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[Methods of oral resuscitation and its value in first aid].
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[Effects of nuclear weapon detonations on the human organism and measures of first aid].
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First-aid transparent splints.
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[Study of a kit of polyvalent medication for first aid].
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[Medico-legal considerations on the activities of the military physician in first aid].
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[Pharmacotherapy at the Ostrava area 1 pediatric first aid station].
The author investigated the prescription of the most frequently recommended drugs at the medical first aid station in Ostrava 1 during the period 1985-1988, when a total of 53,212 children were treated. Most frequently antibiotics were prescribed--on average 33.8% with a maximum of prescription in the winter months. The second place was held by antipyretics, most frequently Acylpyrin, during the summer months--20.4%.
[Psychiatric emergency and first level intervention. Analysis of a series of attempted suicides at a Turin First Aid station].
The present study was carried out in a Turin Hospital and considers interventions for attempted suicide in the period March-May 1988, examining psychopathological and social characteristics. No epidemiological evaluation was made of the problem but rather an analysis of the specialist and general assistance given to these patients in First Aid structures, the therapeutic protocols that preceded the attempted suicide, motivations and modalities involved. In addition, a three-month follow-up looked at the therapeutic destiny of the cases. In the last analysis, an attempt was made to evaluate the therapeutic interaction between local psychiatric services and the First Aid facility of a general hospital: in fact, according to the health service reform law and the application of Law 180, the DEA, as a hospital structure, forms part of the structures delegated to the treatment of mental disturbances.
[Normobaric oxygenation as a first-aid measure in decompression sickness].
Most divers and diving medicine specialists know that application of normobaric oxygen as first aid after a bubble disease incident is highly effective. However, as yet technical difficulties acted as a deterrent to using normobaric oxygen at the diving site. This can now be overcome by a newer technique. To be efficient, any therapy of bubble disease should follow three main principles: maximal partial pressure of inhaled oxygen (i.e. 100 kpa in normobaric, and 280 kpa in hyperbaric conditions); minimal partial pressure of inhaled nitrogen, which should ideally be near zero; immediate start of therapy, if possible at the diving site, but not later than 2 hours after the onset of the first symptoms. However, it has to be borne in mind that for an efficient normobaric oxygenation (100%), the standard apparatus design without oxygen reservoir is obsolete, for it offers at most 40% oxygen to the lungs. Currently the following technical approaches for an efficient normobaric oxygenation are available: open one-way systems with tightly fitting mask and oxygen reservoir bag (type Ambu or Leardal, etc.); open systems with on-demand regulation and tightly fitting mouth piece (type SCUBA, or Bird-respirator); closed systems with CO2 absorber (type oxygen rebreathing diving gear). The closed system is a genuine technical advance, because it needs 15 times less oxygen than open systems (about 90 liters oxygen for a 3-hours oxygenation run). Such an apparatus is thus of light weight, far less cumbersome, and nevertheless highly efficient. The therapy should start immediately at the site of the mishap and be maintained during the transport to the next HBO-unit (usually 3 to 6 hours).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effects of first aid training on public awareness of the management of a seriously injured patient.
Members of the public were questioned regarding previous first aid training and whether they believed that they would be able to manage a seriously injured person adequately. They were then assessed as to their awareness of basic principles of dealing with such a person. It was found that, whilst confidence as an independent variable was not associated with better knowledge, those who had some form of training were significantly more confident about their own abilities and also performed better in the assessment. However there remained a minority who would be unwilling to become involved in the initial treatment of a seriously injured person and training did not appear to reduce this tendency.
First aid for fractures. 3. Spine, ribs and clavicle.
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[First aid in head and brain injuries (author's transl)].
In the last 7 years were observed 945 patients with head injuries in our emergency care. First aid is aimed to stabilize respiration and cardiovascular system and to avoid secondary posttraumatic lesions.
Ethical implications of first aid.
Nurses have a moral duty to act when faced with emergency situations. Fear of legal recourse is no excuse for failing to provide first-aid care. This article considers the ethical implications for the nurse, midwife and health visitor at the scene of an accident.
New first-aid measures for envenomation: with special reference to bites by the Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus).
The advantages of the pressure/immobilization technique as the first-aid measure for envenomation are discussed. The use of arterial tourniquets is no longer recommended in the management of any type of envenomation in Australia.