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PubMed1978

Surgical results of orbital decompression for malignant exophthalmos.

In summary, we have presented the epidemiology, pathology, clinical classes, diagnostic techniques and surgical techniques employed, and the results in 220 patients who have undergone transantral orbital decompression for malignant exophthalmos. Reduction of proptosis up to 12 mm has been obtained. In 80 per cent of the patients the eyes were balanced within 1 mm. Complications have been minimal. We feel that this procedure has proven its efficacy in the treatment of malignant exophthalmos. In most cases it enables the preservation or improvement of vision and arrests the progressive extraocular muscle imbalance. The importance of close cooperation between otolaryngologist, endocrinologist and ophthalmologist cannot be overemphasized in the management of this disorder.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Taenia serialis causing exophthalmos in a pet rabbit.

A 16-month-old, male, neuter Dwarf Lop rabbit presented with exophthalmos of the right eye of 3 weeks duration. Under sedation an ultrasound of the right eye was performed and showed an orbital hypo-echoic area posterior and ventrolateral to the right globe, which was presumed to be a cyst. Fine needle aspirate removed 5.5 mLs of straw-colored fluid from the cyst, which allowed the globe to return to its normal position. Two months later the rabbit re-presented with exophthalmos of the right eye. Exploratory surgery was performed and a large cystic structure was removed from the ventro-lateral conjunctival fornix. Histology confirmed the cyst to be a coenurus of Taenia serialis.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Total thyroidectomy in progressive endocrine exophthalmos (author's transl)].

In 26 patients with progressive endocrine exophthalmos thyroidectomy was performed after conservative treatment had failed. This treatment was successful in all but two patients. The success of therapy depended on the complete removal of all thyroid tissue. If the ophthalmic changes were more than a year old or if there had been preoperative irradiation of the orbit regression of the exophthalmos was less satisfactory.

Exophthalmos↗

PubMed2004

[Erdheim-Chester disease as differential diagnosis in bilateral exophthalmos].

This report describes the case of a patient who had symmetrical exophthalmos, periorbital xanthelasmas and reduced vision. Next to Wegener's granulomatosis the differential diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease is discussed. It concerns a rare systemic histiocytosis of unknown etiology. Above all, the skeleton system with symmetrical long bone osteosclerosis is affected. Manifestations in the area of the orbit have seldom been reported with bilateral retrobulbar infiltrations, exophthalmos, diplopia, compression of the optic nerve and periorbital xanthelasmas.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

[Differential diagnosis of pulsating exophthalmos (author's transl)].

An unusual cause of pulsating exophthalmos is reported. In a 70-year-old man the metastasis of a hypernephroma located in the anterior cranial fossa led to osteolysis of the os frontale and the formation of an arteriovenous fistula in the glabella. Arterialization of the surrounding veins and the invasion of the tumor into the orbita resulted in the pulsating exophthalmos.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

A complication of peribulbar block in a patient with exophthalmos.

A patient with marked exophthalmos secondary to thyroid eye disease presented for tarsorrhaphy and removal of orbital fat. A single superolateral peribulbar injection was performed. After injection of 3.5 ml of local anaesthetic solution, the globe suddenly dislocated anteriorly. This complication has not been described previously. In patients with exophthalmos, general anaesthesia should be considered as the method of choice for ophthalmic procedures.

Anesthesia, Local↗

PubMed1989

Surgical treatment of thyrotoxic exophthalmos.

Conservative treatment of thyrotoxic exophthalmos has not given satisfactory results. Our observations, modifications of the standard surgical technique, and the results of orbital decompression for this condition are presented. Through a transverse incision close to the lower eyelid margin, the floor and the lateral orbital wall are explored. The posterior part of the orbital floor and the zygomatic part of the lateral orbital wall, as well as the periorbital fat, are removed. Through an incision made over the medial margin of the orbit, the medial orbital wall is explored and its ethmoidal part is removed. By the same approach, further retrobulbar fat is removed. Through an upper eyelid incision, fat is removed from the eyelid region and the levator aponeurosis is divided. This produces satisfactory symmetrical decompression of the orbit with good correction of exophthalmos and a significant decrease in the signs and symptoms of this condition.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1976

Exophthalmos and epidural hematoma.

The development of a right exophthalmos in a patient with a left hemispheric epidural hematoma is reported. The parallel development of these two conditions in this unusual case suggests some direct relationship, although it must be recognized that a coincidental relationship is possible. The exact cause of the exophthalmos remains obscure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Acute endocrine exophthalmos.

A case is reported of acute endocrine exophthalmos in a 60-year-old clinically euthyroid male diabetic and the rapid response to steroid therapy is described. The exophthalmometer was used to assess objectively the variations of the exophthalmos.

Conjunctiva↗

PubMed1981

Rhinoscleroma with exophthalmos: a case report.

This is a report of a 20-year-old Nigerian man with a 15-year history of exophthalmos and nasal blockage caused by rhinoscleromatous. The diagnosis was made by histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen taken from the nasal passages. Despite protracted antibiotic therapy the patient experienced recurrent exophthalmos. Computerised axial tomography and sinus films showed the lesion to have invaded through the sinus passage into the orbit. Further histopathological examination of tissue removed at the time of surgical decompression also revealed rhinoscleroma. This appears to be the third report of rhinoscleromatous spread to the orbit.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Severe exophthalmos secondary to orbital myopathy not due to Graves's disease.

An 18-month-old white female child presented with severe bilateral exophthalmos. She was thought to have Grave's disease because her orbital CT scan showed massively enlarge extraocular muscles. She was subsequently found to have myelomonocytic leukaemia. This was treated with radiation, with rapid resolution of her exophthalmos and exposure keratitis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1982

Periodic exophthalmos associated with the blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome: a case report.

A 71-year-old woman with the blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome experienced 4 episodes of self-limiting unilateral exophthalmos. Is is suggested that a vascular malformation in the orbit is responsible for this phenomenon. A biopsy sample was taken of one of the cutaneous lesions and studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. The histological appearances are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms causing this periodic exophthalmos.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Rapidly expanding exophthalmos: an unusual presentation of small cell lung cancer.

A 61-year-old male presented with a rapidly progressive exophthalmos from small cell lung cancer metastatic to the right orbit. His vision in that eye was 20/200, and his intraocular pressure was 36 mmHg. The orbital metastasis responded dramatically to chemotherapy. One week after starting the chemotherapy the patient did not have exophthalmos, his vision was 20/20, and three weeks later the intraocular pressure was 12 mmHg.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A sphenoid en plaque meningioma aggravates exophthalmos in a patient with thyroid ophthalmopathy.

PURPOSE: To describe the rare case of a patient with thyroid ophthalmopathy whose unilateral aggravated exophthalmos was caused by the development of an ipsilateral sphenoid wing en plaque meningioma. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: The ophthalmologic examination included visual acuity assessment, anterior segment examination, funduscopy, ocular motility examination, and exophthalmometry. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbit revealed the existence of a sphenoid meningioma. Removal of the tumor through a pterional craniotomy was performed. The histologic examination showed that it was an en plaque meningioma. There were no postoperative complications and no recurrence of the tumor was revealed 24 months after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed ophthalmologic examination and MRI of the brain and orbit are necessary in every patient with deterioration of the exophthalmos even if the suggestive cause seems obvious.

Brain↗

PubMed2005

Type I Gaucher disease with exophthalmos and pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.

BACKGROUND: Gaucher disease type I, the non-neuropathic type, usually presents in adulthood with hepatosplenomegaly. We report here an adult with type I Gaucher disease presented with unusual and severe clinical manifestations. CASE PRESENTATION: Hepatosplenomegaly, bone crisis and fractures occurred at early childhood, and splenectomy was performed at the age of 5. Exophthalmos with increase in retrobulbar space was noted when the patient was 30. Cerezyme infusion started at the age of 32; but unfortunately, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation with dyspnea and hypoxemia was found two years later. Gene analysis revealed V375L/L444P mutations in the beta-glucocerebrosidase gene. CONCLUSION: Although both eye and lung diseases have been associated with Gaucher disease, this is the first reported demonstration of exophthalmos and pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in the same patient. This case may therefore present an extremely severe and unusual form of type I Gaucher disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Exophthalmos in ageing rats with Harderian gland disease.

Exophthalmos was found in aged rats in several longevity studies. Four cases were due to malignant Harderian gland neoplasia whilst others were associated with severe Harderian gland inflammation, less severe inflammation being found in rats without exophthalmos.

Aging↗

PubMed1992

Unilateral facial swelling and exophthalmos in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa.

A patient with polyarteritis nodosa (PN) presenting with exophthalmos and facial swelling, which are rarely found in PN, is reported. The patient, a 27-year-old male, complained of painful facial swelling and diplopia. Physical examinations showed facial swelling around the right orbit and exophthalmos. After admission, he experienced myalgia in both calves. Laboratory studies disclosed leukocytosis and liver dysfunction. Celiac and renal angiograms showed aneurysms. A biopsy specimen of his left calf showed an arterial inflammatory process. The patient was diagnosed as having PN. He had an excellent response to corticosteroids, with prompt improvement.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1984

Pulsating unilateral exophthalmos due to traumatic aneurysm of the intraorbital ophthalmic artery. Case report.

A case of pulsating unilateral exophthalmos is presented. It was caused by a traumatic aneurysm of the intraorbital ophthalmic artery, secondary to missile injury. Evolution of the aneurysm was observed clinically, by angiography, and by computerized tomography. The differential diagnosis of pulsating exophthalmos and the pathogenesis of such aneurysms are briefly discussed.

Adult↗