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PubMed1993

The oral health status among residents of the Magadan Oblast, Russian Far East.

In April 1991, an oral health situation analysis team comprising oral health professionals from the Alaska Area Native Health Service, the World Health Organization, and the Moscow Medical Stomatological Institute visited the Magadan region of the Soviet Far East at the request of the Ministries of Health of both the Russian Republic and the then-Soviet Union. As few oral health data had been available specific to the Magadan region, the purpose of the trip was to gather data concerning oral diseases epidemiology, demography, and health systems of the communities of Magadan, Seymchan, and Provideniya as the basis for recommendations and plan development. The data were collected using standard WHO methodology. The analysis team examined children in the age cohorts of 3-5, 6-7, 12, and 15 years. In addition, adults aged 35-44 and 65-74 years were examined in Magadan and Seymchan. Both caries and periodontal rates are high, with a rate of 4.3 DMFT among 12-year-olds in the total region, but up to 5.4 DMFT in one location. Specific findings and recommendations have been forwarded to local community and health officials. The project is ongoing, and plans are underway to provide continuing assistance in designing and implementing an effective program for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genotyping of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated in Siberia and Far East].

Genotypic characteristics based three main factors of pathogenicity (presence of resident plasmids [pYV, pVM], gene of toxin-superantigen ypm and nine genes for high pathogenicity island [HPI]) of 212 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated in Siberia and Far East were studied. It was shown that strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis with one of two variants of plasmids 82:47 MDa and 47 MDa (60.8% and 31.6% respectively) are predominated. Gene ypmA was detected in 96.2% of isolated strains. Eight strains had none of the ymp gene variants. HPI were detected in 96.2% of isolated strains. Obtained characteristics of Y. pseudotuberculosis allowed to determine the dominating genogroup pWYV+, ypmA+, HPI- (95.8% of strains) that cause systemic infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Haemagglutination-inhibiting activity to type a influenza viruses in the sera of wild birds from the far east of the USSR.

The discovery in migrating birds of influenzaviruses and the demonstration of relationships between strains found in man and in birds show the importance of these investigations for influenzavirus ecology. Investigation of birds in the far-east regions of the USSR is particularly important as many of them migrate to South-East Asia and China, the regions from which human influenza pandemics seem to originate. A total of 262 bird sera from these regions were titrated by the HI method with 20 different influenzavirus antigens (5 human, 2 equine, 1 swine, and 12 avian influenzaviruses). Haemagglutination-inhibiting activity was found in 16.8% of the tested sera, most frequently in sera of Anas formosa, Gallinago gallinago, Anas falcata, and Larus crassirostris. HI activity to A/turkey/Wisconsin/66 (Hav6N2) was found in 7.3% of the sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

World War II: the Army Dental Corps in the Far East.

During the recent remembrance of VJ day, war veterans have related their own experiences as prisoners in the Japanese PoW camps. In this article, members of The Army Dental Corps recount their own histories during the war in the Far East. Whilst the conditions in which they lived are horrifying, the ingenious creation of dental tools and chairs from what materials they could find in order to carry on performing what they were enlisted to do--dentistry--is inspiring to say the least.

Concentration Camps↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microorganism "Montezuma" of the order Rickettsiales: the potential causative agent of tick-borne disease in the Far East of Russia].

A new microorganism, tentatively named "Montezuma" was detected in ticks and in specimens (blood, bioptic specimens of the primary affect) taken from patients with an acute fever disease, etiologically linked with the bites of Ixodes ticks in the Far East of the Russian Federation. After sequencing the products of the amplification of DNA isolated from ticks with wide-spectrum primers new primers were developed, highly specific to the unusual sequence thus obtained. The study revealed that ticks of the species Ixodes persulcatus (97%) and Haemophysalis concinnae (5%) contained DNA of this microorganism. The same DNA was detected in materials taken from the patients. The phylogenetic analysis of the gene showed that this organism formed an independent and well defined branch within the order Rickettsiales. The nearest homology (89%) was observed with recently detected endosymbiotes Acanthamoeba. The similarity with their relatives from the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae of the order Rickettsiales was within 81-86%, which made it possible to infer the existence of, probably, only a new genus, but also a family. The isolated DNA belonged, supposedly, to the new microoganism which caused a tick-borne disease in humans, transmitted through bites of Ixodes ticks, and was, supposedly, widely spread in the southern area of the Khabarovsk Territory.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The ecological aspects of the epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the south of the Far East in Russia].

The data on the relationship between the epizootic process in the population of mice (the source of Hantavirus infection) and the seasonal manifestations of morbidity in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the southern region of the Russian Far East are presented. The asynchronous course of the epizootic process in the population of rodents causes irregularity in the spread of HFRS in the region and periodicity in the appearance of foci. Seasonal rises in HFRS morbidity coincide with the activity of the epizootic process in the population of mice: spring-summer rises with an increase in the number of infected rodents in the populations of large Japanese field mice and autumn-winter rises in voles.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of psychiatric service resources on detection of mentally ill patients in Siberia and Far East (correlation-regression analysis)].

Analysis of the character of the linear relation between the totality and some factors (the number of beds, psychiatrists working at hospitals and on an outpatient basis) that characterize the psychiatric services in 18 regions of Siberia and the Far East over 16 years as well as between the identification of new cases of schizophrenia, epilepsy, alcoholism, neuroses, psychoses and oligophrenia has demonstrated a high efficacy of the totality of factors. The differences have been shown between the regions in respect to the relation of the factors to the disease incidence, explained by the authors by the specificity of the organizational structure of the psychiatric services and by a number of other factors.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1995

Geographical heterogeneity between Far East and Europe in prevalence of ypm gene encoding the novel superantigen among Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is known to produce a novel superantigen designated Y. pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen. In the present study, we demonstrated that there was a distinct geographical heterogeneity between the Far East (higher prevalence) and Europe (lower prevalence) in the prevalence of the ypm gene encoding the superantigen among Y. pseudotuberculosis strains.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1968

The China Medical Board and medical libraries in the Far East.

The China Medical Board was created in 1914 to support the development of a medical college in Peking, China. However, its activity had to be discontinued due to the political change in China in late 1950, and the Board's new plans expanded into the whole area of the Far East in 1951. The primary program is to assist financially in the development of medical and nursing education and research; the library is one of the major concerns of the program. The assistance to libraries is categorized as follows: construction and equipment, books and journals, fellowships, and other items. An attempt is made to describe the actual status of medical libraries in the area since World War II from the point of view of the program of the Board.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1983

Mecillinam, a new prophylactic for travellers' diarrhoea. A prospective double-blind study in tourists travelling to Egypt and the Far East.

The efficacy of mecillinam when given orally in preventing travellers' diarrhoea has been studied. Preliminary investigations in volunteers showed that single daily doses of up to 200 mg for 3 weeks were well tolerated. A randomised double-blind study was carried out in a group of tourists visiting Egypt and the Far East. The subjects took either mecillinam (200 mg daily) or placebo for 25 days. 19/36 tourists (53%) taking placebo and 5/38 tourists (13%) taking mecillinam developed travellers' diarrhoea during the treatment period (p less than 0.001). In the placebo group enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LT/ST) were found in 2 cases of diarrhoea and Salmonella in another 2 cases. In the remaining cases of diarrhoea the etiological agent was not found in either of the 2 groups.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Differentiation of European and Far East Asian populations of Saccharomyces paradoxus by allozyme analysis.

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to characterize 39 isolates belonging to the wild yeast species Saccharomyces paradoxus for variation at nine enzyme loci. The data revealed significant genetic differentiation between isolates from two geographically distinct regions, one including continental Europe and the other including the Russian Far East and Japan. The results are consistent with previous observations indicating that there is partial reproductive isolation between isolates collected from these regions, and they suggest the possibility that these two populations represent an early stage in speciation.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

World War II: the Army Dental Corps in the Far East.

August 15 is the anniversary of VJ Day--Victory in Japan. This article, the first of a 3-part series dedicated to remembering the efforts of the Army Dental Corps during the second world war, reproduces the personal experiences--some horrifying, some desperate, some funny--of those dentists who did their service in the Far East and who experienced VJ Day at first hand.

Anecdotes as Topic↗
PubMed1987

[Multidimensional analysis of the relation between the resources of the psychiatric service and the detection and prevalence of mental patients in regions of Siberia and the Far East].

The article deals with the assessment of the main components and canonic correlations reflecting the relationship between the resources of psychiatric care (a number of beds and psychiatrists providing medical care in hospitals and in other settings) and the rate of identification and incidence of psychoses, schizophrenia, epilepsy, alcoholism, neuroses and oligophrenia in Siberia and Far East over a period of 16 years (from 1965 to 1981 excluding 1978). The first main component covered up to 80.1% of the dispersion range of the identification rate and 94.5% of the incidence rate, the second component covered up to 37.1% and 21% respectively. Canonic correlations proved higher for the incidence rate as against the identification rate. Although there were substantial differences in the studied interrelationship with regard to a number of territories, the main tendency was expressed in a marked linear correlation between a growth in the resources of psychiatric service and the time-course of the rates of the studied pathology.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Correlation-regression analysis of the influence of psychiatric service resources on the dynamics of detected morbidity in the populations of Siberia and the Far East].

The authors have demonstrated the existence of linear correlation between the complex of three factors (the number of beds and psychiatrists in hospitals and outpatient clinics) and incidence rate (over a period of 16 years) of neuroses in 11 administrative areas, epilepsy, in 12 areas, psychoses, in 15, oligophrenia, in 17, alcoholism and schizophrenia in all 18 areas of Siberia and the Far East. Correlations of each of the three factors with the morbidity rate varied within a wide range in relation to both administrative areas and individual diseases. The authors draw attention to the importance of supplementing the growth of resources of psychiatric service with new forms and methods of work.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2004

Potential future studies on the nutritional status among indigenous peoples in Alaska and the Russian Far East: preliminary assessment of the Social Transition in the North data set.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this assessment is to examine the nutrition-related health data collected during the Social Transitions of the North (STN) study for understanding cultural differences between nations and the impact on nutritional status. METHODS: The nutrition data in the STN study was collected in two regions of Alaska (Northwest Arctic and the Aleutian Islands) and in two regions of the Russian Far East (Kamchatka and Chukotka). The health questionnaire explored several factors that may contribute to identifying the nutritional status of the study populations. These factors were appetite, weight, subsistence food consumption, vitamin or mineral supplements use self-perception of health, special diets, and number of meals consumed with relatives. RESULTS: US populations were heavier than the Russian population (p = 0.0001). Both the Alaskan and Russian populations are frequent users of subsistence foods. The US respondents reported consuming 75% or more of the total protein as subsistence protein more often (40%) than the Russian respondents (25%). CONCLUSION: US respondents perceive themselves as healthier than their Russian counterparts. The US respondents consumed greater amounts of subsistence foods in general, and more of their diet over the year is made up of Native protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Intestinal yersiniasis in the Far East. The sensitivity and cross resistance to antibiotics of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated in the Maritime Territory].

The author studied 121 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated in the Ptimorye Territory. It was found that by their sensitivity to antibiotics the strains did not differ from the analogues abroad strains: they were highly sensitive to tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin and monomycin (MIC 1.25 to 0.6 gamma/ml or units/ml), less sensitive to oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, levomycetin, oletetrine and gramicidine (MIC 10-5 gamma/ml), highly resistant to penicillin (MIC 100-50 gamma/ml), erythromycin and polymyxin (MIC 500-100 gamma/ml). No differences in the sensitivity to the above antibiotics of the Far East strains as dependent on the place period and source of isolation and inidentity of their biochemical characteristics were found. Cross resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica forms with artificially developed resistance to some antibiotics was found. No cross resistance with tetracycline was noted in the streptomycin resistant variants of the bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Diplogonoporiasis presumably introduced into Spain: first confirmed case of human infection acquired outside the Far East.

A 58-year-old man who was very fond of eating raw fish and had not left Zaragoza Province in Spain in the last 20 years excreted a short chain of gravid proglottids. Treatment with 50 mg/kg of paromomycin sulfate was divided into three doses, all given within the same day, followed by administration of a laxative at night. On days 1 and 2 post-treatment, several chains of degenerated proglottids were evacuated. Only eggs were expelled on days 3 and 4. A long complete strobila including the scolex, and immature, mature, and gravid segments was spontaneously discharged on day 25 after treatment. It was identified as Diplogonoporus balaenopterae, and was the first confirmed case of diplogonoporiasis outside the Far East (all previous cases were reported from Japan, except for one recent case reported from Korea). The origin of this case, outside of its normal geographic location, may be associated with the importation of fish into Spain. The viability of the infective larval stage is evidence of its resistance to export/import conditions. Treatment with paromomycin sulfate did not result in the whole worm being discharged but several short strobilar chains showed drug-induced degeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Chronic strongyloidiasis in World War II Far East ex-prisoners of war.

Fifty-two of 142 (37%) American ex-prisoners of war that worked on the Burma-Thailand Railroad during World War II were found to have previously unrecognized symptomatic Strongyloides stercoralis infections. A characteristic urticarial creeping skin eruption on the abdomen, buttocks and thighs occurred in 92%. Infection was also associated with pruritus ani, abdominal pain, indigestion, heartburn, and diarrhea. Demonstration of larvae in ether-formalin stool concentrates in these chronic low density infections required 5 hours of microscopy per case to detect 90% of positive cases. Therapy with thiabendazole resulted in a clinical cure in 93% and a microscopic cure in 100%; but was associated with frequent side effects. Chronic strongyloidiasis should be considered in veterans of Far East conflicts and in others with intimate soil contact in rural Strongyloides stercoralis-endemic areas who present with recurrent creeping skin eruption, abdominal pain, and eosinophilia.

Aged↗