Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Fish Flour”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

A biological assay for determination of availability of selenium for restoring blood plasma gluthathione peroxidase activity in selenium-depleted chicks.

This study was undertaken to develop an assay for the determination of biological availability of selenium. In a preliminary experiment, commercial male, White Leghorn chicks had significantly reduced glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma after 7 days of depletion on a selenium-deficient (0.04 ppm of Se) diet. Selenium-depleted chicks fed graded levels of selenium (0.02--0.10 ppm in steps of 0.02 ppm) for 9 days had glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma which was linearly, highly correlated with dietary selenium content. In three subsequent experiments, chicks were fed a selenium-deficient diet for 7 days and were then distributed into groups of five chicks each. The standard diets, which contained 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 ppm of selenium added as NaHSeO3, and the test diets, which contained three levels of each test substance and provided selenium supplements within the standard range, were each fed to three groups of chicks for 9 days. The dose parameter was selenium, in the standard groups added as NaHSeO3 and in the test groups provided by the selenium present in the test substance. The response parameter was blood plasma glutathione peroxidase activity. Statistical analyses of the results utilizing four fish meals as test substances revealed that the assay complied with the requirements for statistical and fundamental validity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Availability of selenium in fish meal in comparison with soybean meal, corn gluten meal and selenomethionine relative to selenium in sodiumselenite for restoring glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-depleted chicks.

We assayed the availability of selenium in feeds and selenomethionine relative to selenium in sodium selenite for restoring blood serum glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-depleted chicks. The contents of total selenium (determined by neutron activation analyses) were for eight samples of capelin fish meal, 1.34, two samples of mackerel fish meal, 6.17, one sample of solvent-extracted soybean meal, 0.42, and one sample of corn gluten meal, 0.54 ppm in dry matter. The availability of the selenium (relative to selenium in selenite=100%) in capelin fish meal was 48.0 (38.5--60.0), mackerel fish meal, 34.1 (32.3--35.8), soybean meal, 17.5, corn gluten meal, 25.7, and in selenomethionine, 78.3%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Lipid keratopathy and atheromatosis in an SPF laboratory rabbit colony attributable to diet.

Sporadic cases of corneal opacity occurred in an SPF rabbit colony fed on a diet containing 10% white fish-meal. Routine histological monitoring also revealed atheromatous lesions involving the intima of the aorta, coronary arteries and the arteries of other organs in 29 rabbits examined. Serum cholesterol levels above 10 mmol/l were found in 7 rabbits, including 4 affected with corneal lesions, which proved to be lipid keratopathy on histochemical and electron microscopical examination. The serum cholesterol level was found to be within normal range (below 2.27 mmol/l) in 10 rabbits reared entirely on a modified version of the diet, where the 10% fish-meal content was replaced with 10% grass-meal. No more ocular or atheromatous lesions have been found since the adoption of the new diet for the colony.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of larval development of Anopheles darlingi (Diptera-Culicidae) raised in the laboratory on different diets].

Three diets for A. darlingi larvae were tested in order to arrive at the following parameters indicative of development in this phase: length of time, both for overall as for each stage of evolution and daily and total stage-survival. A methodology which combined two vital statistical methods of analysis, adjusted to the study of populations under laboratory conditions, was used for determining these parameters. The length of time for overall and for each stage of, evolution were graphically assessed on the basis of trend curves of colony median stages, in sequential surveys. Values for the total and the daily stage-survival were stimulated from survival tables. Results permitted the selection of the most adequate diet for the larval development as that composed of one part of fish flour to two parts of bread flour and two parts of a heat germ, giving an average length of 12.9 days between the first larval stage and the emergent adult. Total survival rate was of 95%.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of fractions of fish meal and hepatic lipid deposition in estrogenized chicks.

Three experiments were conducted for the purpose of determining the effect of feeding isoenergetic diets with and without fish meal or its fractions on hepatic lipid deposition in estrogenized chicks. The chicks were fasted for 48 hr before being fed the experimental diets and were injected with estradiol three times during the experiment. After 4 days, hepatic lipid content was determined. In the first experiment, the quantity of hepatic lipid deposited per unit of liver and per 100 g body weight was significantly less for chicks fed 10% fish meal and an ethanol extract of fish meal equivalent to 10% than for chicks fed an unsupplemented corn-soy diet. In a second experiment a significant reduction in hepatic lipids deposited per 100 g body weight was observed with 10% fish meal but only a numerical reduction with ethanol extracts of fish meal equivalent to 10 or 20% and the ash of ethanol extract equivalent to 20%. In a third experiment a highly significant reduction in hepatic lipid deposition was observed in birds refed a diet containing fish meal, alfalfa, and torula yeast but feeding this before the starvation-refeeding period did not affect liver lipids. These results show that fish meal contains hepatic lipid lowering activity in refed estrogenized chicks and suggest that the activity may be extracted with ethanol.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of gizzerosine, a recently discovered compound in overheated fish meal, on the gastric acid secretion in chicken.

The effect of gizzerosine [2-amino-9-(4-imidazolyl)-7-azanonanoic acid], which causes gizzard erosion in chicks, on gastric acid secretion was studied in young chicks. Three-day-old broiler chicks given a diet containing synthetic DL-gizzerosine showed severe symptoms of gizzard erosion after 7 days. The pH of the gastric and duodenal contents of these chicks was lower than that of the control chicks, demonstrating that acid secretion was enhanced in gizzerosine-fed chicks. The pH of gastric contents was lower and the amount of total gastric acid was higher in 1-day fasted chicks injected with gizzerosine intravenously than in those injected with physiological saline solution. The intramuscular injection of cimetidine, H2-receptor antagonist of histamine, blocked the stimulation of acid secretion by gizzerosine and by histamine. Cimetidine added in feed also prevented gizzard erosion, which was induced by feeding overheated mackerel meal. The results showed that gizzard erosion developed after oral or intravenous administration of gizzerosine is caused at least in part by the enhanced gastric acid secretion. Furthermore, it was suggested that gizzerosine acts on H2-receptor of histamine and stimulates the gastric acid secretion in broiler chicks.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Gizzerosine raises the intracellular cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate level in isolated chicken proventriculus.

Gizzerosine, which was originally found in fish meal, is a compound that causes gizzard erosion and ulceration in chicks. The action of gizzerosine on the isolated cells of chicken proventriculus was studied in the present investigations. Gizzerosine increased intracellular cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels, reaching a plateau within 30 min. Similar maxima of cAMP level were observed in the presence of histamine or gizzerosine. However, the potency of gizzerosine was approximately 1,000-fold higher than that of histamine. The action of gizzerosine was depressed by cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, but not by pyrilamine, a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, indicating that gizzerosine is a very strong histamine H2-receptor agonist. The mucosal cells isolated from the proventriculus by the present procedure had both histamine H1 and H2-receptors. Gizzerosine showed a higher affinity to the cell surface histamine receptor than histamine. These results partly explain the potent activity of gizzerosine in inducing gastric acid secretion and causing gizzard erosion and ulceration in chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of synthetic gizzerosine on growth, mortality, and gizzard erosion in broiler chicks.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the dose-dependent response of synthetic DL-gizzerosine (GIZZ) on the growth, mortality, and gizzard erosion (GE) of male broiler chicks. In a short-term experiment (7 days duration), 4-day-old chicks were fed diets supplemented with 20 levels of GIZZ (from 0 to 18 ppm) in three trials. In a long-term experiment (28 days duration), day-old chicks were fed diets supplemented with eight levels of GIZZ (from 0 to 1 ppm) in two trials. The GE scores, growth and mortality were measured. In the short-term experiment, GE scores of groups fed incremented levels of GIZZ increased rapidly up to 3 ppm of supplemental GIZZ. Weight gain was unaffected until the 1-ppm GIZZ supplementation level was reached, but scores were linearly depressed with increasing increments of dietary GIZZ thereafter. The first mortality occurred at 2 ppm dietary GIZZ, and the mortality rate increased with higher dietary GIZZ levels. In the long-term experiment, the GE scores also increased with increasing increments of supplemental GIZZ. Growth rates of birds fed supplemental GIZZ levels from 0 to .9 ppm were almost the same; growth rate declined at 1.0 ppm GIZZ. Mortality first appeared at .8 ppm supplemental GIZZ. It is suggested that the recommended concentration of GIZZ in practical diets should be less than .4 ppm (L-form).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Processing and evaluation of fish silage from accompanying fauna of shrimps].

Fish silage for animal feed was produced from a mixture of several fish species belonging to the shrimp by catch. All of them were ground and mixed with formic and sulfuric acids, 3.5% w/w at 1:2; 1:3 and 1:4, respectively, and stored at room temperature for 15 days, to complete liquefaction. The pH, exuded liquid, consistency, soluble nitrogen, total volatile bases, trimethylamine, lipid oxidation by thiobarbituric acid test and microbial count were measured during the 60 days of the storage period. Fish silage was dried and used for biological tests in chicken fed a diet with 6% of silage as a substitute of fish meal. Results of proximal analysis, amino acid profile and mineral content, as well as of the biological test with the dried product, indicated the feasibility of using fish silage as a substitute of traditional fish meal for the chicks included in the trial. This fact, coupled to its simple processing technology, make fish silage adequate for utilization as animal feed.

Animal Feed↗