Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FACIAL NERVE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Orientation of stapedial nerve fibers in the facial nerve trunk.

By staining with toluidine blue and vital staining with methylene blue, the topographical orientation of the stapedial nerve fibers in the facial nerve trunk was visualized in adult guinea pigs. The stapedial nerve with its perineural sheath emerges from the facial nerve trunk in the posteromedial aspect of the upper part of the vertical portion. Toward the horizontal portion, the stapedial nerve fibers gradually ramify, lose their investments, and intermingle with other nerve fibers inside the facial nerve trunk. In the labyrinthine portion, the stapedial nerve fibers are distributed diffusely near the surface along the posterior, medial, and anterior margins of the facial nerve trunk. These findings lead to the conclusion that the stapedial nerve fibers of guinea pigs do not form a single funiculus throughout the intratemporal course of the facial nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Prediction of facial nerve function after surgery for cerebellopontine angle tumors: use of a facial nerve stimulator and monitor.

A series of 18 patients undergoing surgery for cerebellopontine angle tumors is reported. Patients were grouped according to size of tumor (0 to 2.5 cm, 11 cases; more than 2.5 cm, 7 cases). In all, the facial nerve was identified and conductance assessed by monitoring the facial electromyographic response to facial nerve stimulation. Postoperative facial nerve function was graded clinically after 3 months according to the House scale. Tumor removal was complete in all cases. In patients with tumors up to 2.5 cm the facial nerve was intact to visual inspection at the end of the procedure in all but one, where partial division was evident. In this group intraoperative facial nerve stimulation indicated electrical integrity in 8 of the 11 cases, all of which regained good facial nerve function postoperatively (House grades I and II). Nerve conduction was lost during the operation in the remaining three patients with small tumors; two subsequently developed a moderately severe (grade IV) dysfunction and the third, a total paralysis (grade VI). In the large (more than 2.5 cm) tumor group the facial nerve was anatomically intact in five of the seven cases, partially divided in one, and completely sectioned in the remaining case. Facial nerve stimulation indicated functional integrity in three patients, two of whom developed moderate (grade III) and the third a severe (grade V) dysfunction. In the other four cases nerve function could not be detected at operation; three of these developed a moderate facial nerve dysfunction (grade III/IV) and the final case a complete paralysis (grade VI). Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring appeared to predict eventual facial function accurately in the small tumor group, but did not predict facial nerve recovery reliably following surgery for larger tumors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Epineurial pseudocysts of the intratemporal facial nerve.

OBJECTIVE: Facial nerve pseudocysts are infrequently encountered during temporal bone surgery or neurotologic evaluation. This report describes the senior author's experience with epineurial pseudocysts of the intratemporal facial nerve. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Academic, tertiary referral center. RESULTS: Epineurial pseudocysts were identified on computed tomography in the mastoid segment in seven patients during evaluation for profound sensorineural hearing loss or facial nerve symptoms. Histopathologic examination revealed fibroadipose tissue without nerve tissue in five cases that underwent excision. CONCLUSIONS: Facial nerve epineurial pseudocysts are uncommon, benign lesions of the mastoid segment. Surgical excision may be safely performed for facial motor symptoms or for cochlear implant placement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Intratemporal facial nerve hemangiomas.

Facial nerve hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that arise within the temporal bone and have a histologic appearance similar to both cavernous hemangiomas and vascular malformations. In contrast to facial nerve schwannomas, these are extraneural tumors that cause symptoms by compression and tend to produce deficits when very small in size. We report our experience at the House Ear Clinic with 34 patients having these nonglomus intratemporal vascular tumors. Hemangiomas arising in the internal auditory canal tend to produce a progressive sensorineural hearing loss and are demonstrated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whereas those at the geniculate ganglion are usually first seen with facial nerve symptoms and may require high-resolution computerized tomography (CT) for detection. Facial electromyography is helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Because of their extraneural nature, early diagnosis can permit removal of the tumor with preservation of facial nerves in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Long-term results of facial nerve function after acoustic neuroma surgery--clinical benefit of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring.

The goals in acoustic neuroma surgery should be the total removal of tumor and preservation of facial nerve function. The aim of this study is to establish the benefit of intraoperative monitoring for the total removal of tumor and the long-term result of facial nerve function after surgery. Thirty-two patients, who were operated on between 1985 and 1995, were divided into two groups: an unmonitored (n = 14) and a monitored (n = 18) group. Postoperative facial nerve function was followed by a modified House-Brackmann grading (H&B) immediately (initial), and at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year (final) after surgery. A final H&B grade of I/II was taken as the preservation of facial nerve function. Facial nerves were preserved anatomically in all cases. A total tumor removal was accomplished in 21% of unmonitored group and in 72% of monitored group patients. Final H&B (I/II) was achieved in 36% of unmonitored group and in 83% of monitored group patients. All 9 patients with initial H&B (I/II) had final H&B (I/II). None of 5 patients with initial H&B (V/VI) had final H&B (I/II). However, 3 patients showed late-recovery of facial weakness at 6 months after surgery. Eighteen patients with initial H&B (III/IV) had various degrees of final facial weakness. Among them, 12 patients showed early-recovery at 1 month after surgery. In conclusion, facial nerve monitoring during acoustic neuroma surgery is useful to improve the rates of total removal of tumor and functional preservation of facial nerve. We can expect final degrees of facial weakness by initial degrees in conjunction with sequential changes in postoperative facial weakness.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2000

[Historical development of facial nerve surgery with special reference to hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis].

In the ancient times, Aristotle, Herophilos, and Galen discovered basic anatomical structures. Paul von Aegina, in the seventh century A.C., had the idea of a nerve suture, which was first performed in an animal 1000 years later by the Italian surgeon Gabriele Ferrara. Systematic investigations on nerve crossing date to the beginning of the nineteenth century and were conducted by Jean Pierre Flourens. Within 1 week in summer 1864, two French surgeons (Laugier and Nélaton) independently carried out the first nerve sutures in humans. Their observations of an immediate functional recovery of the appropriate muscles after suturing were discussed controversially in scientific circles. The first cross nerve suture of the facial nerve (accessory-facial anastomosis) was first performed by Sir Charles Ballance in 1895. In 1901, the German Werner Koerte was the first surgeon to perform a hypoglossal-facial anastomosis in humans. Surprisingly, the theoretical speculations on the good functional recovery, which was noted after these observations, remain up-to-date.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Experiments on antidromic evoked potentials of the facial nerve. A possible electroneurodiagnostic examination of intratemporal facial nerve paralysis.

Registering of AEPs of the facial nerve was attempted both in animals and in human subjects. In animal experiments using cats and guinea pigs, electrical stimulus was given to the zygomatic branch. The neural responses registered from the electrode placed on the fallopian canal or on the posterior wall of the external auditory canal were verified to be the AEP. The AEP appeared to be a sensitive and simultaneous indicator of the neural compression damage. In the human experiments, the three major peripheral branches were transcutaneously stimulated, and the AEPs were registered in the depth of the external auditory canal. The marginal mandibular branch was thought to be the most suitable branch of the transcutaneous stimulation for human application. The AEPs registered from a patient with Bell's palsy was demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of mailuoning injection on calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in facial nerve of rabbits with facial spasm].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of Mailuoning injection (MLN) in protecting facial nerve from injury. METHODS: The New Zealand white rabbit model with facial spasm was established by compressing superficial temporal artery to make artificial demyelinated lesion of the main peripheral facial nerve trunk. The successful establishment was confirmed by using electrophysiological technique to determine abnormal muscle response (AMR) which is a characteristic for facial spasm. MLN was injected continuously through ear marginal vein for 2 weeks. The change of CGRP expression in facial nerve was detected by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: As compared with the model group, CGRP expression in facial nerve was significantly increased in the MLN group (P <0.01), and CGRP immunoreactive positive fibers were not seen in the shamoperation group. In the model group, the facial nerve fibers degenerated obviously, myelin sheath loosened and dissociated, the turgent axons with vacuole or even completely disappeared. But the facial nerve lesion was lessened in the MLN group. CONCLUSION: MLN has a significant protective effect on facial nerve demyelination in rabbits with facial spasm, which is closely related with its effect in improving CGRP expression in the facial nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Facial nerve stimulation and postparotidectomy facial paresis.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the association of intraoperative facial nerve stimulation and postoperative facial nerve paresis/paralysis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Eighty-nine consecutive patients who underwent parotidectomy by a single surgeon were retrospectively analyzed for age, gender, size of tumor, tumor histology, and intraoperative use of a facial nerve stimulator. RESULTS: Facial paresis developed in 22% (10 of 46) of the patients who were stimulated and 22% (5 of 23) of the nonstimulated patients. These results were not statistically significant (P = 1.0000). There was no permanent paralysis in either group. The tumor type and size and gender and age of the patient did not affect the outcome. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative facial nerve paresis or paralysis between the stimulated and nonstimulated patients. Routine use of a stimulator is not necessary during parotid surgery because its use does not prevent or promote facial nerve injury.

Facial Paralysis↗
PubMed2003

Candidal abscess of the parotid gland associated with facial nerve paralysis.

Facial nerve paralysis associated with parotid gland mass is usually caused by malignant neoplasms and facial nerve dysfunction due to parotid infection is exceedingly rare. A review of the literature revealed approximately 15 cases of facial nerve palsy associated with suppurative parotitis or parotid abscess. We report the first case of candidal abscess of the parotid gland associated with facial nerve paralysis in a 74-year-old insulin-dependent diabetic patient. The differential diagnosis in these unusual cases occurring in diabetic, immunodeficient patients should include Candida albicans infection.

Abscess↗
PubMed2005

Neurotube for facial nerve repair.

Facial nerve reconstruction for lesions with nerve gaps frequently require autologous or tubulized grafts of biological or synthetic origin. Neurotube, a bioabsorbable polyglycolic acid tube, represents a valid solution for this kind of defect in emergency and planned surgery. Seven posttraumatic lesions of terminal branches of the facial nerve were repaired by means of Neurotube from September 1999-September 2001. The nerve gap size ranged between 1-3 cm. Nerve regeneration was evaluated at 7-12 months of follow-up when muscle recovery function was examined. Muscle function was very good in 1 case, good in 4, and fair in 2 (71% positive results). No intolerance or discomfort was reported or observed. Neurotube is useful for the reconstruction of facial nerve lesions with a small nerve gap (less then 3 cm) when a direct anastomosis of the two stumps is not possible, or when the suture appears to be in tension. It is a valid alternative to autologous and biological tubulized grafts. The limits of this method are: 1) it can only be used with gaps of less than 3 cm; 2) it is quite costly; 3) there are reports of possible intolerance; and 4) it is not suitable for lesions of the proximal part of the facial nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Use of dilute epinephrine as an aid in facial nerve monitoring.

Facial nerve monitoring during otologic and neurotologic procedures has been previously described, and its use is becoming routine. Although these procedures are done under general anesthesia, lidocaine is often used as a vehicle for epinephrine to aid hemostasis during the procedure. The routine use of lidocaine in these preparations presents the theoretical and sometimes real problem of anesthetizing the facial nerve at the start of the procedure, thereby invalidating subsequent attempts at monitoring and stimulation. We present the data from our experience with 74 patients using an epinephrine solution 1:100,000 for infiltration without any local anesthetic. We have found this procedure to be effective in maintaining hemostasis, quite safe and well tolerated, and without adverse effects on the desired monitoring of the facial nerve.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2001

High-intensity facial nerve lesions on T2-weighted images in chronic persistent facial nerve palsy.

Our aim was to estimate the value of MRI in detecting irreversibly paralysed facial nerves. We examined 95 consecutive patients with a facial nerve palsy (14 with a persistent palsy, and 81 with good recovery), using a 1.0 T unit, with T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. The geniculate ganglion and tympanic segment had gave high signal on T2-weighted images in the chronic stage of persistent palsy, but not in acute palsy. The enhancement pattern of the facial nerve in the chronic persistent facial nerve palsy is similar to that in the acute palsy with good recovery. These findings suggest that T2-weighted MRI can be used to show severely damaged facial nerves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Surgical rehabilitation of facial nerve paralysis.

Facial nerve paralysis is a rare and often temporary complication of otologic and neuro-otologic surgery. Associated ocular complications must be avoided to prevent visual loss. When reanastomosis or grafting of the facial nerve is not possible, the VII-XII anastomosis offers reliable reinnervation of the distal facial nerve. For patients whose paralysis has been present for many years, the temporalis muscle transfer provides excellent results. This approach has been proven to give reproducible, aesthetic results with the fewest number of operations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis: assessment of clinical results and patient benefit for facial nerve palsy following acoustic neuroma excision.

Despite advances in neuro-otological techniques permanent complete facial palsy may still occur in up to 10% of patients undergoing removal of cerebellopontine angle tumours. Hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis is the procedure of choice in our unit for facial reanimation in such patients and below we report the results of hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis performed on 29 patients. Assessment of patient benefit from hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis was obtained using a questionnaire based on the Glasgow Benefit Inventory. The results showed all patients to have an improvement in their House Brackmann grade following hypoglossal-facial anastomosis with 65% achieving grade III or better. Of the 20 patients who completed the questionnaire, 18 showed a positive benefit (median score 59.5, range 40-77). There was a significant correlation (P < 0.045) between the Glasgow benefit inventory score and House Brackmann grade. Outcome was not affected by the time interval between the acoustic neuroma surgery and performing the hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis, sex or length of follow-up. However the Glasgow benefit score was significantly influenced by age (P = 0.023) with younger patients showing more benefit independent of improvement in facial nerve function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Bilateral facial nerve schwannomas.

Facial nerve schwannoma is an uncommon tumor and bilateral facial nerve tumors are extremely rare. A case is presented in which neuromas affecting the intra-canalicular and labyrinthine portions of both facial nerves occurred. Radiologic assessment demonstrated the origin of these tumors. Eventual tumor involvement of the sole functioning cochlea resulted in the development of total hearing loss. Management entailed symptomatic care and surgical resection. Auditory rehabilitation was attempted using cochlear implantation, but results have not been satisfactory. Genetic screening identified a mutation in the NF2 gene. It is proposed that this patient's condition should be considered a variant of neurofibromatosis 2 and that bilateral facial neuromas should be included in the clinical criteria for this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A pseudo-malignant Warthin's tumor presenting with facial nerve paralysis.

Facial nerve paralysis, in association with a parotid mass, is generally considered pathognomonic of malignancy. However, nine cases of paralysis with benign tumors have been reported: four in association with a pleomorphic adenoma, three with a Warthin's tumor and one with an oncocytoma. The details of these cases are described and an additional case of Warthin's tumor causing a facial paralysis is reported. In all four cases of Warthin's tumor the pathology is similar, with inflammation, fibrosis and necrosis, especially in areas surrounding branches of the facial nerve. In view of the 10 cases reviewed herein, it is suggested that the pathology be confirmed at the time of surgery and every effort made to preserve facial nerve function.

Adenolymphoma↗