy organizations concerned with women's musculoskeletal health participated in the development of the initial research agenda on women's health in 1991 and participated in the meetings to update and revise the agenda in 1996 and 1997. As a result of meetings convened to review and revise the agenda on women's health for the twenty-first century, many recommendations for additional research on women's musculoskeletal health have been developed and now are being implemented across the National Institutes of Health.

Female↗