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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Development of a novel method for feeding a mixture of L-lactic acid and acetic acid in fed-batch culture of Ralstonia eutropha for poly-D-3-hydroxybutyrate production.

Fermentative production of poly-D-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] from a mixture of L-lactic acid and acetic acid by Ralstonia eutropha was investigated. For fed-batch culture with cell density, it is necessary to control the concentration of these organic acids in the culture medium below the inhibitory level for cell growth. Therefore, a novel feeding method, termed the computer-controlled pH-stat substrate feeding method, was developed using the rate of increase of the pH (pH-increasing rate) of the culture medium as an indicator for feed control. The pH-increasing rate, which was calculated every minute by a pH meter-linked computer, represented secondary information regarding substrate consumption by cells. When the pH-increasing rate decreased to 5% of the maximum increasing rate, acidic substrate solution was fed into the fermentor until the pH was reduced to 7.00. Using this feeding strategy, the cell concentration and PHA content obtained in 42 h were 75.0 g/l and 73.1% (w/w), respectively, resulting in a high P(3HB) productivity of 1.30 g/l.h.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

[Maternal motivation for choice of feeding method].

We studied the different motivations mothers had for choosing a particular mode of nursing at the University Hospital in Limoges. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all mothers who hat delivered between January 1 and April 30, 1992. It was apparent that the medical team did little to promote breast-feeding or to counteract negative attitudes. The results of this study, together with a review of the literature were used to determine conditions for encouraging breast feeding.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1975

[Metabolism and hematology studies of intensively raised fattened lambs under various feeding and management conditions. 1. The effect of various feeding methods on the blood picture, serum mineral and bilirubin concentration, and vitamin A concentration in the liver].

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and bilirubin content, blood picture and liver vitamin A were determined in six groups of lambs fattened on different rations, in comparison with a control group. The results are presented in graphs and tables. There was no clear difference between the various groups, in the criteria examined.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2000

[Health status and physical development of the child versus feeding method].

One of the very important factors influencing health status and growth and development of children and youth is proper nutrition. In this paper it has been stressed that 20-25% of the Polish population demonstrates health disorders connected with bad nutritional habits and not sufficiently safe food. Therefore one of the priorities in health policy in Poland is the problem of proper nutrition of children and youth. It can influence not only the proper growth and development of the population in developmental period of life, but it can play an evident role in prevention of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hypertension in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of feeding method on nonnutritive oral activities in Holstein calves.

Forty Holstein heifer calves were assigned to be fed whole milk from either bucket, bucket with pacifier, nipple bottle, or nipple bottle with pacifier. The pacifier was a nursing bottle with an unperforated nipple. Calves were housed in individual hutches and fed twice daily. Calves were 3 d of age at first observation and were observed biweekly until 42 d of age. Observations were conducted beginning at either 1000 or 1400 h from September through March. A novel object (bicycle inner tube), selected to serve as a focal object for the sucking drive, was placed in the calf's environment and calf behaviors observed during the next 5 min. Time of observation did not influence nonnutritive oral behaviors (sniffing, licking, sucking, chewing, oral grooming, and nose licking). Time spent in nonnutritive oral behaviors increased with age. Regardless of availability of a pacifier, bucket-fed calves spent more time in sniffing the focal object than bottle-fed calves. Calves with access to pacifiers sucked other objects more than calves without pacifiers. The more curious animals spent more time involved in nonnutritive oral behaviors.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of a continuous isotope feeding method for measurement of cholesterol absorption in man.

A new method has been developed for measurement of cholesterol absorption. Seven patients were fed [14C]cholesterol together with [3H]-beta-sitosterol three times daily for 10 days. Stools were collected on days 3--10. The ratio of isotopes in stools became essentially constant after the first 3 days of isotope administration. Percentage absorption of cholesterol was calculated from the difference between the dietary and fecal isotope ratios. Percentage absorption of cholesterol in these seven patients ranged from 47 to 65% (mean 54%). The coefficient of variation on individual samples for all the patients ranged from 3.2 to 15.0% (mean 7.8%). This method was evaluated in five additional patients by comparison with a standard sterol balance method (Method II, see Quintao, E., S. M. Grundy, and E. H. Ahrens. 1971. J. Lipid Res. 12: 221--232). The results obtained by the two methods were essentially identical. The new method offers the advantages of simplicity of administration of isotope, ease of analysis of stool samples, and daily repeatability of analysis.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1992

The role of nutrition in canine hip dysplasia.

The role of nutrition in canine hip dysplasia is a multifactorial as the disease itself. Large and giant breeds primarily are at risk for the disease. Rate of growth, feeding methods, feed consumption, specific nutrients, and electrolyte balances within the diet have all been shown to influence hip dysplasia. Known nutritional risk factors are rapid weight gain and excessive calcium supplementation. Nutritional factors with less secure roles in their influence on the disease process are vitamin C, protein, and carbohydrates. There exists a need to identify further and control the various nutritional factors in the diet that influence canine hip dysplasia.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of three methods of feeding sows in gestation and the subsequent effects on lactation performance.

A total of 684 sows from breeding groups over 6 wk was used to compare three methods of feeding during gestation on gestation and lactation performance. Control gilts and sows were fed according to body condition based on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = thin, 5 = fat). Sows were visually assessed for body condition at breeding and were assigned a daily feed allowance to achieve a BCS of 3 at farrowing. Treatment 2 used feeding levels based on backfat thickness (measured between d 0 and 5 after breeding) and weight at weaning for sows or service for gilts. Feed allowance was calculated to achieve a target backfat of 19 mm at farrowing, and remained constant from d 0 to 101 of gestation. Feed allowances were based on modeled calculations of energy and nutrient requirements to achieve target sow maternal weight and backfat gains. Treatment 3 was identical to Treatment 2, except that feeding pattern was altered for thin sows and gilts (<15 mm at service) in an attempt to reach 19 mm by d 36 of gestation. Sows were weighed at the previous weaning, and gilts were weighed at service, with both weighed again between d 112 and 114 of gestation. Backfat was measured between d 0 and 5, and again between d 108 and 113 of gestation. At farrowing, sows on Treatments 2 and 3 had 19 and 19.1 mm of backfat, respectively, whereas control sows tended to have greater (P < 0.07) backfat (20 mm). On average, sows targeted to gain 6 to 9 mm of backfat failed to reach target gains regardless of feeding method. Feeding sows in gestation based on backfat (Treatments 2 and 3) resulted in a numerically higher proportion of sows in the target backfat range of 17 to 21 mm (40.2, 53.3, and 52.6% for control and Treatments 2 and 3, respectively) at farrowing and a numerically lower percentage of fat sows (>21 mm), but no difference in the percentage of thin sows (<17 mm) compared with feeding based on body condition. In conjunction with this observation, sows fed based on BCS were fed higher (P < 0.05) feeding levels in gestation than were sows fed based on backfat depth. Gestation feeding method had no effect on performance during lactation. Feed intake in lactation was lower (P < 0.05) for high backfat sows (>21 mm) at farrowing compared with sows with <21 mm. The high proportion of sows in the optimal backfat category demonstrates that feeding based on backfat and BW has potential for facilitating more precise feeding during gestation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

Effects of method of colostrum feeding and colostrum supplementation on concentrations of immunoglobulin G in the serum of neonatal calves.

Holstein heifer and hull calves (n = 52) at Ames Plantation (Grand Junction, TN) and Piedmont Research Station (Salisbury, NC) were blocked by sex and assigned randomly to receive 3.8 L of maternal colostrum in one feeding, 1.9 L in two feedings at a 10- to 12-h interval, or 1.9 L in two feedings at a 10- to 12-h interval plus 272 g of colostrum supplement at the first feeding. The colostrum supplement was mixed with 0.95 L of warm water and fed immediately following colostrum. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were unaffected by the number of feedings and averaged 20.0 and 16.6 g/L at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Calves that were fed the colostrum supplement at the first feeding had lower serum IgG concentrations at 24 h (16.0 g/L) than did calves that were fed two colostrum feedings without supplementation (21.0 g/L); however, serum IgG concentrations at 48 h did not differ among treatments. Dry matter intake and body weight gain were unaffected by feeding method. Calves may be fed high quality colostrum in one or two feedings without affecting IgG absorption.

Animal Feed↗