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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Associations between occupational health behaviors and occupational dental erosion.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between occupational health behaviors and occupational dental erosion. METHODS: Using data for 943 workers among 34 factories, selected by three-stage stratified cluster sampling from 888 factories using acids, two sets of modified case-control studies were performed. The cases were 242 workers with any dental erosion (G1-5) and 78 with severe dental erosion (G3-5); the controls were 701 workers with no erosion (GO) and 864 workers with no or mild erosion grades, GO-2, respectively. The main explanatory variables were behaviors such as wearing a respiratory mask and gargling at work. The results were adjusted for employment, age, sex, knowledge, and opinion about occupational health, attrition, and abrasion. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The odds of overall occupational dental erosion (G1-5) was 0.63 (95% CI = 0.42, 0.94) for respiratory mask wearers compared to nonwearers; the odds of severe occupational dental erosion (G3-5) was not significantly less in respiratory mask wearers (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.53, 1.67). Gargling did not show a significant association with occupational dental erosion in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Among occupational health behaviors, wearing personal protective respiratory masks in work was significantly associated with less overall occupational dental erosion.

Acids↗
PubMed1992

Application of Directigen FLU-A for the detection of influenza A virus in human and nonhuman specimens.

Directigen FLU-A, a new enzyme immunoassay membrane test, rapidly detects influenza A virus antigen in specimens from patients. Nasopharyngeal washes and pharyngeal gargles were used to determine the effectiveness of the assay as applied to different types of routinely collected clinical samples. All specimens had been previously shown to contain influenza A virus by virus isolation in tissue culture. Directigen FLU-A was 90% sensitive (95% confidence interval, 56 to 99.7%) with nasopharyngeal washes but only 39% sensitive (95% confidence interval, 17 to 64%) with pharyngeal gargles (P = 0.018) when used with samples containing similar amounts of infectious virus (50% tissue culture infective dose, 1.0 to 4.5). The intensity of the positive reaction with Directigen FLU-A did not correlate with the amount of virus in the specimens. Directigen FLU-A was found to detect cell-associated antigen more readily than free virus; only 20 infected cells were required to identify cell-associated influenza A virus antigen, whereas the limit of detection for free virus was 1.63 x 10(3) infectious virus particles. These findings suggest that Directigen FLU-A detects the cell-associated antigen present in clinical specimens rather than free virus. In addition, Directigen FLU-A detected avian and swine influenza A viruses in both cloacal swabs (75% sensitivity) and swine lung homogenates (86% sensitivity), indicating its potential usefulness in the surveillance of nonhuman influenza A viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of upper or lower airway anesthesia on hypercapnic ventilation in humans.

To evaluate the contribution of vagal airway receptors to ventilatory control during hypercapnia, we studied 11 normal humans. Airway receptor block was induced by inhaling an aerosol of lidocaine; a preferential upper oropharyngeal block was also induced in a subgroup by gargling a solution of the anesthetic. Inhalation of lidocaine aerosol adequate to increase cough threshold, as measured by citric acid, did not change the ventilatory response to CO2, ratio of the change in minute ventilation to change in alveolar PCO2 (delta VI/delta PACO2), compared with saline control. Breathing pattern at mean CO2-stimulated ventilation of 25 l/min showed significantly decreased respiratory frequency, increased tidal volume, and prolonged inspiratory time compared with saline. Resting breathing pattern also showed significantly increased tidal volume and inspiratory time. In nine of the same subjects gargling a lidocaine solution adequate to extinguish gag response without altering cough threshold did not change delta VI/delta PACO2 or ventilatory pattern during CO2-stimulated or resting ventilation compared with saline. These results suggest that lower but not upper oropharyngeal vagal airway receptors modulate breathing pattern during hypercapnic as well as resting ventilation but do not affect delta VI/delta PACO2.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Strategy of control of nosocomial infections: application of disinfectants such as povidone-iodine.

At Morioka Yuai Hospital, the Infection Control Division was set up 5 years ago, and it has made efforts to actively control infections. In particular, the division succeeded in increasing the frequency of general round table discussions for patients with infections. We strongly recommend to frequently gargle with Isodine at operations. Recently, we have followed up patients with infections caused by MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia or carriers of these bacteria, and determined the drug sensitivities of clinical isolates. In addition, because of the current highly aged society, a high percentage of inpatients has various underlying diseases. In particular, there are quite a few cases in which pneumonia occurs as an opportunistic infection. From studies in these patients and patients of the dental department, it has been shown that oral microorganisms clearly decrease in count by careful tooth brushing and gargling with Isodine, with prevention of pneumonitis caused by oral microorganisms. As we consider that antisepsis with povidone-iodine is useful for the prevention of nosocomial and opportunistic infections, we would like to report the findings of our study currently under way.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of mouth washing by patients after inhaling corticosteroids.

We report an effective method for mouth washing after inhalation of corticosteroids for the prevention of local adverse effects such as hoarseness and oropharyngeal candidiasis. This method involves gargling and rinsing immediately after inhalation, repeated at least twice. We performed a questionnaire survey on mouth washing after inhalation of corticosteroids of 19 inpatients who used inhaled corticosteroids at the University of Tokyo Hospital. The questions concerned: 1) awareness of local adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids; 2) gargling and rinsing habits; 3) repeating mouth washing at least twice; and 4) mouth washing immediately after inhalation. The percentage of patients correctly performing the individual maneuvers were: 1) 63.2%; 2) 36.8%; 3) 36.8%; and 4) 63.2%. The percentage of patients performing our recommended method of mouth washing (all four elements) was 11%. These results suggest that patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids poorly comprehend mouth washing procedures after inhalation of corticosteroids. It is important that pharmacists advise patients on the correct method of mouth washing.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Safety and efficacy of using high-dose topical and nebulized anesthesia to obtain endobronchial cultures.

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of high-dose topical and nebulized airway anesthesia in normal volunteers and in patients undergoing diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Lidocaine solution (4 percent) was used for gargling, for spraying the palate and oropharynx with an atomizer, and for nebulization with an air-powered nebulizer (mean total dose, 1,682 mg) and 2 percent lidocaine (Xylocaine) jelly for anesthetizing nasal passages. In six normal subjects and in eight patients, lidocaine blood levels were measured at baseline, after gargling, after spraying, after nebulization, and then at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min; 19 normal subjects and ten patients underwent the same anesthesia protocol but had no blood drawn. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 21 normal volunteers and in 18 patients and cultures obtained using the protected specimen brush. Additional endobronchial lidocaine (mean 256 mg) was given to the 18 patients after collecting the microbiology specimens. Peak lidocaine blood levels remained below 6 micrograms/ml in all cases. Cough and discomfort during bronchoscopic examination was absent or minimal in 17 of 21 normal subjects (80 percent) and in 14 of 18 patients (77 percent) and was severe in only one instance (5 percent). There were no related complications. Using only topical and nebulized anesthesia is safe and effective for performing fiberoptic bronchoscopy, especially when bacterial cultures are to be obtained and endobronchial instillation of lidocaine must be avoided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A prospective study of oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus in renal homograft recipients.

This prospective study was undertaken to examine the incidence of oropharyngeal excretions of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the period after transplantation in human renal allograft recipients. Throat gargles from 23 recipients were tested for EBV. Five patients were already EBV excretors when the first specimens were tested. Of the remaining 18 patients 15 converted to positive within the first 7 months following transplantation. Three patients never excreted EBV in their throat gargles. This prospective study showed that 15/18 (83%) renal homograft recipients acquired active EBV infection (as indicated by excretion of EBV) after transplantation; 10/15 (66%) acquired active infection between 3-7 months after transplantation. We conclude that renal homograft recipients are highly susceptible to active EBV infection especially after the second month of transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Work load analysis for oral care in special nursing homes].

The work load analysis for oral care in special nursing homes. Dental hygienists undertook oral care of 100 person who were confined to special nursing homes in Aichi prefecture, Japan. The time required, the physical load, the psychological burden were analysed. The results were summarized as follows; 1) Oral care by dental hygienist was incorporated as one of the 59 care tasks given in special nursing. 2) The working time for required oral care was 25.7 minutes per resident on an average. 3) In general, speaking to the elderly, recording on an assessment card, and observing conditions were undertaken most frequently. In oral care, tooth cleaning, gargling, cleaning of dentures, wiping of the mouth and advising those caring for the elderly, was performed most frequently. 4) In general, time taken for advising those caring for the elderly, report to the home dentistry, advising the elderly, recording, and evaluation was most common. In oral care by a dental hygienist, tooth cleaning, cleaning of the dentures, cleaning the mouth, gargling, prevention of dryness of the mouth were performed most frequently. 5) In physical activity, raising the person, moving him from the wheelchair to the bed and helping him to lie down were most frequent. In oral care by a dental hygienist, wiping the mouth, inserting dentures, tooth cleaning, cleaning the mouth and removing dentures were most common. 6) The psychological burden when lifting the person, moving him from the bed to the wheelchair and helping him to lie down was the greatest. In burden involving oral care by a dental hygienist, tooth cleaning, removing dentures, inserting dentures and cleaning the mouth were the greatest.

Homes for the Aged↗
PubMed1998

[The clinical diagnostic significance on detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen in upper respiratory tract epithelium].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early diagnosis of pulmonary mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection by detection of MP antigen in upper respiratory tract epithelium. METHOD: A prospective study on respiratory MP infection was conducted in 110 patients with acute respiratory infection from February 1996 to November 1997 in our hospital. Upper respiratory tract epithelia were collected from gargle and MP antigen was detected by immunofluorescent assay (IFA). At the same time, serum samples were taken and immunoglobulin M (IgM) fractions of specific antibody to MP were assessed by the same method in 70 of 110 patients. Moreover, clinical features, cold agglutination test and chest X-ray were also collected for analysis. RESULT: The positive rates of MP antigens and IgM antibody were 17% and 20%, respectively, while the titer on cold agglutination test > 1:8 in only two patients. The clinical features in patients with positive MP antigen and/or IgM antibody were similar to that of pulmonary MP infection. CONCLUSION: Examination of MP antigen in upper respiratory tract epithelium collected from gargle combined with serum specific IgM antibody is a good method for the early diagnosis of pulmonary MP infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[The detection of Epstein-Barr virus in middle ear effusion of secretory otitis media].

OBJECTIVE: To study the involvement of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of secretory otitis media (SOM). METHOD: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in blood serum, oral gargle and middle ear effusion was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in 34 patients with secretory otitis media and 20 normal subjects. RESULT: The detection rate of EBV in serum and oral gargle in the SOM group was remarkably higher than that in normal control group (P < 0.01). EBV positive rate of middle ear effusion was higher than that of serum group in SOM individuals. CONCLUSION: EBV plays a role in the pathogenesis of secretory otitis media (SOM).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[The study on specific anti-Streptococcus mutans IgY against dental caries in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of specific anti-streptococcus mutans IgY against streptococcus mutans on dental caries development in rats. METHODS: 35 wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: group A received IgY gargle; group B received IgY lyophilized powder; group C received sterilized water as control; group D and E received egg yolk food with or without specific IgY individually. They were all fed with caries-inducing diet 2000#. The number of caries scores was counted by the procedure of Keyes'. RESULTS: There was a significant lower mean of caries scores in groups treated with IgY lyophilized powder and gargle. By treating with egg-yolk food contained specific IgY, the mean of caries scores decreased comparing with no treatment group. CONCLUSION: Local passive immunization with specific anti-streptococcus mutans IgY may be an effective way to prevent the development of dental caries.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Effectiveness of personal protective measures in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of personal protective measures of health care workers (HCWs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). METHODS: A case-control study from ten hospitals in Guangdong, with 180 non-infected and 77 infected staff members that accessed the isolation unit every day, and participated in direct first aid for severe SARS patients. All participants were surveyed about how they were using personal protective equipment (PPE), protective drugs and hygiene habits when caring for patients with SARS. Statistical analysis was done with either chi(2) or Fisher's exact test for univariate analysis, whereas we used forward stepwise selection (Waldesian) for logistic regression. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that mask, gown, gloves, goggles, footwear, "hand-washing and disinfecting", gargle, "membrane protection", "taking shower and changing clothing after work", "avoid from eating and drinking in ward", oseltamivir phospha tall had protective effects (P < 0.05), but stepwise logistic regression showed significant differences for mask (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.60 - 0.99), goggles (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.10 - 0.41) and footwear (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39 - 0.86). Analysis for linear trend in proportions showed that dose response relationship existed in mask, gown, gloves, goggles, footwear, gargle, "membrane protection" and "taking shower and changing dree after work" (P < 0.01). The attack rate of HCWs who were rescuing severe SARS patients without any PPE was 61.5% (16/26). It seemed that the more the protective measures were used, the higher the protective effect was (P < 0.001), and could reach 100% if mask, gown, gloves, goggles, footwear, "hand-washing and disinfecting" were all used at the same time. CONCLUSIONS: Nosocomial infection of SARS can be prevented effectively by precautions against droplets and personal contact. HCWs must take strict protection according to the guidance of WHO or Chinese MOH and pay attention to personal hygiene.

China↗
PubMed2004

[A preliminary report of SARS coronavirus specific RNA in SARS convalescents and medical person].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the method of fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction (F-PCR) and gene-hip technique in detecting coronavirus in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and its value for clinical application. METHODS: Serum of 60 SARS patients, 20 samples of serum and 20 samples of gargling fluid of medical staff of the "Fever Clinic", and one cDNA specimen obtained from one SARS suspect patient were examined with F-PCR diagnosis kit and gene-chip technique for SARS coronavirus. RESULTS: Three methods, including DR Chip and two F-PCR kit from Zhongshan College Da'an gene stock company and Shanghai Fortune industrial joint-stock Co, Ltd, were used, and the results were all negative for all specimens, except one cDNA specimen, which was obtained from one SARS suspect patient, virus could be amplified by F-PCR. CONCLUSION: Special RNA fragment of SARS virus has not been detected in gargling fluid and serum of SARS convalescents and medical staff.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Dentistry and seropositivity. Therapeutic protocol].

The Authors wanted to give a basis for oral hygiene in order to reduce gingival bleed in risk patients. The experimental study tested for 21 days 63 people ex addicts divided into 3 groups: 4 periodontal probings with the Ainamo e Bay method. The statistical calculus showed an improvement in the group that had been using 3 garglings a day for 7 days and afterwards 1 gargling a day for 7 days with clorexidina glucosed 8 ml in 80 ml water for 60 seconds. It is necessary to remind risk patients of the importance of removing the plaque through brushing, without having too confidence in the garlings.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A study of H2 receptor antagonists in the treatment of chronic intractable pharyngitis.

In a controlled study of 75 patients suffering from chronic pharyngitis: 30 were treated with H2-receptor antagonist, 30 with H1-receptor antagonist, local decongestants and antiseptic gargles: and 15 treated with alum, salt or Dispirin gargles acted as controls. Best response was obtained with the first mode of treatment, raising the possibility of role of the H2-receptors in causing chronic pharyngitis. The difference was highly significant (P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Research for our special patients center. Relation to the developmental screening table and the first training check list of B-1, B-2 group].

We have adopted a behavior-modifying method in the medical care system for children with psychosomatic disorder, using the developmental screening table and the first training check list to make the method effective. Also in order to know the effect of training, patients were classified into 4 groups (A, B-1, B-2, C). We have recently made a comparative examination of both the developmental screening table and the first training check list between B-1 and B-2 groups out of these 4 groups. [Method] Subject for investigation are 32 patients belonging to B-1 and B-2 groups out of those patients who have received medical examination in the Dental Center for the Handicapped Children in our Hospital. Developmental ages and proportions permitting each behavior were determined from the table for the developmental screening table and the first training check list, respectively. On the basis of the about the developmental screening table and the first training check list, behaviors between at the consultation room and at home were compared for 2 items of greeting and gargling and the condition of applying these items was also examined. [Results] 1) The B-1 group had well-matched 5 items compared with the developmental age for the B-2 group and was easier in communication with the operator because of its high cognitive ability. 2) The B-2 group, whose speaking and sociality were low, was more difficult in communication with the operator in the practice of dental treatment, and was evident from the first training check list. 3) Lack of patient's adaptability and communication with the operator often represented patient's capability of greeting and gargling at home but not at the consultation room. 4) Some need for improvement occurred in non-answering the developmental screening table and non-entering some items of the first training check list.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1995

[The nature of the primary interaction of saccharose from aqueous solutions with the oral cavity tissues].

The course of saccharose adsorption on surface tissues of the oral cavity directly after carbohydrate loading was studied in vivo. The amount of saccharose adsorbed on tissue surface was assessed from its desorption from an isolated site of the solid phase of the oral cavity and was correlated to a unit of tissue surface. Cariogenic potential in the oral cavity was shown to be maintained to a great measure at the expense of soft tissues and, specifically, of the glossal mucosa which is characterized by a high adsorption capacity for saccharose and represents a sort of a saccharose "depot" in the oral cavity. Carbohydrate adsorption appears to be a physical process. Water gargle after sugar intake fails to solve the problem of prevention of a cariogenic situation. Weakly acid gargling appears to be more promising desorbents of saccharose from oral tissues.

Adsorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of 1% povidone iodine as a pre-procedural mouthrinse in 20 patients with varying degrees of oral hygiene.

This study is conducted to determine the different types of microorganisms found in the saliva of individuals with varying degrees of oral hygiene, also to determine the effectiveness of 1% Povidone Iodine (Betadine) 1% gargle oral antiseptic as a pre-procedural mouthrinse in individuals with varying degrees of oral hygiene, and lastly to be able to determine the duration of the effectiveness of the solution. The cheek mucosa of the patients are procured of saliva specimens without prior rinsing of 1% Povidone Iodine and the saliva sample obtained was placed on a test tube with thioglycollate culture media and was labelled. The patients are asked to rinse or to gargle immediately with 1% Povidone Iodine at full strength (20ml.) for about 30 seconds. After two hours, the cheek mucosa was then again swabbed and placed on the second test tube. After four hours, the same procedure was done and the saliva specimen obtained was labelled and placed on the third test tube. The result of this study revealed that 1% Povidone Iodine used as a pre-procedural mouthrinse has a bactericidal effect in the microorganism concentration resulting to the reduction of surviving microorganisms up to four hours which is the limitation of the study.

Adult↗