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PubMed2004

Evaluation of seven assays detecting serum immunoglobulin classes and subclasses and salivary and faecal secretory IgA against Fasciola excretory/secretory (ES) antigens in diagnosing fascioliasis.

Seven assays detecting serum IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG4, IgA and salivary and fecal excretory IgA against Fasciola excretory/secretory (ES) antigens were evaluated in diagnosing fascioliasis, for cross reactivity with Schistosoma mansoni sera and for evaluation of cure of Fasciola infection after treatment. Assays detecting sera IgM, IgG1, IgG4 and IgA against Fasciola ES antigens showed 100% specificity and sensitivity. Assays detecting IgM and IgG showed 98% and 96% sensitivity and 100% and 94.6% specificity respectively. Assays detecting salivary and faecal IgA showed 92% & 96% sensitivity and 100% & 100% specificity respectively. Assays detecting IgM and IgG4 were the best in evaluation of cure and assays detecting IgG4 & IgA showed the lowest cross-reactivity with sera from S. mansoni infected patients. So, assays detecting serum IgA, IgG1 & IgG4 against Fasciola ES antigens were highly sensitive and specific for diagnosis of fascioliasis and assays detecting salivary and faecal IgA were promising and of great help in diagnosis of fascioliasis especially in epidemiologic studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of Fasciola somatic antigenic fractions in the diagnosis of human fascioliasis.

Fasciola somatic antigen was fractionated by column chromatography. Four peaks were obtained. They were evaluated separately using IgG and IgM ELISA in the diagnosis of fascioliasis. Patients were diagnosed through a survey in Abis 13/4 Village depending on stool examination, clinical, haematological findings and on the results of IHAT. Sera were obtained from cases of confirmed fascioliasis, acute fascioliasis, schistosomiasis and from parasite free healthy individuals. After establishing the optimal conditions for the test, ELISA was performed using all fraction and all sera. The results were then computerized and specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and probability of disease when test is positive (PDP) were determined at different cut off levels. These parameters were calculated using both sera of normal cases and of S. mansoni infected cases as controls. It was concluded that fraction I in IgG ELISA was the best for diagnosis of chronic cases. Fraction I by IgM was the best for acute infection. Results of the latter antigen/system combination were not decreased when S. mansoni sera were used as control.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Four cases of hepatic fascioliasis mimicking cholangiocarcinoma].

Human fascioliasis is a zoonosis caused by Fasciola hepatica, and this is a trematode that infests cattle and sheep. Humans are accidental hosts in the life cycle of this parasite. People are infected by ingestion of the water or the raw aquatic vegetables that are contaminated with the metacercaria. This fluke's worldwide distribution occurs in areas where sheep, cattle and goats are raised, and there is a life-cycle niche for this fluke in lymnaeid snails. However, it is a rare disease in Korea. We experienced four human fascioliasis which were difficult to differentiate from hepatic malignancy in three patients, and this was misdiagnosed as common hepatic duct tumor in one patient. The patients manifested only vague abdominal symptoms. Intrahepatic fascioliasis showed multiple ill-defined hypoattenuating lesions and filling defects of the lesion lumens on radiologic study. A striking eosinophilia from the patients' blood was identified and a positive finding of a serum enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the Fasciola hepatica was also noted in three of four patients. The therapeutic trial with triclabendazole and praziquantel was not successful.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Human fascioliasis and anaemia in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

Fasciola infection (fascioliasis) appeared to be endemic in Egypt. Stool samples of fourty eight patients were coprologically diagnosed. According to Fasciola egg counting per gram stool, the severity of infection was divided into light infection in 60.5%, moderate in 27.1% and severe infection in 12.5%. No significant correlation was detected between severity of infection and patients' sex. Complete blood picture, reticylocytic count, serum iron, immunological assays as anti-nuclear, anti-smooth muscle antibody, anti-mitochondrial anti-body, anti-DNA tests and rheumatoid factor and occult blood in stool were investigated. Normocytic normochromic anaemia was detected in 62.5% of the fascioliasis patients, microcytic hypochromic anaemia in 31.3% and macrocytic one in 6.3%. Highly significant negative correlation (R = -0.68) was detected between haemoglobin concentration and egg count per gram faeces. Human fascioliasis was associated with normocytic normochromic anaemia and to a lesser extent microcytic hypochromic anemia.

Anemia↗
PubMed2006

Fascioliasis: a report of five cases presenting with common bile duct obstruction.

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic infection caused by Fasciola hepatica. It is rarely seen with icterus caused by obstruction of the common bile duct. We report five patients with obstructive jaundice due to Fasciola hepatica, who were diagnosed and managed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). All cases were admitted to hospital with complaints of icterus and pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen; their biochemical values were interpreted as obstructive jaundice. Ultrasound and computer tomography (CT) revealed biliary dilatation in the common bile duct, but did not help to clarify the differential diagnosis. ERCP showed the presence of Fasciola hepatica in the common bile duct. After removing the flukes, the symptoms disappeared and the biochemical values returned to normal. Biliary fascioliasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. This report confirms the diagnostic and therapeutic role of ERCP in patients with obstructive jaundice caused by biliary fascioliasis.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Hepatic fascioliasis due to Fasciola hepatica: a two-case report.

Two cases of hepatic fascioliasis due to Fasciola hepatica were retrieved from our surgical-pathology file since the hospital's foundation in 1969 up to 2005. The diagnosis of hepatic fascioliasis was based on detection of one live fluke in a large cystic lesion in the lobectomized liver specimen in one case and of deposited eggs in the large liver specimen obtained from open biopsy in the other Hepatic fascioliasis is rather rare and almost worldwide in distribution including Thailand. The diagnosis should be considered in the patient from endemic areas consisting of the northern, northeastern and upper-central regions of the country, with a history of ingesting fresh water plants or drinking untreated water and having fever right-upper-quadrant pain or intrahepatic cystic lesion(s) together with absolute peripheral blood eosinophilia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Human fascioliasis in an Egyptian village: prevalence and some epidemiological determinants.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Abis area, 15 kilometers south east of Alexandria city, to determine the prevalence of human fascioliasis and to study some of the epidemiological determinants which may affect the infection. A specially designed questionnaire interview was completed, and a total number of 3475 stool samples were examined. The results revealed a prevalence rate of fascioliasis of 11% in the studied area which was only second to S. mansoni. The prevalence of infection was significantly higher among females in general and specifically in the age group 5 to less than 15 years and 25 to less than 35 years. Family aggregation of fasciola infection was noticed among the studied group. The prevalence and also the risk of infection were significantly higher among children whose mothers were infected. They were, however, insignificantly higher among illiterate, single males, and low social class group. In addition, the prevalence and risk of infection were significantly higher among individuals obtaining their raw green leafy vegetables from multiple sources. From the results it was concluded that human fascioliasis is an important public health problem in Abis area with increased risk of spread of infection to Alexandria city through raw green leafy vegetables which represent the main source of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Human fascioliasis: a parasitic health problem in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

Fascioliasis has a cosmopolitan distribution and is prevalent in sheep-raising countries. Now, it is an increasingly important parasite of man in the Mediterranean countries. In Dakahlia G., human fascioliasis has imposed itself as a parasitic health problem. In this paper, 23 human cases were selected to throw some light on the signs, symptoms and diagnosis of the disease. It was concluded that painful hepatomegaly, fever, anaemia and marked eosinophilia are tetrad suggesting fascioliasis in patient who has consumed watercress as green salade. Data concerning treatment and follow up will be published later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Glutathione and related enzymes in fascioliasis before and after treatment with bithionol.

The present work is an update evaluation of the glutathione status in patients with established fascioliasis before and after treatment with bithionol. Blood glutathione (GSH), erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase (GST) and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were studied. After treatment, the variations observed in these parameters were restored to the corresponding normal control values confirming the toxic features resulting from fascioliasis and suggesting no adverse effect of bithionol on the parameters studied. We recommend the use of serum GGT, blood GSH and erythrocyte GST for the early detection of therapeutic response in fascioliasis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of experimental fascioliasis on the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in lamb liver.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a subclinical fascioliasis at various stages of its development (by week--4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after the infestation by an oral administration of 150 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica) on the activity of some hepatic drug-metabolizing systems in lamb. The parasitic pathology was ascertained at autopsy and by clinical observation of animals. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content was significantly decreased (by 9-22%) in all infected groups of animals. In early stages of the parasitic disease, decreases in cytochrome b5 content (10-18%) and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (25%) were observed, whereas aminopyrine N-demethylase, benzphetamine N-demethylase, and aniline hydroxylase were significantly lowered by 8 to 16 weeks postinfection. Among investigated transferases, glutathione transferase was only decreased (28%) in animals killed 16 weeks after the infestation; in these animals a significant increase in microsomal gamma-glutamyltransferase was observed, probably related to the elevated plasma activity of this enzyme. By 8 weeks postinfection, a simultaneous increase in cytosolic calcium (38%) and decrease in cytosolic glutathione (22%) would correspond to an oxidative cell injury occurring in the course of fascioliasis. The consequences of the fascioliasis-induced decreases in liver-oxidative and conjugative liver drug metabolism are discussed.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗
PubMed1987

[Control of fascioliasis in heifers in Czechoslovakia 1970-1985].

A programme for the control of fascioliasis caused by F. hepatica in cattle was launched in 1970 and continued until 1985. The animals were subjected to helminth-control treatment and preventive measures were taken in the herds. The anti-fasciolics Bilevon M and to some extent also Bromsalan pulv. were administered by the veterinary service on the basis of state subsidies in 1973 to 1979. The preparation Helmisan (Spofa) has been in use since 1980; its production is subsidized by the agricultural enterprises. In the period from 1972 ot 1979, up to 213 thousand helminth-control treatments (both therapeutic and preventive) were performed every year in the cattle. All treatments reduced the occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and pathological changes in the liver of the killed cattle (from 5.8% recorded in 1971 to 0.9 in 1980, on an national average). As a result, 29 districts are free from fascioliasis although the disease originally occurred in all districts of the Czech Socialist Republic. After ten years of purposeful use of antifasciolics, the findings were free from living flukes and the cattle only showed pathological changes after the action of F. hepatica. Since 1980 the extensity of the findings of F. hepatica in slaughtered cattle has ranged within one percent, though living flukes have recently occurred again in the liver of certain animals. In the enzootically affected regions and districts of the Czech Socialist Republic the fascioliasis control programme succeeded in reducing the number of invaded cattle herds.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Human fascioliasis in Austria (author's transl)].

Two cases of human fascioliasis in Austria (a 3-year-old boy and a 4-year-ond girl) are reported. A description is given of the clinical picture and the diagnostic procedures employed in the two cases. The importance of the serodiagnosis of fascioliasis is demonstrated, especially in the case of liver flukes; 4 different serological tests, partly of high sensitivity, were performed. After unsuccessful therapy with Resochin both children were treated with dehydroemetine; after a 4-week interval during which no eggs of Fasciola were found in several stool samples from either child, ova were yet again detected in the faces of the boy. The problems concerning the chemotherapy of fascioliasis are discussed.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of IHA test for fascioliasis in cases of hepatitis C virus infection.

Human sera were collected from proven cases of fascioliasis, virus C hepatitis, combined fascioliasis and virus C hepatitis and from normal persons. Antibodies against hepatitis C virus were found to cross react in the indirect haemagglutination test for antibodies against Fasciola. This cross reaction occurred in 2 cases out of 25 cases at titres of 1/320 and 1/640. However, the test showed 100% sensitivity. So, this study could suggest the use of IHA test for human fascioliasis for screening only. This is to be aided by more specific serological test and by other means of investigations like sonography.

Antibodies, Helminth↗
PubMed1997

[Diagnosis of bovine fascioliasis using serology of pools of sera. Interpretation in field conditions].

The efficacy of a serological test (ELISA with excretory-secretory products of Fasciola hepatica as an antigen) for the diagnosis of bovine fascioliasis was assessed under field conditions using pools of sera from 170 herds. Blood samples were collected from six to ten heifers and from five to ten adults in each herd. In 92 of the herds (Group 1) the animals had not been treated for fascioliasis; in 78 herds (Group 2), a fasciolicide had been used 3 to 6 months earlier. In each herd, three serum pools were examined: aliquots from all the animals sampled in a herd (GM); aliquots from heifers only (PM); and aliquots from the cows only (PM). Individual sera and the pools (GM and PM) were analyzed similarly and the specific antibody titer was calculated by comparison with laboratory standards. The antibody titer for pooled sera were correlated with the proportion of positive sera in the pool (P < 0.0001); but these could not be used to estimate the prevalence of seropositivity in a herd. Diagnosis based on pooled sera was less effective for the detection of low prevalences of seropositivity in Group 2 than in Group 1 because the antibody titer decreases after fasciolicide treatment. Infection was always detected using pooled sera in herds with a prevalence of seropositivity of more than 60% (GM) in Group 1, or with a prevalence of seropositivity of more than 70% in Group 2. The best method for herd diagnosis of fascioliasis was based on the presence of a positive test in either of the two PM groups. Using this method, all infected herds with a prevalence of seropositivity of more than 30% in Group 1, or 50% in Group 2, were accurately detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Apropos of 1 case of hepatogastric fascioliasis in Cape Verde].

The authors report a case of Fascioliasis sp. distomiasis with a double hepatic and gastric location primitively associated with a gastric cancer metastazed to the liver. The parasitic origin of the lesions suspected from the histological specimen of the gastric biopsy (the presence of eggs) was confirmed by serology with the presence of the arc 2 specific to immunoelectrophoretic analysis, while the parasitological examination of the stools was always negative. The patient grew well after a day's cure of triclabendazole (375 mg x 2). Although the ectopic locations of Fascioliasis are classic, they are usually in the abdominal wall, less frequently in the gastric or colic wall. The fact that the contamination originated on the Cape Verde is indiscutable, since the patient had never left the island. It is the 5th case described in medical literature, thus confirming the presence of Fasciola hepatica (or gigantica) on the islands of the Cape Verde, whose population is of both Portuguese and African origin and has kept the eating habits of the former colonial power (Portugal is a zone of high endemicity for human fascioliasis). It would be interesting to look for Limnaea and contaminated bovine on the Cape Verde islands.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of experimental fascioliasis on hepatic disposition of [3H]tetracycline and [14C]rafoxanide in rats.

[7-3H]Tetracycline and [carbonyl-14C]rafoxanide were injected intravenously into anesthetized controls and rats in which experimental fascioliasis had been induced by 20 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. The biliary excretion (1 and 3 h, respectively) of the radioactivity consisted of approximately 4% of the administered dose. In 4-week infested rats, biliary excretion of [3H]tetracycline and hepatic levels of radioactivity were decreased, whereas bile flow did not vary and plasma clearance of the antibiotic was significantly decreased in comparison with control animals. These differences could be the result of the fascioliasis-induced decrease in the hepatic uptake of tetracycline and the limited active transport for its output into bile canaliculi. No change in [14C]rafoxanide disposition was shown in infested rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Fascioliasis in Spain: a review of the literature and personal observations.

The fascioliasis induced by Fasciola hepatica is a syndrome which has still not been fully clarified in this country, though the different peninsular regions are suitable for completion of the life cycle of the worm; infested animals may found throughout these regions and in almost all of them human fascioliasis has been diagnosed, with the greatest incidence in the Basque Country, Navarra and La-Rioja. This greater appearance is probably related to the dietary habits in those areas, since the consumption of water cress is undoubtedly the principal source of contamination and is entirely responsible for the rest of the epidemiology of the diseases in humans. In the cases studied, the clinical symptoms did not differ from those habitually found in this syndrome. Serological methods have resolved the diagnosis in the acute phase of the disease and furthermore are of great use for monitoring post-treatment evolution. The cases studied by this Department were diagnosed with immunodiffusion, haemagglutination and immunoelectrophoresis techniques and the evolution of the patients was also followed by immunodiffusion and haemagglutination.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Bovine fascioliasis in Nigeria--intercurrent parasitic and bacterial infections.

The bacterial and parasitic infections associated with field cases of bovine fascioliasis due to Fasciola gigantica were investigated; 47.6% of infected cattle had blood parasites, 61.9% had faecal-borne parasites and 85.8% had positive bacterial isolates in the bile in contrast to 13.3% with blood parasites, 71.1% with faecal-borne parasites and 28.9% positive for bile bacteria among uninfected cattle. Trypanosoma spp., Babesia, Paramphistomum and Schistosoma were the most commonly found parasites associated with fascioliasis. On the other hand Staphylococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and mixed infections of these with other Enterobacteriaceae were the common bacteria isolated from the bile of infected cattle. The parasitaemia of Babesia was significantly higher in infected than uninfected cattle but there was no significant difference in strongyle egg count between the 2 groups of cattle.

Animals↗