Incidence of erythrasma in an elderly woman.
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Aged↗
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The fine structure of diphtheroids of erythrasma.
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Corynebacterium↗
[Recent views on the etiology and therapy of erythrasma].
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Corynebacterium↗
Diagnosis with Wood's light. Tinea capitis and erythrasma.
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Corynebacterium↗
Corynebacterium minutissimum infection.
Two cases of infection due to Corynebacterium minutissimum are described. On the basis of biochemical tests the organisms were thought at first to be Corynebacterium jeikeium. Methods of distinguishing between these species and the role of C. minutissimum in the pathogenesis of erythrasma and other skin infections are discussed.
Adult↗
Case report. Erythrasmoid pityriasis versicolor.
A 50-year-old Caucasian man with pityriasis versicolor that was localized almost exclusively in the inguinal folds and was characterized by lesions clinically superimposable on those of erythrasma is described. Due to these clinical characteristics, it is proposed that this variety of pityriasis versicolor is defined as 'erythrasmoid'.
Antifungal Agents↗
Tioconazole in the treatment of fungal infections of the skin. An international clinical research program.
In 32 studies involving 1,304 patients tioconazole 1% dermal cream has been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of a wide variety of superficial fungal infections of the skin and erythrasma. Tioconazole cream is more effective than miconazole nitrate 2% cream in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor and in infections with Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes which cause 70% of dermatophyte infections in man. Data from comparisons with econazole and clotrimazole are too few to allow conclusions to be drawn on relative efficacy. All the creams were easy to apply and there were no serious adverse reactions, local or systemic.
Adolescent↗
[Clotrimazol therapy of skin mycoses].
Clinical evaluation of a 1% clotrimazole cream and solution on 236 in and out patients with different clinical manifestations of mycotic infections was done. Clotrimazole, both cream and solution, is an effective and well tolerated agent in the treatment of infections due to dermatophytes and yeasts. Best results were recorded with patients suffering from pityriasis versicolor and erythrasma, and interdigital erosion.
Administration, Topical↗
Topically administered clindamycin in the treatment of acne vulgaris and other dermatologic disorders.
Clindamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has been used orally and topically in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Unfortunately, oral administration is associated with pseudomembranous colitis in up to 10% of patients; consequently, it is no longer a generally accepted form of acne therapy. Topical application is an effective, safer alternative. Topical formulations may be extemporaneously prepared or purchased as a pre-mixed hydroalcoholic solution. Adverse effects associated with topical preparations are few and mostly minor. Topical clindamycin is also used in the treatment of erythrasma, rosacea, periorificial facial dermatitis, and folliculitis.
Acne Vulgaris↗
Prospective studies on the etiology and treatment of pruritus ani.
Seventy-five patients presented with the complaint of pruritus ani. The following prospective studies were employed to evaluate groups of these patients; (1) laboratory, including blood count, stool examination for ova and parasites, urinalysis, Sequential Multiple Analysis-12 serum studies, stool pH, and skin scrapings for fungi; (2) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; (3) anal manometry; (4) elimination of dietary factors, and (5) topical ointment application. Many patients were concerned that a cancer caused the symptom. Once reassured, they tolerated the pruritus. Forty-eight to 50 per cent of these patients had poorly formed stools or incomplete stool evacuation; thus, soiling was frequent. An underlying skin problem was found in six patients with psoriasis and in one with erythrasma. Patients tended to worsen the problem by application of many medications and overzealous cleaning. Minor surgical problems of the anus should be corrected before other managements are instituted. Idiopathic pruritus ani responds to anal cleanliness, dietary discretion with avoidance of specific items by some patients, bowel habit regulation, and a mild topical hydrocortisone cream.
Administration, Topical↗
[Fluorescence with Wood's light. Current applications in dermatologic diagnosis, therapy follow-up and prevention].
The invisible long-wave ultraviolet radiation (340-450 nm, max.365 nm) produced by a Wood lamp can help to diagnose dermatoses with a characteristic fluorescence (tinea capitis, erythrasma, tinea versicolor, Pseudomonas infections, porphyrians, and pigmentary alterations). It is also used in the detection of medications that are taken systemically (tetracycline) or that are applied to the skin. Recently, a fluorescence technique with Wood light has been used as a preventive measure to monitor and quantify skin protection at the workplace and to teach workers in high-risk occupations the proper use of protective creams.
Dermatitis, Occupational↗
Corynebacterium minutissimum bacteremia in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis.
Serious infections and sepsis due to nondiphtheria Corynebacteria have been well described. A patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis, who developed Corynebacterium minutissimum bacteremia, is described in this report. Corynebacterium minutissimum is the causative agent of erythrasma and to our knowledge, this is the first published report of septicemia due to this organism.
Blast Crisis↗
Skin infections and ageing.
Elderly individuals have an increased susceptibility to skin infections due to age-related anatomical, physiological and environmental factors. The types of organisms that cause primary skin and soft tissue infections are diverse, and include bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens as well as parasites. In the elderly, these infections and infestations may present with atypical signs and symptoms or may complicate underlying chronic skin disorders. Clinical features, investigations and management of the following important and common skin infections are described in more detail: cellulitis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, impetigo, folliculitis, furunculosis and carbunculosis, erythrasma, herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia, herpes simplex, warts, molluscum contagiosum, dermatophytosis of the skin, hair and nails, candidiasis, and scabies. Treatment should be based on the results of the appropriate diagnostic tests. Correct diagnosis and therapy of skin infections lead to satisfactory outcome in the majority of elderly patients.
Aging↗
Obesity and dermatology.
Obesity is associated with a number of dermatoses. It affects cutaneous sensation, temperature regulation, foot shape, and vasculature. Acanthosis nigricans is the most common dermatological manifestation of obesity. Skin tags are more commonly associated with diabetes than with obesity. Obesity increases the incidence of cutaneous infections that include: candidiasis, intertigo, candida folliculitis, furunculosis, erythrasma, tinea cruris, and folliculitis. Less common infections include cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and gas gangrene. Leg ulcerations, lymphedema, plantar hyperkeratosis, and striae are more common with obesity. Hormonal abnormalities and genetic syndromes (Prader-Willi) are related to obesity and its dermatoses; however, cellulite is not related to obesity.
Acanthosis Nigricans↗
Diabetes mellitus.
Dermatologic problems are common in diabetes, with approximately 30% of patients experiencing some cutaneous involvement during the course of their illness. Skin manifestations generally appear during the course of the disease in patients known to have diabetes, but they may also be the first presenting sign of diabetes or even precede the diagnosis by many years. The skin involvement can be autoimmune in nature, such as acanthosis nigricans, necrobiosis lipoidica, diabetic dermopathy, scleredema, and granuloma annulare, or infectious in the form of erythrasma, necrotizing fasciitis, and mucormycosis. Pharmacologic management of diabetes, in addition, can also result in skin changes, such as lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy, at the site of injection of insulin, and oral antidiabetic agents can cause multiple skin reactions as adverse effects. The management of these cutaneous manifestations is tailored according to the underlying pathophysiology, but a tight control of blood glucose is a prerequisite in all management strategies.
Blood Glucose↗
Fusidic acid in skin and soft tissue infections.
Skin and soft skin tissue infections are usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. In vitro data show good activity of fusidic acid against staphylococci but the minimal inhibitory concentrations for streptococci are relatively high indicating marginal activity. A limited number of clinical trials have been performed using oral fusidic acid and although all have methodological problems the difference in susceptibility of these two organisms is apparent. The end of study cure rates for these studies were 91-99% for S. aureus and 75-85% for S. pyogenes. Topical therapy has been used in a number of forms and for different skin infections. Comparative studies have been conducted with mupirocin, trimethoprim/polymixin cream, hydrogen peroxide and combination steroid preparations. For most of these studies fusidic acid was equivalent to the comparator agent except where there was a proven S. pyogenes infection. Studies with topical fusidic acid have also been reported in specific disease states such as acne, erythrasma, and abscesses with good results.
Administration, Oral↗
Skin bacteriology and the role of Staphylococcus aureus in infection.
Many of the staphylococci and coryneforms that inhabit normal human skin do not cause skin disease. Amongst the remainder the mechanisms of pathogenicity vary widely. For Proteus, Pseudomonas and Brevibacterium species proteolysis is a major determinant. The precise role of Corynebacterium minutissimum in erythrasma and the propionibacteria in acne is not known. Staphylococcus aureus, however, produces a wide range of non-specific agents, such as haemolysins and leucocidins as well as highly specific toxins such as the epidermolytic toxins involved in bullous impetigo and scalded skin syndrome. Most of the current attention, however, is devoted to the role of the enterotoxins and toxic shock toxin as superantigens, with emphasis on their role in atopic dermatitis. Molecularly similar toxins in the streptococci play a similar role and may also have a role in the aetiology of psoriasis.
Corynebacterium Infections↗