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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effects of aging and dilution on attraction and toxicity of GF-120 fruit fly bait spray for melon fly control in Hawaii.

Attractiveness and toxicity of GF-120 Fruit Fly Bait (Dow AgroScience Indianapolis, IN) to melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, were examined to assess the effects of concentration and aging. We tested dilutions of 20, 40, and 80 ppm (AI) (spinosad) against water controls. The 80 and 40 ppm treatments were significantly more attractive than the 20 ppm and control treatments. Attraction was compared between baits aged for 2 and 24 h, fresh bait and water controls. Age had significant effects on both attractiveness and toxicity of GF-120. Baits aged for 2 h were 11 times less attractive to female melon flies than fresh bait. Mortality rates were reduced by 50% when GF-120 was subjected to rain. Our results suggest the need for frequent applications of GF-120 to obtain maximum benefits, particularly in wet tropical climates.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

New record of cluster fly Pollenia rudis (Fabricius) with distribution of all known blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of Saudi Arabia.

During a survey of dipterous flies from Riyadh province, a newly recorded of the cluster fly Pollenia rudis (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were collected from Saudi Arabia for the first time. A total of 2 males and 3 females were collected from Wadi Haniffa, Riyadh City during the period from February to March 1999 using an aerial net. Data on the morphology, veterinary importance, biology and geographical distribution are presented. Blow-flies lift up to 17 taxa known from the country. A summary of the zoogeographical check up to the 17 species, is presented with widespread distribution for each species.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Vertical distribution of flying black-flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Central Nigeria.

Flying black-flies were collected using an array of 4 nets mounted on a vehicle at heights between 0.15 and 3.0 m above the ground. The vertical distribution differed amongst the 8 most abundant species, but within a particular species such as S. squamosum, there was no significant difference in the vertical distribution of the males and females, nor between females of different physiological conditions. This infers that the height of the trap on the vehicle will not normally be a source of bias during population studies. However, there was some evidence of circadian changes in the vertical distribution; during the afternoon, black-flies of all species flew higher compared with in the evening.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Comparison of the longevity of tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, 1850) infected with trypanosomes (Trypanosoma nannomonas congolense Broden, 1904) and uninfected tsetse flies].

This preliminary note results from a comparative study on susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides of tsetse flies infected and not with trypanosomes. Trypanosoma infection increases the susceptibility to insecticides as previous study showed it (Golder et al., 1982, 1984). Moreover, infected control flies showed a significant lower longevity than uninfected ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and characterization of a diuretic peptide common to the house fly and stable fly.

An identical CRF-related diuretic peptide (Musca-DP) was isolated and characterized from whole-body extracts of the house fly, Musca domestica, and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. The peptide stimulates cyclic AMP production in Manduca sexta Malpighian tubules and increases the rate of fluid secretion by isolated Musca domestica tubules. The 44-residue peptide, with a mol.wt. of 5180, is amidated, and has the primary structure: NKPSLSIVNPLDVLRQRLLLEIARRQMKENTRQVELNRAILKNV-NH2. Musca-DP has a high percentage of sequence identity with other characterized CRF-related insect diuretic peptides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Radon exhalation of cementitious materials made with coal fly ash: Part 2--testing hardened cement-fly ash pastes.

Increased interest in measuring radionuclides and radon concentrations in fly ash (FA), cement and other components of building products is due to the concern about health hazards of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). The paper focuses on studying the influence of FA on radon exhalation rate (radon flux) from cementitious materials. In the previous part of the paper the state of the art was presented, and the experiments for testing raw materials, Portland cement and coal fly ash, were described. Since the cement and FA have the most critical role in the radon release process relative to other concrete constituents (sand and gravel), and their contribution is dominant in the overall radium content of concrete, tests were carried out on cement paste specimens with different FA contents, 0-60% by weight of the binder (cement+FA). It is found that the dosage of FA in cement paste has a limited influence on radon exhalation rate, if the hardened material is relatively dense. The radon flux of cement-FA pastes is lower than that of pure cement paste: it is about approximately 3 mBq m(-2) s(-1) for cement-FA pastes with FA content as high as 960 kg m(-3).

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed2005

Radon exhalation of cementitious materials made with coal fly ash: Part 1--scientific background and testing of the cement and fly ash emanation.

Increased interest in measuring radionuclides and radon concentrations in fly ash, cement and other components of building products is due to the concern of health hazards of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). The current work focuses on studying the influence of fly ash (FA) on radon-exhalation rate (radon flux) from cementitious materials. The tests were carried out on cement paste specimens with different FA contents. The first part of the paper presents the scientific background and describes the experiments, which we designed for testing the radon emanation of the raw materials used in the preparation of the cement-FA pastes. It is found that despite the higher (226)Ra content in FA (more than 3 times, compared with Portland cement) the radon emanation is significantly lower in FA (7.65% for cement vs. 0.52% only for FA).

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed2006

Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in blended cement Part 1: Processing and characterization of MSWI fly ash.

This paper is the first of a series of two articles dealing with the processes applied to MSWI fly ash with a view to reusing it safely in cement-based materials. Part 1 presents two stabilization processes and Part 2 deals with the use of the two treated fly ashes (TFA) in mortars. Two types of binder were used: an Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) containing more than 95% clinker (CEM I 52.5R) and a binary blend cement composed of 70% ground granulated blast furnace slag and 30% clinker (CEM III-B 42.5N). In this first part, two stabilization processes are presented: the conventional process, called "A", based on the washing, phosphation and calcination of the ash, and a modified process, called "B", intended to eliminate metallic aluminum and sulfate contained in the ash. The physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the two TFA were comparable. The main differences observed were those expected, i.e. TFA-B was free of metallic aluminum and sulfate. The mineralogical characterization of the two TFAs highlighted the presence of large amounts of a calcium aluminosilicate phase taking two forms, a crystalline form (gehlenite) and an amorphous form. Hydration studies on pastes containing mixed TFA and calcium hydroxide showed that this phase reacted with calcium hydroxide to form calcium aluminate hydrates. This formation of hydrates was accompanied by a hardening of the pastes. These results are very encouraging for the reuse of such TFA in cement-based materials because they can be considered as pozzolanic additions and could advantageously replace a part of the cement in cement-based materials. Finally, leaching tests were carried out to evaluate the environmental impact of the two TFAs. The elements which were less efficiently stabilized by process A were zinc, cadmium and antimony but, when the results of the leaching tests were compared with the thresholds of the European landfill directive, TFA-A could nevertheless be accepted at landfills for non-hazardous waste. The modifications of the process led to a significant reduction in the stabilization of chromium, selenium and antimony.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2005

The hormonal and behavioral response to group formation, seasonal changes, and restraint stress in the highly social Malayan Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus) and the less social Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pteropus pumilus) (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).

This study examined behavioral and physiological responses (changes in inter-animal spacing, total glucocorticoids, testosterone, and body mass) to the formation of breeding and same-sex groups in two bat species, the socially gregarious Malayan Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus) and the less social Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pteropus pumilus). We hypothesized that social instability, especially in the breeding groups and especially in P. vampyrus, would result in elevated glucocorticoids and that social facilitation of breeding and/or male-male competition would result in persistently higher levels of testosterone in breeding males. Seasonal rhythms in all measures were also predicted, and the glucocorticoid stress response was expected to vary by sex, season, and group type. Nearly all animals responded to group formation with elevated glucocorticoids, but, for breeding animals (especially aggressive male P. vampyrus), these responses persisted over time. In both species, breeding group formation resulted in elevated testosterone in males. Glucocorticoids, testosterone, testes volume, and body mass generally peaked in the breeding season in males (late summer and early autumn), but the seasonal glucocorticoid peak in females occurred in late winter and early spring. All animals responded to restraint stress with elevations in glucocorticoids that largely did not differ by sex, time of year, reproductive condition, group type, or, in lactating females, the presence of her pup. Changes in both behavior and physiology were more evident in P. vampyrus than in P. pumilus, and we believe that their underlying social differences influenced their responses to group formation and to the changing seasonal environment.

Aggression↗
PubMed1987

Effect on milk production of controlling muscid flies, and reducing fly-avoidance behaviour, by the use of Fenvalerate ear tags during the dry period.

Fenvalerate ear tags reduced fly loads on dry dairy cattle by 95% between July and September. Fly dislodging behaviour, such as ear flicks which correlated with numbers of Musca autumnalis on the face and stamps/kicks which correlated with numbers of Stomoxys calcitrans on the legs, was also significantly reduced. There was no significant difference between the tagged and untagged groups in the total time spent grazing each day. Milk yields were not statistically significantly different, but the tagged group showed a greater increase in milk yield between lactations, of 1.45 kg/cow daily in the first 12 weeks of the lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Olfactory receptors in the melon fly Dacus cucurbitae and the oriental fruit fly Dacus dorsalis.

Male melon flies (Dacus cucurbitae) from a colony in Hawaii were evaluated for limit of response to the olfactory stimulant raspberry ketone and to more than 40 related molecules. The results were compared with the limits of response of oriental fruit flies (Dacus dorsalis) under identical conditions. The nature of the response of the two species to attractive compounds appeared to be identical with regard to orientation, searching, pulsating mouthparts, and compulsive feeding. However, there was very little overlap in the response of the two species to phenylpropanoid-type compounds. D. cucurbitae responded most strongly to p-hydroxyphenylpropanoids while D. dorsalis responded most strongly to 3,4-dimethoxyphenylpropanoids. The results are discussed in terms of antennal receptor site geometry and with regard to the coevolution of two major groups of Dacini with plant kairomones.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Some ultrastructural superficial changes in house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae induced by eucalyptol oil.

The ultrastructural superficial changes in third instar house fly (Musca domestica) and blow fly (Chrysomya megacephala) induced by eucalyptol oil were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Dipped in 0.902 g/ml eucalyptol for 30 sec, the larvae integument of both species showed significant aberrant appearance of the body surface, particularly swelling integument, bleb formation, partial breach and deformation of spines.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Field trials of spinosad as a replacement for naled, DDVP, and malathion in methyl eugenol and cue-lure bucket traps to attract and kill male oriental fruit flies and melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii.

Spinosad was evaluated in Hawaii as a replacement for organophosphate insecticides (naled, dichlorvos [DDVP], and malathion) in methyl eugenol and cue-lure bucket traps to attract and kill oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, and melon fly, B. cucurbitae Coquillett, respectively. In the first and second methyl eugenol trials with B. dorsalis, naled was in the highest rated group for all evaluation periods (at 5, 10, 15, and 20 wk). Spinosad was equal to naled at 5 and 10 wk during both trials 1 and 2, and compared favorably with malathion during trial 2. During the first cue-lure trial with B. cucurbitae, naled and malathion were in the top rated group at 5, 10, 15, and 20 wk. Spinosad was equal to naled at 5 wk. During the second cue-lure trial, spinosad and naled were both in the top rated group at 10, 15, and 20 wk. Use of male lure traps with methyl eugenol or cue-lure had no effect on attraction of females into test areas. Our results suggest that spinosad, although not as persistent as naled or malathion, is safer to handle and a more environmentally friendly substitute for organophosphate insecticides in methyl eugenol and cue-lure traps for use in B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae areawide integrated pest management programs in Hawaii.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Weathering trials of Amulet cue-lure and Amulet methyl eugenol "attract-and-kill" stations with male melon flies and oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii.

Amulet C-L (cue-lure) and Amulet ME (methyl eugenol) molded paper fiber "attract-and-kill" dispensers containing fipronil were tested under Hawaiian weather conditions against Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (melon fly) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (oriental fruit fly), respectively. In paired tests (fresh versus weathered), C-L dispensers were effective for at least 77 d, whereas ME dispensers were effective for at least 21 d. Thus, C-L dispensers exceeded, whereas ME dispensers did not meet the label interval replacement recommendation of 60 d. Addition of 4 ml of ME to 56-d-old ME dispensers restored attraction and kill for an additional 21 d. This result suggested the fipronil added at manufacture was still effective. By enclosing and weathering ME dispensers inside small plastic bucket traps, longevity of ME dispensers was extended up to 56 d. Fipronil ME and C-L dispensers also were compared, inside bucket traps, to other toxicants: spinosad, naled, DDVP, malathion, and permethrin. Against B. dorsalis, fipronil ME dispensers compared favorably only up to 3 wk. Against B. cucurbitae, fipronil C-L dispensers compared favorably for at least 15 wk. Our results suggest that fipronil C-L dispensers can potentially be used in Hawaii; however, fipronil ME dispensers need to be modified or protected from the effects of weathering to extend longevity and meet label specifications. Nonetheless, Amulet C-L and ME dispensers are novel prepackaged formulations containing C-L or ME and fipronil that are more convenient and safer to handle than current liquid insecticide formulations used for areawide suppression of B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae in Hawaii.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

"Flying through" and "flying around" a PET/CT scan: Pilot study and development of 3D integrated 18F-FDG PET/CT for virtual bronchoscopy and colonoscopy.

UNLABELLED: The objective of this pilot project was to devise a new image acquisition and processing technique to produce PET/CT images rendered in 3-dimensional (3D) volume that can then be reviewed in several 3D formats such as virtual bronchoscopy and colonoscopy "fly-throughs" and external "fly-arounds." METHODS: We tested the new imaging and processing protocol on 24 patients with various malignancies to determine whether it could dependably acquire and reformat standard tomographic 2-dimensional PET/CT images into 3D renderings. RESULTS: This new technique added helpful information to the diagnostic interpretation for 2 of the 24 patients. Further, in the 6 patients undergoing mediastinoscopy, bronchoscopy, or endoscopy, 3D imaging helped in preprocedural planning. CONCLUSION: In this initial study, we demonstrated both the feasibility of rendering PET/CT images into 3D volumes and the potential clinical utility of this technique for diagnostic lesion characterization and preprocedural planning.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Studies on flies in Korea II. Taxonomical studies on sarcophagid flies (Diptera).

Thirty-eight species belonging to 15 genera of the family Sarcophagidae were found so far in Korea. The description, locality in Korea, distribution and bionomics of these species are given in this paper. The fifth sternite, forceps and genitalia of these male flies are illustrated. The key to the species of sarcophagid flies in Korea are also presented.

Animals↗