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PubMed1979

A double-blind comparison of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia.

Sixty-four chronic stabilised schizophrenics were studied for 18 months in order to assess the possible difference in therapeutic effects and side effects between flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate. Although certain differences in the BPRS sub-scores in favour of flupenthixol were present at various stages in the study, there was no significant difference between the two drugs in the overall antipsychotic scores at the end of the assessment period; however, more patients on fluphenating required additional therpay for depression or anxiety during the trial period.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1981

A depot neuroleptic withdrawal study. A controlled study of the clinical effects of the withdrawal of depot fluphenazine decanoate and depot flupenthixol decanoate in chronic schizophrenic patients.

A double-blind withdrawal trial in 41 chronic schizophrenic outpatients on neuroleptics was carried out during 6 months. Long-acting neuroleptics (fluphenazine decanoate or flupenthixol decanoate) were used in comparison with placebo to determine the value in maintenance therapy. Most patients had a rather low maintenance dose, about 12.5-25 mg fluphenazine decanoate or 20-40 mg flupenthixol decanoate every third week. Relapse was often characterized by a return of the dame symptoms as the patient had during his first schizophrenic attack. Drugs were significantly more effective than placebo in preventing relapse and readmission to hospital. 62% relapsed in the placebo groups as compared with 27% in the drug group. All patients on active substance and without relapse during the controlled study had their treatment discontinued for 24 months in an open follow-up investigation. This resulted in relapse of all patients but one, i.e. a final relapse frequency of 97%. A significant weight decrease was observed in the placebo group. The risk of withdrawal is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of alpha-flupenthixol and naloxone on CRF-induced locomotor activation.

Corticotropin-releasing factor injected intracerebroventricularly in a dose of 1 microgram produced a prolonged locomotor activation (3 h) in rats previously habituated to the test cage environment. This activation was reversed by alpha-flupenthixol (intraperitoneally), a dopamine receptor antagonist, only at cataleptic doses and not at all by naloxone (subcutaneously) in doses of 0.02-5.0 mg/kg. The effective dose 50% (ED50) for the alpha-flupenthixol reversal of locomotor activity induced by corticotropin-releasing factor was 0.13 mg/kg; similar to the 0.14 mg/kg ED50 needed to reverse the locomotor activation produced by caffeine (10 mg/kg s.c.). The ED50 necessary to reverse amphetamine (0.75 mg/kg s.c.) locomotion with this drug was 0.07 mg/kg. The results suggest that the corticotropin-releasing factor acts independently of direct activation of the dopamine or opioid peptide systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Clinical and social comparison of fluphenazine decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in the community maintenance therapy of schizophrenia.

The clinical and social effects of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate were compared in the maintenance treatment of a population of chronic schizophrenic out-patients over a period of 9 months. The results failed to show significant difference between the treatments, and in particular, reports suggesting specific advantages for flupenthixol decanoate in alleviating the negative symptoms of apathy, anergia and depression in chronic schizophrenics were not confirmed. It seems that chronic schizophrenic patients who are well established on one depot preparation are unlikely to be benefited by being changed to the alternative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The long-term treatment of periodical and cyclic depressions with flupenthixol decanoate.

In a 2- to 3-year open study 30 patients were treated with flupenthixol decanoate (depot form). These periodic and cyclic depressive patients had side effects during treatment with lithium salts. In comparison with the depressive and manic phases before the treatment, the prophylactic effect of flupenthixol decanoate on periodic and cyclic forms of depression was similar to the effect of lithium salts.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Once daily flupenthixol in the treatment of elderly depressed patients: a multi-centre trial in general practice.

Ninety-five elderly depressed patients were entered into an open trial of 0.5 to 1.0 mg flupenthixol dihydrochloride, as a single daily dose in the morning. Eighty-seven patients were treated and assessed for 14 days, 6 patients failed to attend follow-up appointments and 2 patients were withdrawn from the trial because of acute physical illness. After 14-days' treatment, a decrease in the severity of the illness was recorded on the Clinical Global Impression Scale in 77% of the patients, and statistically significant improvements were noted in the 5 individually rated symptoms of lowered mood, fatigue, tendency to weep, feelings of inadequacy and irritability. The number and severity of adverse effects recorded on a check-list decreased during the treatment period. The results suggest that flupenthixol is an effective antidepressant and is well tolerated by the elderly as a single daily dose.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

High dose flupenthixol decanoate in chronic schizophrenia.

In a double-blind trial, female 'drug-resistant' chronic schizophrenic in-patients were given high dose or standard dose flupenthixol decanoate for 13 weeks. Plasma flupenthixol levels showed a five-fold interindividual variation, but were consistently higher with the high dose. Analysis of final scores showed no statistically significant differences between groups with regards to mental state, ward behaviour and extrapyramidal side-effects. When compared with pre-trial scores, the extrapyramidal side-effects worsened significantly in the high dose patients and social withdrawal decreased in the standard dose patients. The mental state of a sub-group of patients, possibly drug resistant for pharmacokinetic reasons, improved significantly on the high dose over the 13 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The Scottish First Episode Schizophrenia Study. II. Treatment: pimozide versus flupenthixol. The Scottish Schizophrenia Research Group.

In a randomised double-blind study, 46 first episode schizophrenics were given pimozide or flupenthixol for up to 5 weeks; the mean daily dose at the end was 18.8 mg pimozide and 20 mg flupenthixol. There were no significant between-drug differences in the effect on mental state or behaviour; positive schizophrenic symptoms responded to treatment, negative symptoms did not. Most patients required anti-Parkinsonian medication. Poor response was associated with 'organicity'. A switch to maintenance therapy after 5 weeks, the outcome of successful treatment and patient cooperation, was achieved in only 54%. There was no relationship between plasma prolactin levels and severity of schizophrenic symptoms in unmedicated patients. Pimozide produced greater elevation of plasma prolactin. Plasma neuroleptic levels showed drug compliance was satisfactory throughout in only 54%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effect of two weeks' treatment with chlordiazepoxide or flupenthixole, alone or in combination with alcohol, on psychomotor skills related to driving.

The effects of two weeks' treatment with chlordiazepoxide 10 mg t.i.d. or flupenthixole 0.5 mg t.i.d. on human psychomotor performance related to driving was examined on 20 healthy male students aged 20 to 23 years. The tests used were a choice reaction, two co-ordination and an attention test having correlation with traffic behaviour. Neither chlordiazepoxide nor flupenthixole impaired psychomotor performance on the 7th or 14th days of the experiment. The combination of either drug with 0.5 g/kg of alcohol impaired co-ordination and attention to an extent which can be considered dangerous for traffic and occupational life. Their interaction with alcohol was not so strong as that between diazepam and alcohol. The combination of chlordiazepoxide with alcohol tended to increase the anxiety of the normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Antidepressant effects of flupenthixol.

Strong evidence exists that flupenthixol, not presently distributed in the United States, is an effective antidepressant. Its advantages over available antidepressants include its safety with respect to overdose and in combination with other medications, low dependency risk, rapid onset of action, and availability in depot preparation. Flupenthixol also may be useful as a mood elevator for schizophrenics, an alternative mood stabilizer for patients with bipolar disease, and a facilitator for cocaine withdrawal.

Affect↗
PubMed1987

Flupenthixol in chronic schizophrenic inpatients: a controlled comparison with haloperidol.

Two neuroleptics having different effects at dopamine receptors were administered to chronic schizophrenic inpatients to compare their therapeutic efficacy and ability to produce side effects. Haloperidol appeared to produce lower levels of psychopathology than flupenthixol but similar levels of side effects. No evidence was found that flupenthixol is specifically useful in "activating" chronic patients or in alleviating affective symptoms. Although these are preliminary results, they support the view that D2 receptors may mediate the antipsychotic effects of neuroleptic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Radioreceptor assay in checking serum concentration in long-term treatment with cis(z)-flupenthixol decanoate.

24 patients have been treated with cis(z)-flupenthixol decanoate for 6-12 months. Intramuscular injections were given about every 3 weeks. Before treatment and on each day of injection the mental state was assessed by BPRS and registration of side effects was performed. Blood samples were taken 7 days after each injection and on the last day of the dosage interval. Neuroleptic activity was determined in serum by RRA and expressed in cis(z)-flupenthixol equivalents. The drug level was significantly correlated to the dose. No clear relationship between drug level and clinical results as well as side effects was found. Less pronounced variations of the drug level between subsequent injections resulted in a positive therapeutic response.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Contribution to the pharmacology of a novel neuroleptic drug: flupenthixol (author's transl)].

Flupenthixol, which is chemically closely related to clopenthixol and fluphenamine, has the following properties: it reduces spontaneous motor activity, disturbs the behaviour, potentiates hexobarbital and chloral sleep, lowers central temperature and protects from death due to amphetamine; it is cataleptigenous and antagonizes apomorphic vomiting; it has marked adrenolytic and antihistaminic properties; its analgesic action is noteworthy. Flupenthixol presents the pharmacological profile of a neuroleptic drug.

Amines↗
PubMed1982

The use of flupenthixol ('Fluanxol') in the management of behavioural disorders in disturbed and psychotic children.

Twenty-four children treated wih flupenthixol for behavioural disorders were studied in the out-patient clinic. The drug was given in small doses (0.4 to 2.0 mg per day) for periods ranging from 6 months to 2 years as an alternative to psychotherapy in cases where the latter was not possible. All patients were diagnosed clinically and psychologically as suffering from progressive symptoms of aggression or psychosis. Both the clinical and the psychological assessments showed improvement, particularly in insomnia and aggression. There was also improvement in social contact and concentration leading to improvement in performance at school. Although the health of the children remained very delicate, the results achieved with flupenthixol appeared to be stable even after treatment was stopped.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The successful pharmacological treatment of adolescents and young adults with borderline personality disorder: a preliminary open trial of flupenthixol.

Borderline personality disorder is a significantly disabling disturbance often arising in adolescents or young adults. In the absence of demonstrated effective treatments in this population, this open prospective study evaluated the effect of low dose (3 mg per day) flupenthixol in 13 rigorously diagnosed adolescents with borderline personality disorder. Therapeutic outcome over eight weeks of treatment assessed across measures of impulsivity, depression/dysphoria, general psychopathology and global functioning showed significant improvement in all spheres. These findings suggest that low dose flupenthixol may have a role to play in the short-term treatment of this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The decanoates of flupenthixol and clopenthixol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic in-patients. Implications for community psychiatry.

Vagrant chronic schizophrenic subjects in a stable untreated state received in-patient treatment with either Flupenthixol decanoate or Clopenthixol decanoate. Both drugs were found to be significantly effective and well tolerated. The apparent better response to Flupenthixol decanoate was seen as dose-dependent. The findings and their implications for Community Psychiatry, particularly in developing countries are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Flupenthixol dihydrochloride decomposition in aqueous solution.

Flupenthixol dihydrochloride in aqueous solution oxidized to trifluoromethylthioxanthone, ethanol, and piperazine via aldehydic and epoxidic intermediates in the presence of air. The formation rate of trifluoromethylthioxanthone increased with increases in pH and oxygen concentration. Buffer ions also affected the decomposition rate. Micelle formation by the drug markedly influenced its oxidation rate.

Drug Stability↗