Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Flushing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Mean corpuscular volume, alcohol flushing, and the predicted risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in cancer-free Japanese men.

BACKGROUND: Because some of the causes of increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), including alcoholism, acetaldehyde exposure, smoking, and poor nutrition are common to both, macrocytosis has been used as a predictor of early ESCC in Japanese alcoholics. We examined whether this was also true in the Japanese general population. METHODS: This study compared the MCV of 522 cancer-free Japanese men with his risk of ESCC as defined using drinking, smoking, dietary habits and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) genotype in a previous case-control study of ESCC involving them as control subjects. RESULTS: MCV was significantly correlated with ESCC risk predicted by drinking combined with ALDH2 genotype, smoking, or fruit intake. Men at higher risk of ESCC were more frequent in the groups with higher MCV (p < 0.0001 for trend). The replies to a questionnaire about facial flushing in response to alcohol showed that the trend was more prominent in men with current/former flushing, a surrogate marker for inactive ALDH2, than in men with no flushing (p < 0.0001). In comparison with the mean risk of men with MCV < or = 93 fl (lowest quartile), that of current/former flushing men with MCV > or = 99 fl (highest quartile) was 6.35-fold higher, whereas that of never-flushing men with MCV > or = 99 fl was 2.50-fold higher. The sensitivity and specificity of the combination of moderate-to-heavy drinking and either MCV > or = 99 fl or current/former flushing, either 30+ pack-years or MCV > or = 99 fl or either 30+ pack-years or current/former flushing for detection of high-risk persons ranking in the top 10%, was 85% and 84%, 94% and 76%, or 98% and 77%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: MCV and alcohol flushing might be used to better select candidates to screen this high-mortality-rate cancer not only in alcoholics but also in nonalcoholic Japanese men.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Circulating bradykinin-like immunoreactivity and the pentagastrin-induced carcinoid flush.

Bradykinin and structurally related peptides are potent vasodilators and a role for these kinins in the aetiology of the carcinoid flush has been proposed. Using an antiserum directed against the COOH-terminal region of bradykinin in radioimmunoassay, the concentrations of bradykinin-like immunoreactivity in extracts of peripheral blood were compared in patients with carcinoid syndrome (n = 11) and healthy subjects (n = 6). In the fasted state, the concentrations of bradykinin-like immunoreactivity in the patients (10 +/- 5 ng/l) were not significantly different from the concentrations in healthy subjects (6 +/- 3 ng/l). An intravenous injection of pentagastrin (0.6 micrograms/kg) provoked a flush of differing degrees of severity in all patients. In four patients, the flush was concurrent with large rises (277-, 26-, 11- and 10-fold over mean basal values) in bradykinin-like immunoreactivity that was resolved by high performance liquid chromatography into lysyl-bradykinin and bradykinin (approximate ratio 1:2). In two patients, small rises in immunoreactivity (2.4- and 1.7-fold) occurred after the flush and in the remaining five patients no rise in bradykinin-like immunoreactivity was measured. In the healthy subjects, the pentagastrin injection did not provoke a flush and no rises in bradykinin-like immunoreactivity were observed. The data support earlier results obtained using bioassays that the carcinoid flush in some patients is associated with the appearance in blood of bradykinin-related peptides. It has been shown, however, that these kinins cannot be the sole causative agent of the flush. It is suggested, therefore, that the aetiology of the flush is probably multi-factorial.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Flushing response and its role in alcohol disease in Siberian populations.

The characteristics of alcohol-induced flushing response were studied in some Siberian Native populations (Chukchi, Eskimo, Jakuts, Udege, and Nanaian). Flushing peculiarities were estimated and the interrelationship with drinking patterns, the ethanol patch test (EPT), and somatic disorders were analyzed. Frequency of flushing response varied from 9.0% to 66.7%, and was more often apparent among females. Only the Nanaian demonstrated typical flushing, which did not allow them to consume high doses of alcohol. In the rest of the populations flushing was "atypical," i.e., appearing sometimes after high doses of alcohol but not interrupting alcohol drinking, and not associated with a positive EPT. Direct genotyping in DNA samples of Chukotka Natives did not reveal atypical allele aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH 2/2). Frequencies of alcohol problems, alcohol dependence symptoms, and somatic disorders (arterial hypertension, silent ischemia, diffuse liver lesions, and noncalculous cholecystitis) were higher among atypical flushers compared to nonflushers (p < 0.05-0.01). The mechanism of the observed atypical flushing response is unknown. We speculate on its hereditary nature, since flushing alcoholics, compared to nonflushers, reported that their parents had flushing responses significantly more often. Further studies are required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Reliability of a flushing questionnaire and the ethanol patch test in screening for inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 and alcohol-related cancer risk.

Molecular epidemiology of esophageal and upper aerodigestive tract cancers revealed that alcohol is more carcinogenic in persons with inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) than in those with active ALDH2. A simple questionnaire has been developed to screen for the facial flushing that occurs in persons with inactive ALDH2 when they drink even a single glass of beer. In this study, 266 of 284 consecutive male Japanese clinic patients (age > or = 50 years) completed the flushing questionnaire, and 239 underwent the ethanol patch test (a cutaneous model for the flushing response). Blinded genotyping showed inactive ALDH2 for 94.4% (102 of 108) of subjects who reported always flushing (early in their drinking history or currently) and for 47.7% (21 of 44) of those who reported sometimes flushing, whereas 95.6% (109 of 114) of subjects reporting that they never exhibited facial flushing had active ALDH2. When all three categories of flushing (current always, former always, and sometimes) were collapsed into one, the questionnaire's sensitivity and specificity for identifying inactive ALDH2 were 96.1 and 79.0%, respectively, compared with 72.4 and 71.4% for the ethanol patch test. The results suggest the utility of this simple flushing questionnaire in daily practice, as well as large-scale studies to assess cancer risks associated with drinking and ALDH2 and for activities aimed at preventing alcohol-related cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Work in progress: A simple technique that may improve the rate of embryo recovery on uterine flushing in mares.

Embryo recovery rates from uterine flushings of normal mares on Day 7 or later after ovulation currently range from 55% to 80%. In contrast, pregnancy rates at 14 d in experimental mares are often higher. There appears to be a discrepancy between pregnancy rates and recovery rates of embryos on uterine flushing, indicating that some embryos are not recovered from the uterus on flushing. Per rectum ultrasound examination of the uterus of mares during flushing suggested that in some mares, the infused fluid may accumulate in the uterine body and not extend to contact the entire uterus, even after massage of the filled uterus per rectum. To increase embryo recovery rates, the flusing technique was altered to allow 3 min contact time of the flush fluid with the uterus during each of three flushes. It was thought that during this time, if the embryo was not directly contacted by the infused fluid, mobility of the embryo might cause it to move into the fluid, and thus be collected. This technique was used in 20 flushes on 14 mares, from 7 to 11 d after ovulation. Embryos were recovered on 18 of the 20 flushes. A total of 21 embryos was recovered, for an embryo recovery rate of 105%. The recovery rate from mares with single ovulations was 13/15 (87%); the recovery rate from mares with multiple ovulations was 8/5 (160%). These rates appear to be higher than those obtained previously in our laboratory and those reported by other workers in the field. These results indicate that further investigation into the efficacy of this procedure is warranted.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might reduce hot flushes: an indication from two controlled trials on soy isoflavones alone and with a PUFA supplement.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect on hot flushes of a soy isoflavone extract alone (Study A) and with the addition of a supplement of polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs (Study B). METHODS: Subjects were postmenopausal women (29 in Study A, 28 in Study B) with more than five troublesome hot flushes per day. Both studies were double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials with cross-over design, of 24-week duration. After a 2-week observation period, they were randomized to receive two capsules per day providing 60mg of isoflavones or placebo for 12 weeks; thereafter, women who had taken isoflavones were given placebo for a second 12-week period, and vice-versa. Women in the Study B were given also two capsules per day containing a PUFA supplement for the entire 24-week test period. RESULTS: Both studies showed the isoflavone extract to have no greater efficacy on hot flushes than the placebo. During the 24 weeks of the Study B there was a progressive and highly significant reduction in the number of hot flushes, independent of whether the women had begun with isoflavones or with placebo. CONCLUSION: In these two trials the isoflavone extract did not show greater efficacy on the hot flushes than the placebo. The reduction of hot flushes observed in the Study B might be due to the PUFA supplement. PUFAs, particularly Omega (Omega) 3-fatty acids, could reduce hot flushes through their influence on neuronal membranes and/or the modulation of the neurotransmitter function and the serotoninergic system. Studies specifically designed to document the action of PUFAs on hot flushes would be welcome.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2002

Presence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infected cells in flushing media following oviductal-stage embryo collection.

To improve the knowledge on the risk of transmission of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) during embryo manipulations, we conducted a double-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CAEV proviral-DNA on flushing media recovered from the oviducts 48 h after the beginning of estrus and on blood from 89 donor does. Sixty-four does had negative blood and flushing media by PCR. Among the 25 CAEV infected goats (blood PCR positive), 11 were PCR flushing media positive (P < 0.01). Cell lysate from flushing media samples that were PCR positive were serially diluted 10 times at 1:100. Starting with the second 1:100 dilution all the cell lysate samples were PCR negative. The mean number of embryos recovered was not significantly different between goats with flushing media PCR positive and goats with flushing media PCR negative (6.0 +/- 5.4 versus 7.8 +/- 4.4, respectively; mean +/- S.D.) nor between goats with blood PCR positive and goats with blood PCR negative (7.0 +/- 5.0 versus 5.9 +/- 5.3; mean +/- S.D.). The presence of CAEV infected cells in oviductal flushing media from infected donor does was indicated for the first time during this study. The absence of flushing media PCR positive for goat blood PCR negative seemed to allow the use of the blood PCR test to confidently predict the absence of CAEV provirus in the oviductal fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Assessment and treatment of hot flushes and menopausal mood disturbance.

More than 1 million women are expected to reach menopause each year, many of whom will experience hot flushes and other neuropsychological symptoms that may diminish their quality of life. Hot flushes are the core symptoms that reflect the brain's response to the changing hormonal milieu of the menopause transition, particularly to the rapidly fluctuating and falling levels of estradiol. The physical symptoms of hot flushes and the associated changes in sleep, mood, and cognition will lead many women to seek medical care. It is critical to understand the interrelationship of hot flushes and other neuropsychological symptoms of the menopause transition so that treatment priorities can be established. For example, if sleep disruption explains most daytime neuropsychological problems in women with hot flushes, treating insomnia should be considered a priority. Alternatively, mood, cognition, and quality of life may be disturbed independent of sleep problems. In such a situation, each symptom should be evaluated separately from any assessment of sleep. As recent data from the WHI establish the risks of long-term HRT use, concern about using HRT, even as a short-term intervention, has increased substantially. Although HRT remains the first-line treatment for hot flushes, the WHI findings have drawn attention to nonhormonal treatments of hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms. Growing evidence to support the efficacy of serotonergic antidepressants and other psychoactive medications in the treatment for hot flushes suggests that nonhormonal interventions will prove important alternatives to HRT. As further evidence of the benefits of psychoactive medications for menopausal symptoms is established, the choice between using hormonal and nonhormonal therapies for management of menopausal symptoms will continue to evolve.

Acetates↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of a flushing solution designed to protect kidneys from in situ ischemia.

An in situ flushing solution was evaluated with regard to the following: (1) its ability to protect the kidney during 60, 90, and 120 minutes of normothermic ischemia; (2) the effects of using an intracellular versus extracellular electrolyte composition in the flushing solution; and (3) the ability of the flushing solution to complement in situ hypothermia as a protective measure during long-term ischemia. Rat kidneys were briefly flushed in situ with an isotonic phosphate buffered solution (pH 7.2) containing 50 milliosmole of sucrose. The left renal pedicle was then immediately clamped to render the kidney ischemic and to hold the flushing solution in the kidney. Following removal of the pedicle clamp, a contralateral nephrectomy of the right kidney was performed and daily serum creatinine levels determined to evaluate postischemic renal function. The results indicate the following: (1) the flushing procedure is very effective in preventing postischemic acute renal failure following 60 minutes of normothermic ischemia, but is considerably less effective for ischemic times of 90 minutes or more; (2) an intracellular electrolyte composition in the flushing solution does not improve the protective effects of this solution; and (3) the flushing procedure can significantly improve on the protection otherwise provided by in situ hypothermia.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1997

Normal saline versus heparin flush for maintaining central venous catheter patency during apheresis collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC).

Thrombotic occlusion is frequently a complication of central venous catheters (CVCs). The original designers and producers of CVCs recommended heparin flush regimens to prevent thrombosis and maintain patency. This has become standard practice although no studies have demonstrated a relationship between heparin flushing and reduction of catheter thrombosis. Many consider the routine use of heparin flushing innocuous. However, serious complications including drug interactions and heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome (HITS) have been reported in association with heparin flushing. Numerous studies comparing heparin to saline flushing in peripheral devices suggest equal rates of thrombotic occlusions. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of thrombotic occlusions in CVCs using heparin compared to saline flushing. The study involved 78 cancer patients undergoing apheresis collection for peripheral blood stem cells; 29 received saline flushes and 49 received heparin (100 U/ml of saline) flushes. Study endpoints included slow apheresis flow rate (< 50 ml/min), urokinase use for thrombolysis, and radiographic evidence of catheter thrombosis. No significant differences were found for any endpoint between the two groups. These findings suggest saline may be as effective as heparin for maintaining patency of CVCs.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of phosphate-buffered sucrose flush solution upon the initial phase of ischaemic acute renal failure in the rat.

1. Experiments were performed upon anaesthetized rats to investigate the effect upon the initial 4 h of ischaemic acute renal failure of intrarenal flush with phosphate buffer (PB), sucrose alone and phosphate-buffered sucrose (PBS) solutions of differing compositions. 2. Kidneys flushed with PB immediately before 45 min pedicle clamp ischaemia exhibited a post-ischaemic function similar to that of control, non-flushed kidneys: they were isosthenuric and non-oliguric with a clearance of inulin (Cin) depressed to 10% of the pre-ischaemic value. 3. Kidneys flushed with 50 mmol/l sucrose in saline before ischaemia became isosthenuric, oliguric and had a more severely depressed post-ischaemic Cin compared with non-flushed kidneys. 4. Kidneys flushed with PBS containing either 50 (PBS50) or 140 (PBS140) mmol/l sucrose at pH 7 became polyuric after ischaemia, produced concentrated urine and had Cin values significantly higher than control kidneys. 5. Raising the pH of the PBS50 to 7.4 resulted in isosthenuric, polyuric kidneys that had a post-ischaemic Cin not significantly different from that of the control group. 6. It is concluded that the severity of the initial phase of ischaemic acute renal failure was significantly reduced by intrarenal flush with a PBS solution of pH 7; flush with PB or sucrose alone had no protective action.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2003

Improved lung function by means of retrograde flush in canine lung transplantation with non-heart-beating donors.

OBJECTIVE: Use of lungs from non-heart-beating donors would increase the pulmonary donor pool. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of retrograde flush in canine lung transplantation from non-heart-beating donors. METHODS: Left lung transplantation was performed in 12 weight-matched pairs of dogs. Donors were killed without heparinization, left at room temperature for 2 hours, and then randomized into 2 groups. In group AF (n = 6) lung retrieval was performed after flushing the lung block with low potassium dextran glucose (50 mL/kg) solution through the pulmonary artery. In group AF+RF (n = 6) additional retrograde flushing (low potassium dextran glucose, 25 mL/kg) was performed through the left atrium before retrieval. Flushed solution was sampled at intervals to measure hemoglobin concentrations. The lungs were preserved at 4 degrees C for 2 hours, and the left lung was implanted to the recipient being subjected to a total ischemic time of 5 hours. After left lung transplantation, the right pulmonary artery and main bronchus were ligated. Lung function, including arterial blood gas and pulmonary hemodynamics, was measured for 3 hours. For lung function study, statistical analyses were performed by using 1-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. RESULTS: Group AF+RF had significantly better gas exchange and lower wet/dry weight ratio of the transplanted lung than group AF. Changes of hemoglobin concentration in the flushed solution indicated that additional retrograde flush could remove residual microthrombi after antegrade flush. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the theory that additional retrograde flush improves lung function after lung transplantation by removing residual pulmonary microthrombi in the lungs of non-heart-beating donors.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Is the measurement of placental protein-14 and CA-125 in plasma and uterine flushings useful in the evaluation of peri-menopausal and post-menopausal bleeding?

In this prospective study, we examined the possible diagnostic value of the measurement of two endometrial proteins, placental protein-14 (PP14) and CA-125, in the evaluation of pre- and post-menopausal bleeding. Concentrations of these two proteins were measured in plasma and uterine flushings obtained from 139 pre- and post-menopausal women with bleeding problems, and 26 normal post-menopausal control women without bleeding. Endometrial biopsy samples were also obtained for histological study. Concentrations of PP14 in both the plasma and uterine flushings in post-menopausal women were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than those of control pre-menopausal women. In post-menopausal women, the concentrations of PP14 (mean +/- SEM) in both plasma and flushing were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in women with endometrial adenocarcinoma (46.9+/-7.5 ng/ml plasma; 3350+/-1711 ng/ml flushing) than in the controls (7.6+/-1.3 ng/ml plasma; 125+/-27 ng/ml flushing) or in women with post-menopausal bleeding and atrophic endometrium (20.4+/-2.1 ng/ml plasma; 453+/-167 ng/ml flushing). In contrast CA-125 concentrations in plasma and flushings were similar in post-menopausal and pre-menopausal women. Plasma concentrations of CA-125 were higher in post-menopausal women with adenocarcinoma (29.1+/-7.4 IU/ml) than in those with post-menopausal bleeding and atrophic endometrium (21.8+/-2 IU/ml) (P < 0.05) or control post-menopausal subjects (16.1+/-2.1 IU/ml) (P < 0.01). CA-125 concentrations in uterine flushings were not significantly different in any group of post-menopausal women. The results show that concentrations of PP14 are correlated more strongly to endometrial histopathology than those of CA-125 in pre- and post-menopausal women. Elevated PP14 concentrations are also associated with the presence of endometrial adenocarcinoma and may have a potential to be used as a marker for this disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

The measurement of CA 125 and placental protein 14 in uterine flushings in women with recurrent miscarriage; relation to endometrial morphology.

The concentrations of CA 125 and placental protein 14 (PP14) were measured in uterine flushings obtained throughout the luteal phase of the cycle from eight normal fertile women. The concentrations of both proteins increased in a similar pattern throughout the luteal phase of the cycle, with the most dramatic increase occurring 6 days after their luteinizing hormone surge (day LH +6). However, a greater variation in CA 125 concentrations was seen compared to that seen for PP14. The concentrations were compared to those obtained on day LH +7 of the cycle from a group (n = 35) of women with recurrent miscarriage. The ranges in concentration of PP14 and CA 125 in the flushings of fertile and recurrent miscarriage patients were very similar. However, a greater proportion of women with recurrent miscarriage (55%) had low concentrations (< 5 ng/ml) of PP14 than in the control group (12.5%) and the concentrations of PP14 in the uterine flushings were significantly less (P < 0.05) in women with recurrent miscarriage compared to the normal fertile group. There was no significant difference in the concentration of CA 125 in the uterine flushings between the two groups. Histological observation of the endometrial biopsy samples from recurrent miscarriage patients gave menstrual cycle datings that ranged from day LH +2.5 to LH +6.5 with retarded endometrium (< day LH +5) in 12 of 35 (34%) patients. Of these 12 patients, 10 (83%) had low PP14 concentrations and six (50%) had low CA 125 concentrations in their uterine flushings. In the recurrent miscarriage patients with histologically normal (> or = day LH +5) endometrial development, 10 out of 23 (43%) also had low PP14 concentrations and 8 out of 23 (35%) had low CA 125 in their uterine flushings. The results suggest that PP14 is better than CA 125 as a marker for endometrial function in this group of women. In some cases (52%) the low concentrations of PP14 in the uterine flushings could be explained by retarded endometrial development but for the others the reduction in PP14 concentration in the uterine flushing was not associated with retardation of endometrial development.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed2000

Time-dependent pressure distortion in a catheter-transducer system: correction by fast flush.

BACKGROUND: Distortion of the pressure wave by a liquid-filled catheter-transducer system leads most often to an overestimation in systolic arterial blood pressure in pulmonary and systemic circulations. The pressure distortion depends on the catheter-transducer frequency response. Many monitoring systems use either mechanical or electronic filters to reduce this distortion. Such filters assume, however, that the catheter-transducer frequency response does not change over time. The current study aimed to study the changes with time of the catheter-transducer frequency response and design a flush procedure to reverse these changes back to baseline. METHODS: An in vitro setup was devised to assess the catheter-transducer frequency response in conditions approximating some of those met in a clinical environment (slow flushing, 37 degrees C, 48-h test). Several flush protocols were assessed. RESULTS: Within 48 h, catheter-transducer natural frequency decreased from 17.89 +/- 0.36 (mean +/- SD) to 7.35 +/- 0.25 Hz, and the catheter-transducer damping coefficient increased from 0.234 +/- 0.004 to 0.356 +/- 0.010. Slow and rapid flushing by the flush device built into the pressure transducer did not correct these changes, which were reversed only by manual fast flush of the transducer and of the catheter. These changes and parallel changes in catheter-transducer compliance may be explained by bubbles inside the catheter-transducer. CONCLUSIONS: Catheter-transducer-induced blood pressure distortion changes with time. This change may be reversed by a manual fast flush or "rocket flush" procedure, allowing a con. stant correction by a filter.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1999

Hypothermic aortic arch flush for preservation during exsanguination cardiac arrest of 15 minutes in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Trauma victims rarely survive cardiac arrest from exsanguination. Survivors may suffer neurologic damage. Our hypothesis was that a hypothermic aortic arch flush of 500 mL of isotonic saline solution at 4 degrees C, compared with 24 degrees C (room temperature), administered at the start of prolonged exsanguination cardiac arrest (CA) would improve functional neurologic outcome in dogs. METHODS: Seventeen male hunting dogs were prepared under light N2O-halothane anesthesia. The animals were randomized into two groups: group I (n = 9) received 4 degrees C isotonic saline flush and group II (n = 6) received 24 degrees C flush. Two additional dogs received no flush. While spontaneously breathing, the dogs underwent normothermic (tympanic membrane temperature [Ttm] = 37.5 degrees C) exsanguination over 5 minutes to cardiac arrest, assured by electric induction of ventricular fibrillation. After 2 minutes of arrest, the flush was administered over 1 minute into the aortic arch by means of a 13 French balloon-tipped catheter inserted by means of the femoral artery. After 15 minutes of CA, resuscitation was with closed-chest cardiopulmonary bypass, return of shed blood, and defibrillation. For the first 12 hours after CA, core temperature was maintained at 34 degrees C. Mechanical ventilation was continued to 20 hours and intensive care to 72 hours, when final evaluation and perfusion-fixation killing for brain histologic damage scoring were performed. RESULTS: Three dogs in group I were excluded because of extracerebral complications. All 14 dogs that followed protocol survived. During CA, the Ttm decreased to 33.6 +/- 1.2 degrees C in group I and 35.9 +/- 0.4 degrees C in group II (p = 0.002). At 72 hours, in group I, all dogs achieved an overall performance category (OPC) of 1 (normal). In group II, 1 dog was OPC 2 (moderate disability), 3 dogs were OPC 3 (severe disability), and 2 dogs were OPC 4 (coma). Both dogs without flush were OPC 4. Neurologic deficit scores (NDS 0% = normal, 100% = brain death) were 1 +/- 1% in group I and 41 +/- 12% in group II (p < 0.05). The two dogs without flush achieved an NDS of 47% and 59%. Total brain histologic damage scores were 35 +/- 28 in group I and 82 +/- 17 in group II (p < 0.01); and 124 and 200 in the nonflushed dogs. CONCLUSION: At the start of 15 minutes of exsanguination cardiac arrest in dogs, hypothermic aortic arch flush allows resuscitation to survival with normal neurologic function and histologically almost clean brains.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of hot flushes during and after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for localized prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the prevalence of hot flushes after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. METHODS: Forty-three patients who received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy before radical prostatectomy were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding hot flushes. RESULTS: Complete information was available for 35 of the 43 patients. No hot flushes were noted in 20%; in 69%, hot flushes were noted during treatment but resolved after termination of treatment; and in 11%, hot flushes continued for at least 3 months after cessation of hormonal therapy. Analyzing the data with respect to duration of hormonal therapy showed that patients receiving neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for more than 4 months had the highest incidence of persistent hot flushes. CONCLUSIONS: Hot flushes will be noted in 80% of patients who receive neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. In approximately 10%, hot flushes will continue for a significant period after hormonal therapy is terminated. Patients should be apprised of this potential side effect.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMed2000

The effects of inhaled nitric oxide, gabexate mesilate, and retrograde flush in the lung graft from non-heart beating minipig donors.

BACKGROUND: The use of lung grafts from non-heart-beating donors (NHBD) is one way of solving the donor organ shortage problem. In this experiment, we studied the effect of retrograde flush (RF) from the left atrium before harvest, inhaled nitric oxide (NO), and gabexate mesilate (FOY), a protease inhibitor, in the lung grafts from NHBD. METHODS: Forty-eight Lee-Sung, small-ear, miniature pigs (15-20 kg) were divided into 24 pairs (donor and recipient) and four groups. The donor lungs were flushed and harvested 90 min after cardiac arrest. No i.v. heparin was administered until the time before flush and harvest. Left single lung transplantation was undertaken, and the recipients were observed for 18 hr. The grafts warm and cold ischemia times were 90 (controlled) and 183+/-23.4 min. Group 1 (untreated control, UC, n=6) had core perfusion through a Swan-Ganz catheter followed by a single, antegrade flush with modified Euro-Collin's solution containing heparin, urokinase, and PGE1. Group 2 (RF group, n=6) had the same as group 1, except that one additive retrograde flush through the left atrium was administered. Group 3 (NO group, n=6) had the same as group 1, except that 20 parts per million (ppm) inhaled NO was administered for the cadaver donors before the graft harvest, and for the recipients after the grafts reperfusion. Group 4 (FOY group, n=6) had the same as group 1, except that the recipients received FOY i.v. infusion from the beginning of the recipient's operation and continuously throughout the experiments. RESULTS: Compared with the group 1 (control), group 2 (RF) had significantly (P<0.05) lower mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), lung wet/dry ratio, histological lung injury score, and higher PaO2/FiO2 and pulmonary dynamic compliance. Group 3 (NO) had significantly lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure, PVR, lung injury score, degree of tissue neutrophils infiltration (histological and myeloperoxidase assay), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein content and neutrophils (PMNs) percentage, and higher PaO2/FiO2 and pulmonary dynamic compliance. Group 4 (FOY) had significantly lower PMNs infiltration, lung injury score, wet/dry ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein and PMNs percentage, and higher PaO2/FiO2. Group 2 (RF) revealed better gas exchange (PaO2/FiO2) than the control (group 1) at earlier reperfusion periods (1st and 5th hr). On the contrary, group 4 (FOY) had higher PaO2/FiO2 than group 1 only at later period (18th hr). Pathologically, retrograde flush (group 2, RF) inhibited the intravascular thrombi formation more effectively than the NO or FOY treatment. However, the NO or FOY treatment inhibited the neutrophil infiltration more effectively than did the retrograde flush. CONCLUSION: The retrograde flush, inhaled NO and FOY infusion are beneficial to the protection of the NHBD lung grafts at an early reperfusion period, through different mechanisms. The use of these treatments in combination might help us to find a better way to protect the NHBD grafts against the preservation and reperfusion injury.

Administration, Inhalation↗