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PubMed1986

Comparative changes in a rat liver abscess model induced with three Fusobacterium necrophorum strains.

Viable cultures of 3 bovine Fusobacterium necrophorum strains were inoculated into the hepatic portal veins of rats. The experimentally produced hepatic necrobacillosis lesions were examined beginning at 15 minutes after inoculation was done and continuing for 4 weeks. Fusobacterium necrophorum 2101 (FN 2101), a biotype A, was the most virulent; F necrophorum 2030 (FN 2030), a biotype AB, was of intermediate virulence; and F necrophorum 2035 (FN 2035), a biotype B, was the least virulent. Gross lesions were first observed at 2, 8, and 18 hours after inoculation in the FN 2101-, FN 2030-, and FN 2035-inoculated rats, respectively. Gross and histopathologic descriptions of the FN 2101 and FN 2030 hepatic necrobacillosis lesions were similar, but were markedly different from those of the FN 2035 lesions. Abscesses produced by FN 2101 and FN 2030 attained maximal diameter (1 cm) in the hepatic parenchyma. Subcapsular abscesses were produced by FN 2035 and attained a diameter of 2 to 3 mm (maximal).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Septicemia due to Fusobacterium necrophorum. A case report].

Septicemia due to the anaerobic gram-negative bacillus Fusobacterium necrophorum is exceptional. It may originate in tonsillitis or intestinal or gynecological infection. We report one case in a young man with head injury. Fusobacterium necrophorum is frequently associated with aerobic pathogens such as streptococcus or staphylococcus (more than fifty per cent of the cases). Metastatic localizations are numerous, often pleuro-pulmonary (infarction, abscess), hepatic (cytolysis) and meningeal (purulent meningitis, cerebral abscess), and in some instances articular (joint swelling) or embolic. Hypercoagulability is often associated. Prognosis is severe (45% mortality rate). Penicillin G seems to be the best antibiotic but erythromycin is effective, as well as imidazole which was very active in our case.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Fusobacterium necrophorum isolated from bovine hepatic abscesses.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the resistance and susceptibility to antimicrobial compounds of Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates from bovine hepatic abscesses. PROCEDURE: 37 isolates of F necrophorum (21 subsp necrophorum and 16 subsp funduliforme) isolated from bovine hepatic abscesses were obtained from cultures grown and maintained in anaerobic brain heart infusion broth. A broth dilution method was used as an initial screening to determine general susceptibility to 31 antimicrobial compounds. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 19 of the antimicrobial compounds that inhibited growth in the initial test were determined by use of the broth microdilution method. RESULTS: Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates were generally susceptible to penicillins, tetracyclines (chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline), lincosamides (clindamycin and lincomycin), and macrolides (tylosin and erythromycin), and were resistant to aminoglycosides (kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin), ionophores (except narasin), and peptides (avoparcin, polymyxin, and thiopeptin). The 5 antimicrobials (bacitracin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tylosin, and virginiamycin) that have FDA approval for prevention of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle were inhibitory to F necrophorum. Differences in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were observed between the 2 subspecies only for clindamycin and lincomycin. The MIC of F necrophorum isolates from antibiotic-fed cattle were similar to those for isolates from nonantibiotic-fed cattle. CONCLUSIONS: The MIC of FDA-approved antibiotics were not reflective of the efficacy of antibiotics in preventing liver abscesses in feedlot cattle. Also, continuous feeding of tylosin did not appear to select resistant F necrophorum.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Pulmonary infection caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum].

Thoracic infection by anaerobes are uncommon diseases and often presents difficulty in diagnosis. We report a case of thoracic infection due to Fusobacterium Nucleatum. A 60-year old man presented a lesion infiltrating from the lung to the thoracic wall. Fusobacterium Nucleatum was isolated on pus collected. Treatment by penicillin, metronidazole combined with surgical drainage was highly effective.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of two methods for rapid testing for beta-lactamase production in Bacteroides and Fusobacterium.

A total of 978 strains of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium were tested for beta-lactamase production by a disk test (Cefinase) and a microtiter nitrocefin assay. In 83% of strains both tests were positive and in 14.8% both were negative. In 1.7% of strains the disk test was positive and the microtiter test negative, and in 0.4% the disk test negative but the microtiter test positive. The disk test was less discriminatory in detecting amoxicillin-resistant strains. The microtiter test was less sensitive than the disk test, but more discriminatory if results were read within 1 h for Fusobacterium spp., within 8 h for the Bacteroides fragilis group, and within 2 h for other Bacteroides spp. Neither test should be used clinically at present.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of the API ZYM system for identification of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium species.

The API ZYM patterns of 97 Bacteroides and 25 Fusobacterium strains were examined. The system discriminated between B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus ss. melaninogenicus, and B. melaninogenicus ss. melaninogenicus, but not between other Bacteroides species or between species of Fusobacterium. The results provided new information on the enzymatic activity of these groups of bacteria.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1996

Oral species of Fusobacterium from human and environmental samples.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was the characterization and identification of oral Fusobacterium in patients with and without periodontal disease, and from spittoons and air-water syringes. The antimicrobial susceptibility of this bacterium was evaluated. METHOD: Subgingival samples were taken using sterilized absorbent paper points. Spittoon samples were collected using sterile swabs around the drain area with shut off, and air-water syringe samples by washing the tip with Ringer solution. Samples were transferred in tubes under CO2 flux. Diluted samples were inoculated on to Omata and Disraely agar and blood agar plates, which were incubated in anaerobiosis, at 37 degrees C, for 4 days. Bacterial species were identified biochemically. MIC was determined using an agar dilution method. RESULTS: Periodontal patients, healthy subjects, spittoons and air-water syringes were 80%, 67.6%, 37.8% and 3.3% positive to Fusobacterium, respectively. Clindamycin, imipenem, lincomycin, metronidazole and tetracycline were active against all human and environmental isolates. Eighteen isolates resistant to ampicillin or penicillin G produced beta-lactamases. The presence of human oral bacteria in items of dental equipment supports the hypothesis that such equipment may serve as a vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic organisms. CONCLUSION: Pieces of dental equipment may serve as a vehicle for the transmission of oral pathogenic organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Stability and stabilization of Fusobacterium necrophorum hemolysin.

The stability and stabilization of the hemolytic activity of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme were monitored over a period of four weeks using culture supernatants. The hemolytic activity was completely lost after one week at room temperature and 37 degrees C. After a two-week storage at 4 degrees C and -80 degrees C only trace activity was detected with -80 degrees C being the better of the two conditions. The addition of cysteine monohydrochloride, bovine serum albumin or Tween 80 as stabilizers, however, led to the detection of a considerable amount of the hemolytic activity in the sample stored at 4 degrees C and - 80 degrees C throughout the period investigated. The hemolytic activity appeared to be more stable in the presence of Tween 80 at -80 degrees C. Cysteine monohydrochloride was found to crystallize at - 80 degrees C and was therefore ineffective as a stabilizer at this temperature. Hemoglobin was also ineffective as a stabilizer.

Albumins↗
PubMed2000

A Fusobacterium mortiferum strain produces a bacteriocin-like substance(s) inhibiting Salmonella enteritidis.

Seven strictly anaerobic strains showing anti-Salmonella enteritidis activity were isolated from poultry caecal contents. Among them, the most inhibitory one, a strain of Fusobacterium mortiferum, called FM1025, was selected. Biochemical tests, showing the proteinaceous structure of the antagonist(s) produced, indicated that the strain Fus. mortiferum FM1025 synthesized (a) bacteriocin-like compound(s) active against Salm. enteritidis. Among the other strains tested, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were inhibited. These preliminary results suggested the important role of the Fusobacterium strains against pathogenic bacteria among the intestinal flora.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Fusobacterium varium localized in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis stimulates species-specific antibody.

BACKGROUND: Microbial agents are a possible cause of ulcerative colitis. We have previously reported evidence of bacteria invading the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. We have isolated bacteria from inflamed colonic mucosa, examined the localization of the species in the mucosa, and assayed for serum antibodies to the bacteria. METHODS: Cohorts of 31 per group were enrolled from patients with active ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, ischemic colitis, and colon adenomas. A group of 31 healthy controls were also studied. The presence of bacteria in biopsies of patients with ulcerative colitis was analyzed by both isolation and immunohistochemistry. Sera from patients were tested for bacterial antibodies using both Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Only sera from patients with ulcerative colitis gave specific reactions with Fusobacterium varium in Western blot assays. The detection rate of specific bands was higher for patients with ulcerative colitis (61%) than for subjects with either Crohn's disease (13%) or healthy controls (29%) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.021, respectively). The ELISA showed that the mean optical densities with extracts of F. varium as antigen were significantly higher for ulcerative colitis patients than for subjects with either Crohn's disease or healthy controls (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical detection of F. varium in colonic mucosa was significantly higher in patients with ulcerative colitis (84%) than for subjects with either Crohn's disease (16%) or other controls (3-13%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Fusobacterium varium bacteria were present in a significant number of patients with active ulcerative colitis, and should be tested in therapeutic trials in order to confirm the causal relationship between F. varium and ulcerative colitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Phylogenetic analysis of Fusobacterium prausnitzii based upon the 16S rRNA gene sequence and PCR confirmation.

In order to develop a PCR method to detect Fusobacterium prausnitzii in human feces and to clarify the phylogenetic position of this species, its 16S rRNA gene sequence was determined. The sequence described in this paper is different from the 16S rRNA gene sequence is specific for F. prausnitzii, and the results of this assay confirmed that F. prausnitzii is the most common species in human feces. However, a PCR assay based on the original GenBank sequence was negative when it was performed with two strains of F. prausnitzii obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. A phylogenetic tree based on the new 16S rRNA gene sequence was constructed. On this tree F. prausnitzii was not a member of the Fusobacterium group but was closer to some Eubacterium spp. and located between Clostridium "clusters III and IV" (M.D. Collins, P.A. Lawson, A. Willems, J.J. Cordoba, J. Fernandez-Garayzabal, P. Garcia, J. Cai, H. Hippe, and J.A.E. Farrow, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:812-826, 1994).

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Characteristics of glutamate dehydrogenase, a new diagnostic marker for the genus Fusobacterium.

Enzymes representative of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism were screened for their presence and activity amongst species of the genus Fusobacterium. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was reliably detected in all 25 strains studied. The pH profile of this enzyme and the DNA base composition of selected strains were also determined. DNA base composition of selected strains ranged between 28-32.9 mol% G + C. GDH was active between pH 7.5-11.5 but two pH profiles of activity, with optima at 9.5 and 10.5, were discernible among species. Apart from Fusobacterium nucleatum, which had a heterogeneous enzyme pattern, the GDH electrophoretic mobility was constant within a species but in a few cases the enzyme bands overlapped. A combination of the pH profile, the GDH electrophoretic pattern and the DNA base composition provided clear separation of the test organisms into discrete groups; however, a larger number of strains must be examined before the full potential of these tests can be evaluated.

Base Composition↗
PubMed2006

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray data of the FadA adhesin from Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobe prevalent in the oral cavity that is associated with periodontal disease, preterm birth and infections in other parts of the human body. The bacteria attach to and invade epithelial and endothelial cells in the gum tissue and elsewhere via a 13.7 kDa adhesin protein FadA (Fusobacterium adhesin A). FadA exists in two forms: the intact form (pre-FadA), consisting of 129 amino acids, and the mature form (mFadA), which lacks an 18-residue signal sequence. Both forms have been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. mFadA has been crystallized. The crystals belong to the hexagonal space group P6(1) or P6(5), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 59.3, c = 125.7 A and one molecule per asymmetric unit. The crystals exhibit an unusually high solvent content of 74%. Synchrotron X-ray data have been collected to 1.9 A. The crystals are suitable for X-ray structure determination. The crystal structure of FadA may provide a basis for the development of therapeutic agents to combat periodontal disease and other infections associated with F. nucleatum.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

A selective medium for Fusobacterium spp.

A new selective medium (JVN) for the isolation of Fusobacterium spp. from clinical material is described. The medium incorporates josamycin, vancomycin and norfloxacin (at 3, 4 and 1 microgram/ml, respectively) as the selective agents, plus 5% defibrinated horse blood in Fastidious Anaerobe Agar Base (Lab M). This formula allowed luxuriant growth of all 82 strains (eight recognized species) of fusobacteria tested, while significantly inhibiting 51/51 (100%) strains of facultative anaerobes and 45/51 (88%) strains of other obligate anaerobes. JVN medium allowed the successful isolation of strains of Fusobacterium naviforme, F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum from the gingivae of 9/16 healthy volunteers, and strains of F. varium and F. mortiferum from faecal suspensions seeded with these organisms.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1991

Comparative in vitro susceptibility of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium isolated from footrot in sheep to 28 antimicrobial agents.

The agar dilution method was used to determine the bacteriostatic activity of 28 antimicrobial agents against 141 strains to the genus Bacteroides and 29 strains from the genus Fusobacterium. All organisms were isolated from clinical cases of ovine footrot. The strains were isolated from 125 Merino sheep, over a period of 2 years, from January 1987 to December 1988. The three ureidopenicillins studied (azlocillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin) proved to be the most effective antimicrobial agents. Chloramphenicol, metronidazole and tinidazole effectively inhibited the growth of Bacteroides spp., while phosphomycin was active against Fusobacterium spp.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Adhesive properties of strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum of the subspecies nucleatum, vincentii and polymorphum.

This study surveyed some adhesive properties of strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum representative of the 3 recently defined groups or subspecies that could relate to their colonization and virulence. With one exception, F. nucleatum strains agglutinated sheep erythrocytes, but the quantity of bacteria required and the sensitivity of the hemagglutination reactions to inhibition by 0.05 M galactose or arginine varied between strains, and did not exhibit clear-cut correlations with subspecies. Neuraminidase treatment of erythrocytes generally enhanced the hemagglutinating activity of most strains, but trypsin treatment had no effect. Strains of F. nucleatum also attached in moderate numbers to buccal epithelial cells. Treatment of the epithelial cells with neuraminidase or with trypsin increased the numbers of all Fusobacterium strains that attached. Treatment of hydroxyapatite (HA) beads with submandibular or parotid saliva also promoted the adhesion of all strains of F. nucleatum studied. Treatment of HA with human serum or albumin produced a selective effect. Adhesion of some strains was promoted by serum and albumin treatment, and that of other strains was unaffected. Adhesion of all strains of F. nucleatum was enhanced to statherin-treated HA, whereas HA treated with salivary proline-rich protein-1 did not foster F. nucleatum attachment. Three of 4 strains of the subspecies vincentii, and each of 2 polymorphum strains studied exhibited strong adhesion to HA treated with either human type I or type IV collagen. However, only 1 of 5 strains of the subspecies nucleatum bound well to collagen-treated HA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Immune response in rats against lipopolysaccharides of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides oralis administered in the root canal.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) prepared from one strain of Fusobacterium nucleatum and one strain of Bacteroides oralis were examined for immunological responses in rats. The LPS were applied to the pulp chamber of the two mandibular incisors. Using the plaque forming cell (PFC) method both antigens showed a rapid IgM response in the spleen, and a slower one in the submandibular lymph nodes. In comparison with the IgM response, the IgG response was somewhat slower and weaker for LPS of Bacteroides, while for LPS of Fusobacterium it was hardly detectable. After about 3 weeks both antigens gave a significant antibody titer in serum. The results showed that locally applied antigens of oral microorganisms can stimulate to an immune response both in the lymph nodes and the spleen resulting in circulating antibodies. The nature of this response is dependent on the chemical characteristics of the LPS-antigen.

Animals↗