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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Care for AIDS patients in developing countries: a review.

As an ever increasing number of HIV-infected persons develop AIDS, treating the manifestations associated with HIV infection has become a new challenge to health sectors in developing countries. Given resource constraints of health systems before the AIDS epidemic, there is an urgent need to start examining ways in which health care can be delivered to the large number of AIDS patients, without infringing on other primary health care activities. This paper reviews current experience with AIDS patient care management in developing countries and determines some of the areas where further research is crucial. The main issues identified are: (1) that reliable data on standardized treatment schemes for AIDS patients are scarce; (2) that there is an urgent need for research on low-cost supportive treatment of AIDS patients, comparing costs and outcomes; (3) that outpatient and home-based care can be a valuable alternative to hospital-based care, but that cost-efficiency of these alternative treatment strategies should be examined more closely; and finally, that (4) the potential benefit of using HIV/AIDS patients to promote prevention of HIV transmission should be acknowledged.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

[Quality of life after heart transplantation--psychosocial aspects].

The aim of this study was to evaluate psychosocial quality of life after heart transplantation. We examined 29 patients (25 M and 4 F), average age was 43.5 y (18-62 y). The age at time of heart transplantation was 43 years (17-55 y). The time after heart transplantation was 3.3 year (0.3-9 y). Spielberger's Questionnaire of Anxiety, Knobloch's inventory of neuroticism, Freiburg's Personality Inventory and Quality of Life Inventory were used, 33% of patients demonstrated increasing frequency and 29% of patients increasing intensity of neurotic symptoms. 23% of patients presented increasing levels of anxiety (as a state). The personality dimensions (depression, excitability and low emotional stability) displayed high frequency. The results showed that patients were more satisfied with family support, with sexual activities, and less satisfied with financial situation, social activities, social isolations, sleep, memory, excitability, fatigue. 41.5% of patients returned back to work. The results indicate that these psychosocial factors play an important role in quality of life after heart transplantation. That is why if is necessary to dedicate an increasing attention to them. (Tab. 1, Fig. 6, Ref. 14.)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

WHO's special programmes: undermining from above.

Despite the World Health Organisation's spoken commitment to developing integrated primary health care, its most visible and successful activities are not integrated within countries; they are its disease specific intervention programmes, such as the Global Programme on AIDS and the programmes for the control of diarrhoeal and acute respiratory diseases. The 10 or so special programmes, all but one of which (the onchocerciasis control programme) are based in Geneva, have found increasing favour among donors, but critics say that they undermine WHO's attempts to integrate its activities at country level and discourage countries from developing their own capacity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health care in Nicaragua.

A two-week health study tour in Nicaragua in 1987 organized by the Health Network of the (British) Nicaragua Solidarity Campaign afforded the author of this report access to health service planning, first-hand observation of the immunization programme, and visits to centres for rehabilitation of the disabled, both from the war and civil causes. The efficacy of the low technology immunization and oral rehydration programmes is contrasted with the struggle to rehabilitate the war disabled with grossly inadequate resources.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Public funding of contraceptive, sterilization and abortion services, fiscal year 1990.

In FY 1990, the federal and state governments spent $504 million to provide contraceptive services and supplies, according to results of a survey of state health, social services and Medicaid agencies conducted by The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Medicaid accounted for 38 percent of all public funds spent on contraceptive services, Title X provided 22 percent, and two federal block-grant programs--Social Services and Maternal and Child Health--together were responsible for 12 percent of public expenditures. State governments accounted for the remaining 28 percent of public funding. Although public expenditures for contraceptive services have risen by $154 million over the past decade, when inflation is taken into account, expenditures have actually fallen by one-third. Since 1980, the proportion of public contraceptive expenditures contributed by Title X has been cut virtually in half, while the proportion contributed by state governments has nearly doubled. When inflation is taken into account, Title X expenditures for contraceptive services have fallen by almost two-thirds since 1980. The federal and state governments together spent $95 million to subsidize sterilization services in 1990, and $65 million to provide abortion services. The federal government was the major source of funding for sterilization services but provided less than one percent of the cost of abortion services. Because of changes over time in survey methodology and the difficulties some states had in separating out expenditures by type of care, these data are approximations.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1991

Metropolitan growth and decline in the United States: an empirical analysis.

"Urban growth rates are documented for the largest United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas for the periods 1965-70 and 1975-80. The spatial pattern associated with these growth rates tends to reinforce the sunbelt-frostbelt dichotomy, as the majority of cities with positive migration rates for both time periods are located outside of the heavily industrialized Northeast and Midwest regions of the country. Two and three-group discriminant analyses indicate that manufacturing activity, local tax rates, and spending on education, are particularly important discriminators between growing and declining cities."

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Migration status and investment in rural productive activities: evidence from Oyo State, Nigeria.

"This paper presents an attempt to investigate the differential contributions of return migrants and non migrants [in Nigeria] to rural economy with respect to their level of investment in rural productive activities. The study is [a] sequel to the controversy generated by the selectivity theory which tends to suggest that return migrants are superior to, and more enterprising than non migrants. The relevant data were collected from 363 returnees and non migrants.... An examination of the differential characteristics of the two groups shows that returnees are slightly superior to their non migrant counterparts. The differential characteristics seem to translate to differences in investment level and the general conclusion is that return migrants are likely to invest more in rural productive activities than non migrants." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND ITA)

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of social marketing on contraceptive prevalence and cost in Honduras.

In 1984, the Honduran Family Planning Association launched a contraceptive social marketing program by introducing the oral contraceptive, Perla. This report examines the impact of the program on overall oral contraceptive use, use by particular subgroups, source of supply, and costs. Although use of oral contraceptives increased only slightly over the period 1984-87 (from 12.7 percent to 13.4 percent among women in union aged 15-44), the social marketing program significantly increased its share of the oral contraceptive market (from 7 percent in 1984 to 15 percent in 1987, and from 20 percent to 40 percent of sales at pharmacies). For the Honduran Family Planning Association to have realized cost savings as a result of clients switching from community-based distribution programs and commercial supply sources to contraceptive social marketing programs, the association would have had to reallocate its resources. Instead, the number of distributors in the community-based distribution program increased, while the amount of couple-years of protection from oral contraceptives decreased.

Adolescent↗