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Results for “GINGIVAL DISEASES”

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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Hypertrichosis universalis congenita: a separate entity, or the same disease as gingival fibromatosis?

Hypertrichosis universalis congenita is an extremely rare disorder characterized by generalized hypertrichosis. It is generally accepted as being inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with varying expression. Many aspects of this disease are still unknown. Several reports associating hypertrichosis and gingival fibromatosis raise the question of whether they are separate entities or the same disease with different expressions of the underlying process. Hypertrichosis universalis congenita occurred in a 6-year-old girl without known family history. Her facial features were simian-like and her gingiva was moderately hyperplastic. We pose the question of whether or not these phenomena are related.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Dental aspects of patients with cystic fibrosis: a preliminary clinical study.

The oral conditions of 42 patients being treated for cystic fibrosis were evaluated. The patients were grouped by age and, in some aspects, were compared with a small control group of their siblings. The patient group had a lowered incidence of plaque and less gingival disease than did the control group in which every person had some amount of plaque or gingival disease. Calculus formation was minimal. The reasons for the finding of minimal plaque in the patient group could be related to several factors, including the life-long use of various antibiotic agents, the chewing of digestive enzyme supplements, the effect of medical management on tooth hardness, and the effect of stained teeth (possible tetracycline deposition) on the plaque microorganisms. It appears that the therapy for cystic fibrosis was beneficial to the periodontal health of these patients. Much further study is needed to understand the interrelationship between an altered oral environment (salivary changes in cystic fibrosis), altered microbial flora (by antibiotics, enzymes) and even altered tooth surfaces (possible tetracycline deposition). Most patients were found to have one or more oral habits. Tooth mobility was associated with tension habits. Patients who had clubbed fingers (indicating pulmonary compromise) and possibly a severe disease process, did not appear to have either stained teeth or the severity of the gingivitis associated with this. The relationship of tetracycline to tooth staining could not be pinpointed.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1976

[Report of a case of idiopathic gingival hyperplasia].

The clinical and histological picture of a rare gingival disease, i.e. idiopathic gingival hyperplasia, is discussed in detail on the basis of a case of our own Comprehensive diagnostic measures were taken to exclude other possible causes of a hyperplasia of the gingiva. Despite a rapid recurrence after gingivectomy, a "wait and see" attitude is assumed and the next therapeutical procedure is planned only after completion of puberty.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasonic treatment of the gingiva (experimental research)].

Gingival disease was induced in 18 dogs aged 2-3 years, b.m. 4-6 kg. Gingival grooves of experimental animals (n = 12) were exposed to ultrasound (US) through furacilin solution (1:5000), the gap between needle waveguide and tissues being 1-2 mm. In 6 reference animals the tissues were treated by the routine procedure. Time course of reparative processes was followed up on days 1, 7, 14, 30, and 60 after US session. Experiments have demonstrated the efficacy of low-frequency US in gingival diseases as against the routine treatment: reparative processes normalized on the 7th day after exposure to US.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Interleukin (IL)-1 and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulation of IL-6 production by fibroblasts derived from healthy or periodontally diseased human gingival tissue.

BACKGROUND: Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) play a key role in tissue repair and destruction. These cells express low levels of interleukin (IL)-6 constitutively and increased levels after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the cytokines IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). However, little information is available on IL-6 production by fibroblasts derived from diseased tissue. The present study compared constitutive and induced IL-6 production by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) derived from healthy and diseased periodontal tissue. We also evaluated whether IL-1 acted in a synergistic manner with LPS in inducing IL-6 production by HGF and whether LPS acted via CD14. METHODS: HGF derived from healthy and diseased tissue and foreskin fibroblasts were grown to confluency, photographed, and counted, and their constitutive IL-6 production was quantitated by ELISA. Healthy and diseased HGF were also pretreated with IL-1alpha, followed by incubation with Porphyromonas gingivalis or Escherichia coli LPS. Culture supernatants were assessed for IL-6 protein by ELISA and cell lysates for mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In order to determine if LPS stimulation was mediated through the LPS receptor, CD14, surface receptors on HGF were assessed by flow cytometry and the total RNA CD14 mRNA was assessed. RESULTS: Higher quantities of IL-6 were produced by the diseased HGF before and after stimulation than by the healthy HGF. Pretreatment with IL-1alpha followed by LPS stimulation of the healthy and diseased HGF cell lines resulted in an additive effect on IL-6 production. Pretreatment with IL-1alpha followed by a second incubation with the same stimulant produced higher amounts of IL-6 than cultures incubated with LPS alone or following IL-1alpha pretreatment. Similar amounts of IL-6 mRNA were present in unstimulated HGF from either diseased or healthy tissue and in those incubated with IL-1alpha only. After incubation with IL-1alpha and LPS, diseased HGF produced slightly more mRNA than healthy HGF. CD14 was not expressed by healthy or diseased HGF even after stimulation with either P. gingivalis or E. coli LPS. CD14 message was also undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results indicate heterogeneity among gingival fibroblasts and an additive effect of IL-1 and P. gingivalis LPS on IL-6 production by HGF. Furthermore, the LPS effect on HGF was not mediated by CD14.

Cell Count↗
PubMed2006

Langerhans cells express matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in healthy human gingival tissue and in periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: As antigen-presenting cells, Langerhans cells may play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of periodontal disease. This study is the first report that extends our knowledge of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous tissue inhibitors by Langerhans cells in healthy and diseased gingival tissues. METHODS: Single and double immunolabeling procedures were carried out using monoclonal antibodies against CD1a, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2, and analyzed by conventional and confocal microscopes. RESULTS: Langerhans cells expressed matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in healthy and diseased gingival tissues. The tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-positive Langerhans cells were mainly observed in the upper epithelial layers. Matrix metalloproteinase 9-positive Langerhans cells were observed especially during periodontitis and in the basal epithelial layer or crossing the basement membrane. CONCLUSION: During periodontal disease, changes in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors by gingival Langerhans cells could be implicated in the migration of the cells towards the connective tissue.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed2006

Darier disease affecting the gingival and oral mucosal surfaces.

Darier disease is an uncommon genodermatosis reflecting defective desmosomal structure and function. The present report details the oral features of a patient with well-characterized Darier disease and reviews current knowledge of the genetic basis of this genodermatosis that can often affect the craniofacial tissues.

Calcium-Transporting ATPases↗
PubMed1980

Ill effects of improper oral hygeine procedure.

Improper use of the tools that prevent tooth decay and gingival disease can also produce harmful effects. For example, dental floss can cause inflammation; toothbrushes could cause abscesses; and water-irrigation devices might drive foreign material into soft tissue. This report discusses the effects of incorrect oral hygiene, the signs the practioner should notice, and the proper corrective steps. Although effective oral hygiene is essential for the maintenance of healthy teeth and supporting tissues, analysis of the literature and clinical observation suggested that six problem areas may be associated with common oral hygiene measures. --Overly vigorous toothbrushing or using the wrong type of brush for the technique often leads to cervical tooth abrasion, gingival irritation, and gingival recession, or all of these problems. --Uncontrolled or overly vigorous dental flossing may lead to irritation, ulceration, or defects of the gingiva. Proximal root surfaces are rarely abraded. --Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and chewing gum may elicit allergic or toxic reactions in susceptible persons. These reactions take a variety of traumatic injuries, especially if used at high pressure. Perhaps, detailed individual instruction should be given by dental personnel before use. --Abscess of gingival tissues may occur from implantation of fragments of such oral hygiene aids as toothbrush bristles and toothpicks. --Bacteria may enter the bloodstream during certain oral hygiene measures, especially in patients with advanced chronic gingival disease. The rate of occurrence is unknown because of conflicting results in different studies. These bacteremias are of concern to patients who have rheumatic heart disease, prosthetic heart valves, prosthetic joints, and renal dialysis shunts, or fistulas used in renal dialysis. A classification of oral hygiene-caused disorders is proposed, based on the injury and the causative agent.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗
PubMed1991

Pathogen-related spirochetes identified within gingival tissue from patients with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether monoclonal antibodies against pathogen-restricted antigens of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum could be used as probes for spirochetes in diseased gingival tissue from subjects with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. A biotin-streptavidin system was used to identify spirochetes bound by monoclonal antibodies in cryostat sections of tissue. Twelve of 16 tissue samples from diseased sites, but none of 8 tissue specimens from healthy sites, reacted with pathogen-restricted antibodies. Organisms were found in intact epithelium and connective tissues adjacent to ulcers. Staining intensity was often high in perivascular locations and around vesicular spaces. Monoclonal antibodies to Bacteroides gingivalis and Treponema denticola were each reactive with diseased gingival tissues, but staining was usually restricted to ulcerated areas. These studies extend recent observations that showed that subjects with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis had both pathogen-related spirochetes in dental plaque and serum immunoglobulin G to pathogen-restricted antigens on T. pallidum subspecies, suggesting that pathogen-related spirochetes may be associated with the pathogenesis of certain periodontal diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Serum and salivary IgG and IgA response to radiation therapy.

Patients undergoing radiotherapy for malignant tumors of the head and neck invariably develop extensive oral and dental diseases particularly when the major salivary glands are within the radiation fields. Unless the patient receives a strict oral hygiene home care and the teeth are protected by topical application of fluoride gel, caries or gingival disease onset inevitably follows radiation induced xerostomia is. The importance of saliva as a controlling factor in the development of oral diseases is underscored by the dramatic increase in dental decay and gingival diseases that inevitably follows the surgical extirpation of the major salivary glands in animals and the onset of xerostomia in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Flow cytometric approach to human polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation induced by gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal disease.

In gingival pockets of patients with periodontal disease, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are in contact with a peculiar exudate, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Because of the pivotal role played by PMN in periodontal disease, we evaluated the ability of GCF in modulating normal human PMN. GCF was obtained from two gingival sites with severe periodontitis (SP) and two gingival sites with only mild periodontitis (MP) in 12 patients. Purified PMN were exposed to GCF from SP and MP sites and, as a control, to sterile culture medium. GCF activity was evaluated by monitoring the modulation of membrane molecules relevant to cell function. Compared to control medium, GCF from SP and MP sites was able to induce an activation status in PMN evidenced by an increased CD11b (62 +/- 9% and 28 +/- 7%, respectively) and f-Met-Leu-Phe (56 +/- 5% and 31 +/- 7%, respectively) receptor expression, with a concomitant reduction of CD62L expression (56 +/- 8% and 23 +/- 7%, respectively). Thus, reflecting the clinical status, GCF from SP sites was significantly more efficient in affecting PMN than GCF from MP sites. Cell size modifications, evaluated as an additional indicator of PMN activation, were consistent with membrane molecule modulation. The difference in PMN-activating capacity between SP and MP was abrogated by the successful completion of an appropriate periodontal therapy that dramatically improved clinical status. This is the first direct demonstration that GCF from periodontitis has the capacity to activate normal resting PMN and that this capacity reflects the magnitude of the inflammatory process that takes place in the gingiva.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Caries occurrence and periodontal condition in 100 dental students in their clinical semester. A clinical study].

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of caries and periodontal condition of 100 randomly selected clinical dental students (73 males, 27 females) in the age range of 22-37 years (means = 26.1 +/- 3.3 years). The statistical analysis revealed the following results: DMF-T Index (Klein & Palmer 1940) = 12.61 +/- 5.41 Plaque Index (Silness & Löe 1964) = 0.37 +/- 0.23 Gingiva Index (Löe & Silness 1963) = 0.39 +/- 0.20 Periodontal pocket depth = 1.65 +/- 0.27 mm. In relation to the results of other studies, clinical dental students had a decreased DMF-T Index and were in a better state of oral health and restaurations as compared to other groups of the same age. Female students had significantly less carious teeth, plaque and gingival disease than the male students. Increasing age had a highly significant correlation to DMF-T Index. Gingiva Index and pocket depth, whereas Plaque Index was correlated to a lesser degree. Plaque was confirmed as the essential factor of gingival disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The in vivo expression of membrane-bound CD14 in periodontal health and disease.

BACKGROUND: Membrane-bound CD14 (mCD14) is a myeloid differentiation antigen expressed on monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. It is a key molecule responsible for the innate recognition of bacteria by host cells and functions as an important receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide. This study investigated the in vivo expression profile and levels of mCD14 in healthy and diseased gingival tissues. METHODS: Gingival biopsies were obtained from 24 patients with chronic periodontitis, including 22 periodontal pocket tissues, 13 clinically healthy tissues, and 18 inflamed connective tissues (i.e., granulation tissues). Gingival biopsies from seven periodontally healthy subjects were used as controls. mCD14 was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: mCD14 was detected in 21 of 22 periodontal pocket tissues and all other categories of tissues. The mCD14-positive cells were mainly confined to the gingival epithelium-connective tissue interface. The expression levels in periodontally healthy subjects were significantly higher than in the patients. Within the patients, clinically healthy tissues showed greater levels of mCD14 than periodontal pocket tissues and granulation tissues. CONCLUSIONS: mCD14 was commonly expressed in both healthy and diseased gingival tissues and was predominantly confined to the epithelium-connective tissue interface. The positive relationship observed between mCD14 expression levels and periodontal health may imply that mCD14 is associated with favorable host responses to bacterial challenge and contributes to maintaining periodontal homeostasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Gingival bleeding].

Gingival bleeding is not of decisive importance in diagnosticating periodontal diseases, since various endogenous causative factors and exogenous conditions may enhance its occurrence. In the absence of periodontal disease, gingival bleeding might be a symptom of a systemic disease. Because gingival bleeding is in most cases the first sign of an affection of the tooth-supporting structures that the patient observes, it should be, for all the difficulties its substantivation, be considered in history taking and for self-control.

Gingival Hemorrhage↗