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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Induced sputum: time from expectoration to processing.

One of the limitations in the use of induced sputum to measure indices of airway inflammation is the perceived need to process the sample within 2 h. Therefore, the authors investigated whether the processing of induced sputum could be delayed. Induced sputum samples obtained from asthmatic subjects (n=30) were examined. Each sample was stored at 4 degrees C. A portion was selected and processed within 2 h and the remaining expectorate (sputum plus saliva) was refrigerated. Later an equal amount was selected and processed at either 9 (n=15) or 18 (n=15) h. The sputum was examined for cell counts and viability, fluid-phase eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and fibrinogen. Repeatability of measurements was assessed by the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Measurements obtained at 9 h did not differ from those made at 2 h and the repeatability was excellent (ICC 0.88-0.99). However, by 18 h the median cell viability was reduced from 65.0% to 43.0% and the ICC was generally lower: 0.10 for total cell count, 0.24 for viability, 0.60 for neutrophils, 0.90 for eosinophils, 0.56 for macrophages, 0.76 for ECP, 0.82 for IL-8 and 0.84 for fibrinogen. The results indicate that when induced sputum from subjects with asthma is kept at 4 degrees C, examination of cell counts can be delayed for < or = 9 h and for the fluid-phase indices measured for < or = 18 h. Further investigation of this issue is required for spontaneous sputum, other airway diseases and other inflammatory markers.

Asthma↗
PubMed2001

Asymptomatic expectoration of surgical staples complicating lung volume reduction surgery.

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has recently been introduced as a palliative treatment for patients with severe emphysema. The most common postoperative complication is persistent air leak requiring prolonged tube thoracostomy. We describe a unique case of a patient with severe emphysema who underwent LVRS and presented, about a year later, with the repeated expectoration of surgical staples.

Cough↗
PubMed2002

[Anti-tussive and expectorant effects of Liangyuan Pipagao,a Chinese medicine]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacological effects of Liangyuan Pipagao on cough reflex and ciliary action. Liangyuan Pipagao is a compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: Cough was induced by aerosol citric acid in guinea pigs and aerosol capsacin in mice. Excretion function of the airway in mice was determined by phenol red method. Ciliary movement function of frog esophagus was examined by a migration method of charcoal granules. RESULTS: Liangyuan Pipagao inhibited both the citric acid-induced cough in guinea pigs and capsacin-induced cough in mice. ID(50)value 2.64 g/kg (95%Cl1.12 approximately 6.19) and 11.40 g/kg (95%Cl5.76 approximately 22.58) respectively. Further, Liangyuan Pipagao increased phenol red excretion in mice airways and stimulated ciliary action of frog esophagusin a dose-dependent fashion. ED(50) value 7.70 g/kg (95%Cl 4.62 approximately 12.83) and EC(25) value 1.07 X 10(-4) (95% Cl 0.394 approximately 2.92x10(-4)) respectively. CONCLUSION: Liangyuan Pipagao a traditional Chinese medicine may have anti-tussive as well as expectorant actions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

A case of expectoration of Gnathostoma spinigerum in Thailand.

A living adult male Gnathostoma spinigerum was coughed up by a 33-year-old Thai married woman. The expectorated worm may have emerged from the pharynx. Pork is a possible source of infection in this case. The significant symptoms of her illness were migratory joint pain, chest pain, palpitation, and itchy throat, progressively. She has never had swellings.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Microscopic and baceriologic analysis of expectorated sputum.

Samples of expectorated sputum were examined grossly and microscopically to determine their suitability for bacterial cultures. Microscopically, specimens were categorized according to the number of leukocytes and squamous epithelial cells (SEC) observed under low-power (times 100) in a Gram-stained smear. The mean number of species isolated was greater than 4 from specimens with more than 10 SEC per field, 2.7 from specimens with fewer than 10 SEC per field, and 2.4 from transtracheal aspirates. Oropharyngeal flora was isolated from nearly all of the specimens with more than 10 SEC per field, and potential pathogens were found in less than 15% of such specimens. The bacterial flora of specimens with fewer than 10 SEC per field closely resembled that of transtracheal aspirates.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gallstone expectoration following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated gallstone disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy may result in lost (spilled) gallstones. Such stones may precipitate various infective intra-abdominal complications. An unusual case of spilled gallstones eroding the diaphragm and eventually being expectorated out 12 months after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is reported.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[A case of intrapulmonary teratoma presenting with expectoration of white hair and cheese-like material].

A 41-year-old man presented with expectoration of white hair and cheese-like material. The chest radiograph showed a round shadow adjacent to the right hilum. Bronchofiberscopy revealed strands of white hair and an obstruction consisting of sebaceous material in the right B3b bronchus. Right upper lobectomy was performed. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of intrapulmonary mature teratoma. This characteristic clinical presentation and the bronchofiberscopic findings may have been specific for the diagnosis of teratoma in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Pulmonary hyperinflation and respiratory distress following solvent aspiration in a patient with asthma: expectoration of bronchial casts and clinical improvement with high-frequency chest wall oscillation.

An 18-year-old student with a history of asthma accidentally inhaled organic solvent during a class, with immediate cough and dyspnea that worsened over several hours. He presented in severe respiratory distress, with hypoxemia and marked pulmonary hyperinflation. Administration of inhaled bronchodilator was ineffective because of agitation, and the patient could not be positioned for chest physiotherapy to treat presumed widespread mucus plugging. High-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) in the sitting position initially caused increased distress but was subsequently tolerated when noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) via nasal mask was initiated. Almost immediately, the patient began expectorating bronchial mucus casts, with concomitant clinical improvement. Endotracheal intubation was avoided, and with aggressive pharmacologic treatment for acute severe asthma and continuation of intermittent HFCWO-NPPV, the patient made a full recovery over the next several days. This case suggests that the combination of HFCWO and NPPV may be helpful in the presence of mucus plugging as a complication of acute inhalation injury or acute severe asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[A case of pulmonary actinomycosis, who expectorated sulfur granules, caused by Actinomyces odontolyticus and Actinomyces meyeri].

A 51-year-old man complaining of cough and bloody sputum, was admitted to our hospital because of antibiotic-resistant chronic pneumonia in the right upper lobe. Initially, bronchoscopic examination and sputum culture revealed no evidence of malignancy or any specific infection, either pathologically or microbiologically. However, pathological examination of a solid body expectorated with sputum revealed typical sulfur granules, indicating pulmonary actinomycosis. Two actinomyceses named Actinomyces odontolyticus and Actinomyces meyeri were detected later. Pulmonary infection caused by these types of actinomyceses is rare, and the diagnostic procedure seemed to be unusual.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1989

[Behavioral study on an antitussive and expectorant, and of its constituents. I. Effects on ambulatory activity and discrete lever-press avoidance response in mice].

Effects of oral administration of a commercial preparation of an antitussive and expectorant (BRON-W Solution, SS Pharmaceut., BRON), and of its constituents; dihydrocodeine (2HCOD), methylephedrine (MEPH), caffeine (CAF) and chloropheniramine (CPA), were behaviorally investigated by means of ambulatory activity and discrete lever-press avoidance response in mice. In 1ml of BRON, 2HCOD 1mg, MEPH 2mg, CAF 2.06mg and CPA 0.4mg are contained with 0.25ml of Senega sirup. BRON 5 and 10ml/kg increased the ambulatory activity in a dose-dependent manner, and suppressed the avoidance response at 10ml/kg. Similar behavioral effects were reproduced by the administration of a mixed solution, in which 2HCOD, MEPH, CAF and CPA were contained at the same doses with those in BRON 10ml/kg. However, such the effects could not be observed after the administration of the drug solutions in which CAF was not contained. The combined administration of 4 drugs at the doses corresponding to 40ml/kg of BRON elicited significant increase in the ambulatory activity and disruption of the avoidance response, eliciting a decrease in the avoidance rate. Though these behavioral effects markedly changed when CAF was eliminated from the solution, an elimination of either 2HCOD, MEPH or CPA was also effective to modify the behavioral effect. Furthermore, combined administration of 4 drugs and MEPH + CAF + CPA at the doses equivalent to those contained in 40ml/kg of BRON produced death of 1 or 2 mice out of 10-14. The present results suggest that the ambulation-increasing and avoidance-suppressing effects of BRON were mainly produced by CAF, and that 2HCOD, MEPH and CPA are also involved therein. In addition, there is a possibility of acute death during BRON-abuse.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Behavioral study on an antitussive and expectorant, and of its constituents. II. Effects on ambulatory activity after repeated administration, and a modification of the methamphetamine sensitivity in mice].

Effects of repeated oral administration of a commercial preparation of antitussive and expectorant, BRON-W Solution (SS Pharmaceut., BRON; 10ml/kg), and of single and combination of dihydrocodeine (2HCOD; 10mg/kg), methylephedrine (MEPH; 20mg/kg), caffeine (CAF; 20.6mg/kg) and chloropheniramine (CPA; 4mg/kg) were investigated by means of ambulatory activity in mice. The drug doses tested were identical with those in BRON 10ml/kg. The drug administration was conducted 5 times at intervals of 3-4 days. Furthermore, 4 days after the final treatments, all mice were given methamphetamine 2 mg/kg s.c. In the single administration regimen of individual drugs, only CAF significantly increased the ambulatory activity. However, there was no significant change in the ambulation-increasing effect of CAF after the repeated administration. The other 3 drugs failed to elicit any marked change in the activity throughout the 5 times administration. Such the repeated administration of the individual drugs induced no significant change in the sensitivity to the ambulation-increasing effect of methamphetamine. BRON and BRON-corresponding combination of 4 drugs increased the ambulatory activity in the 1st administration, and the ambulation-increasing effect was progressively enhanced by the repeated administration of these preparations. On the other hand, although CAF-containing solutions significantly increased the ambulatory activity in the 1st administration, the proportions of the changes in the ambulatory activity during the repeated administration regimen were different from that observed after BRON. The combined administration of 2HCOD + MEPH + CPA failed to increase the ambulatory activity in the 1st administration, but significantly increased it in the 2nd and 3rd administration, then elicited again no significant increase in the activity in the 4th and 5th administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The use of a new balsamic expectorant in bronchopulmonary pathology in children].

The therapeutic effectiveness of a new antiinflammatory-expectorant drug, guacetisal (Broncaspin) has been compared with that of a well known mucolytic, bromexine, already available for therapy, in the paediatric suspension formula. The study was carried out on 26 children in the 1st Paediatrics clinic of Milan University. The children were suffering from inflammation of the respiratory apparatus. It is concluded that the new drug possesses greated clinical effectiveness.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1975

Projectile expectoration associated with an esophageal diverticulum in a cow.

An adult Milking Shorthorn cow developed a pulsion diverticulum of the esophagus, close to the esophageal hiatus. Clinical signs were loss of condition and projectile expectoration of chewed ingesta, as far as 2 m, accomplished by forceful expiration clearing the regurgitated ingesta from the pharynx. The lesion was detected by digital palpation through the cardia, via a rumenotomy incision.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Hemoptysis and pseudohemoptysis: the patient expectorating blood.

Patients expectorating blood seek evaluation and treatment from a variety of clinicians. Although the bleeding may arise either from the lungs (hemoptysis) or from the upper aerodigestive tract (pseudohemoptysis), the evaluation commonly focuses on exclusion of a pulmonary neoplastic source. Likewise, most literary reviews only focus on hemoptysis as it relates to pulmonary malignancies. The present retrospective review identifies 471 patients with the diagnosis of hemoptysis over a six-year period, and 10% were ultimately found to have UAT etiologies for their bleeding. UAT cancers were identified as the source in 2.1% of all patients, either due to primary lesions or via metastases. The majority of UAT cancers had been previously diagnosed prior to this episode of hemoptysis. This review indicates that a thorough UAT history and exam is warranted in the hemoptysis patient because of the significant occurrence of UAT causes. However, the likelihood of finding an occult UAT cancer in this patient population is very low with the only risk factor being a previous history of a UAT neoplasm.

Adolescent↗