Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ESTHETICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the perceptions of lay people and dental professionals with respect to minor variations in anterior tooth size and alignment and their relation to the surrounding soft tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smiling photographs were intentionally altered with one of eight common anterior esthetic discrepancies in varying degrees of deviation, including variations in crown length, crown width, incisor crown angulation, midline, open gingival embrasure, gingival margin, incisal plane, and gingiva-to-lip distance. Forty images were randomized in a questionnaire and rated according to attractiveness by three groups: orthodontists, general dentists, and lay people; 300 questionnaires were distributed. RESULTS: The response rate was 88.2% for orthodontists, 51.8% for general dentists, and 60.6% for lay people. The results demonstrated threshold levels of noticeable difference between the varying levels of discrepancy. A maxillary midline deviation of 4 mm was necessary before orthodontists rated it significantly less esthetic than the others. However, general dentists and lay people were unable to detect even a 4-mm midline deviation. All three groups were able to distinguish a 2-mm discrepancy in incisor crown angulation. An incisal plane cant of 1 mm as well as a 3-mm narrowing in maxillary lateral incisor crown width were required by orthodontists and general dentists to be rated significantly less esthetic. Lay people were unable to detect an incisal plane asymmetry until it was 3 mm, or a lateral incisor narrowing until it reached 4 mm. Threshold levels for open gingival embrasure and gingiva-to-lip distance were both at 2 mm for the orthodontic group. Open gingival embrasure became detectable by the general dentists and lay people at 3 mm, whereas gingiva-to-lip distance was classified by these groups as noticeably unattractive at 4 mm. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study show that orthodontists, general dentists, and lay people detect specific dental esthetic discrepancies at varying levels of deviation, which may aid the dental professional in making specific treatment recommendations.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Esthetic considerations in removable prosthodontics.

UNLABELLED: Patients requiring extensive replacement of teeth with removable prostheses are indeed esthetic orphans in many contemporary dental practices. Although the advent of successful osseointegration has dramatically reduced the need for removable prostheses, there are still many patients who for health, anatomic, psychological, or financial reasons are not candidates for implants. These patients deserve the same level of esthetic restorative dentistry as those who are restored with fixed prostheses. Clearly, the restorative dentist has the greatest flexibility from an esthetic standpoint with complete dentures. Soft and hard tissues can be replaced with contemporary characterized denture-base materials, and a truly infinite variety of tooth forms, shades, and arrangements can be used to meet the expectations of the most demanding patient. For partially edentulous patients, the major problem is designing a removable partial denture that avoids the unsightly display associated with conventional clasp assemblies. There are strategies available to accomplish this effectively while establishing an environment for optimal periodontal health, and to minimize destructive stresses on the abutment teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This article discusses the procedures essential for providing an upscale, quality esthetic service with removable prostheses. Effective strategies to eliminate unsightly clasp assemblies with removable partial dentures are described.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMed2003

Esthetic techniques and restorative systems used in the second-year undergraduate dental curriculum.

Metal-free tooth-colored restorative systems for fabricating indirect intracoronal and extracoronal restorations have been developed because of patients' demand for superior esthetics. During the past decade, long-term clinical studies have demonstrated the success of many of these types of restorations in terms of function and esthetics. Ceramic veneers, all-ceramic crowns, ceramic onlays, and composite-resin inlays are becoming an integral part of contemporary clinical practice. The constant evolution in bonding techniques, adhesive systems, and cements plays a major role in the success of these metal-free restorations. In addition, home-bleaching procedures have become an integral part of the esthetically oriented dental practice. This article discusses the rationale, scientific basis, and implementation of a new undergraduate preclinical esthetics course for second-year dental students at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry.

Crowns↗
PubMed1995

Enamel opacities and dental esthetics.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the esthetic importance of different types of developmental enamel defect. METHODS: In the first method used, individual subjects from three different populations with less than 0.1, 0.7, and 0.9 ppm fluoride in their drinking water, were asked about the appearance of their teeth and results compared to assessments of clinical photographs made by a single examiner. In the second method used, dentist and lay observers were asked to assess the appearance of the dentition of selected individuals who had a range of enamel defects. RESULTS: According to the first method, both the size of demarcated opacities and the degree of enamel hypomineralization (TF index) were related to satisfaction with appearance. However, there was no difference in satisfaction with the appearance of the teeth among the three areas included in this study. In the second method, similar types of enamel defects were found to be esthetic stimuli as with the first study, but the dentists responded more strongly to the stimulus of enamel hypomineralization than the lay examiners. CONCLUSIONS: Both demarcated opacities and enamel hypomineralization may be important when assessing differences between populations. Further, esthetic ratings by dentists may not be a suitable means of assessing the esthetic importance of different types of enamel defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Dental esthetic satisfaction in adults.

This study determined the influence of teeth, mouth, and face on self-image and personal esthetic satisfaction in adults. A random sample of 125 patients completed a five-item questionnaire about personal esthetic satisfaction and oral self-image. As a group, general dental variables were stronger predictors of esthetic satisfaction than orthodontic variables (P less than .01). Discrepancies between clinical findings and patterns of self-perception and satisfaction suggest the dentist and patient should plan together for esthetic dental treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Patient maintenance of esthetic restorations.

There are probably as many ways to maintain esthetic restorations as there are restorations. After esthetic treatment is completed, schedule a mandatory postoperative appointment to make certain that whatever technique the patient uses is effective. At the postoperative visit, it should be apparent that the patient's tissue is healthy. If the tissue has not healed, some change in home care or additional periodontal or restorative treatment may be necessary. There are virtually hundreds, perhaps even thousands of home plaque removal devices. The ones mentioned here have worked for us and are therefore discussed. It isn't the type of device that is critical, however, but patient compliance. The described regimens have worked effectively for us in overcoming this obstacle of compliance. Appropriate recall visits with the hygienist should be made at one- to six-month intervals. In the final analysis, your success with esthetic restorations may well depend on your patients' success with esthetic maintenance.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗
PubMed2000

Restoring esthetics and anterior guidance in worn anterior teeth. A conservative multidisciplinary approach.

BACKGROUND: Developments in adhesive dentistry have given the dental profession new restorative materials and technology to restore esthetics and function to the worn anterior dentition. This article illustrates, through a clinical case study, the clinical requirements for restoring esthetic harmony and functional stability to the worn anterior dentition. CASE DESCRIPTION: The author presents the case of a 24-year-old man who sought esthetic dental treatment because he was unhappy with the appearance of his maxillary anterior teeth. The review of his dental history revealed that he ground his teeth at night. The author performed a complete evaluation of the causes of the patient's bruxism and created a diagnostic preview to, among other things, develop the relationship between the condylar and anterior guidance and to establish the esthetic requirements for the final restorations. Treatment included periodontal recontouring, tooth preparation and placement of temporary and then permanent restorations; the patient also was given an occlusal guard to protect the restorations against future bruxing. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Whatever the cause of occlusal instability, it is important that the restorative dentist be able to recognize its signs--such as tooth hypermobility, tooth wear, periodontal breakdown, occlusal dimpling, stress fractures, exostosis, muscle enlargement and loss of posterior disclusion. When restoring the worn dentition, the clinician should bear in mind the five P's: proper planning prevents poor performance.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of esthetic, functional, and quality-of-life outcome in adult cleft lip and palate patients.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of esthetic, functional, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes in adult patients with a repaired cleft lip and palate. The treatment for all patients was based on the so-called Vienna concept. PATIENTS/DESIGN: Seventy adult patients with a repaired complete cleft lip and palate, ranging in age from 18 to 30 years, were included in the study. Esthetic and functional outcomes were assessed by the patients themselves and by five experts using a visual analog scale. Patients also completed the MOS Short-Form 36 questionnaire to evaluate health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Patients rated their esthetic outcome significantly worse than the experts did. No significant differences were observed in the ratings for function. Female patients, especially, were dissatisfied with their esthetic outcomes. In a personal interview, nearly 63% of them asked for further treatment, particularly for upper-lip and nose corrections. The health-related quality-of-life questionnaire revealed low scores for only two subscales, namely social functioning and emotional role. In most subscales of health-related quality of life, patients who desired further treatment had significantly lower scores than did patients who desired no further treatment. CONCLUSION: Surgery of the lip and nose appears to be of prime importance for patients with a cleft lip and palate. Cleft patients who do not request secondary treatment are not always satisfied with the treatment. Patients with realistic expectations in regard to further treatment should be treated by specialists, whereas those with unrealistic expectations should be referred to a clinical psychologist.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

Effect of presurgical infant orthopedics on facial esthetics in complete bilateral cleft lip and palate.

A sample of 40 teenage individuals with repaired complete bilateral cleft lip and palate, 20 of whom had received presurgical infant orthopedics, was obtained to test the effects of presurgical infant orthopedics on facial esthetics. All subjects had surgery by the same surgeon. The age and sex distribution was approximately equal between the two groups. A panel of five judges evaluated the lip and nose esthetics from full face and profile slides and a mean panel score for each subject was derived for six individual features and three total scores. No difference in the esthetic scores between the two groups could be detected. No differences were found in the number of revisionary surgical procedures required to the lip or nose. The findings indicate that conservative presurgical orthopedics for infants with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate has no lasting effect on the esthetics of the lip and nose, and does not alter the need for subsequent revisionary surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Composite crown-form crowns for severely decayed primary molars: a technique for restoring function and esthetics.

Current developments in esthetic dentistry center around new techniques and materials that improve the ability of the clinician to provide esthetic services. This article describes a step-by-step method of placing composite crown-form crowns on severely decayed primary mandibular molars. The described technique allows for restoring, as close as possible, form and function lost to caries in an esthetic mode in cases of severely decayed primary molars that would have required stainless steel crowns had they been treated traditionally. Disadvantages of this treatment mode are that dryness may not be prevented in the proximal margins, especially where subgingival carious involvement is encountered and the margin areas may be contaminated with gingival fluid or blood. Although no long-term follow-up has been reported for the technique, when strong opposition by the parent or child to the stainless steel crown is encountered, and a desire for esthetic restoration is strongly expressed, the composite crown-form crowns may be considered as an alternative.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of multiple recession-type defects in patients with esthetic demands.

BACKGROUND: When multiple recession defects affecting adjacent teeth in esthetic areas of the mouth are present, patient-related considerations suggest the selection of surgical techniques that allow all gingival defects to be simultaneously corrected with the soft tissue close to the defects themselves. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, with respect to root coverage, the effectiveness of a new surgical approach to the coronally advanced flap procedure for the treatment of multiple recession defects in patients with esthetic demands. METHODS: Twenty-two young systemically and periodontally healthy subjects with at least 2 recession-type defects affecting adjacent teeth in esthetic areas of the mouth were enrolled in the study. All recessions were Miller Class I or II. In each patient, all present recessions were treated at the same time with a modification of the coronally advanced flap technique. The clinical re-evaluation was made 1 year after the surgery. RESULTS: A total of 73 recessions (mean recession depth 2.8 mm) were treated; mean number of gingival recessions in each subject was 3.4. At the 1-year examination, on average, 97% of the root surface was covered with soft tissue and 64 defects (88%) showed complete root coverage. Complete root coverage in all recessions was achieved in 16 out of 22 patients (73%), and no statistically significant relationship was found between the root coverage results and the number of recession defects treated in each patient. A statistically significant increase of keratinized tissue (0.6 mm) was observed after 1 year; this increase was inversely correlated (P <0.001) with the amount of presurgical keratinized tissue. The multiple regression model showed that the final result, in terms of root coverage, was significantly affected by the initial recession depth and by the amount of presurgical keratinized tissue. Greater reductions in recession depth were observed in the cases with worse initial conditions and with lesser amount of keratinized tissue apical to the recession defect. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrated that the proposed surgical technique was very effective for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions affecting teeth in esthetic areas of the mouth and that these successful root coverage results could be achieved irrespective to both the number of recessions simultaneously treated during the surgical intervention and the presence, before surgery, of a minimal amount of keratinized tissue apical to the defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Esthetic buccal flap for correction of buccal fenestration defects during flapless immediate implant surgery.

BACKGROUND: Clinically, it is a tremendous challenge to create natural gingival esthetics after immediate or delayed implant placement. Hence, flapless immediate implant surgery has been proposed to overcome the shortfalls of these techniques. Nonetheless, one of the major limitations for this technique is its inability to correct localized horizontal/vertical deficiency, dehiscence, or fenestration without jeopardizing esthetic outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to present a new flap design, the esthetic buccal flap (EBF), aimed at overcoming this potential problem while maintaining the optimal esthetic appearance. METHODS: Five consecutively EBF-treated patients with simultaneous implant placement were included in this pilot case study. Clinical measurements were taken at the time of prosthesis insertion and 6 and 12 months after surgery. These included soft tissue height, papillae appearance, scar appearance, and mid-buccal probing depth. RESULTS: Data obtained from this pilot case study showed that soft tissue height was preserved, and papillae appearance remained the same as at presurgery. No scar tissue was reported in any cases. Mid-buccal probing depths remained consistent throughout the study. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that EBF, together with simultaneously guided bone augmentation, allows clinicians to correct apical buccal fenestration defects while maintaining the supraosseous soft tissue during flapless immediate implant surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Predictable periimplant gingival esthetics: use of the natural tooth as a provisional following implant placement.

UNLABELLED: Maintaining the interdental papilla and bone height following implant placement has been a challenge for the restorative dentist. Bone resorption following anterior tooth extraction is common and often compromises the esthetics of the final restoration. The tissue must be maintained during the surgical and healing phases to achieve an esthetic outcome. Using the patient's natural tooth as a provisional can help maintain the volume and support the papilla. This article describes a technique to achieve maximum esthetics and preservation of tissue following tooth extraction and implant placement. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: By using the patient's extracted natural tooth, the tissue should maintain itself with minimal recession. This will allow for a more esthetic outcome.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMed1998

Form follows function: occlusion based rationale for esthetic dentistry.

Esthetic dentistry is one of the prime essential areas in dentistry today. The purpose of this article is to address the dependent relationship between excellent esthetics and optimum occlusion. Occlusal objectives must be addressed and achieved. If one is to expect to recreate ideal esthetics, one must first thoroughly investigate, diagnose, and establish an ideal occlusal scheme. The case study within this article revisits the most imperative principle with regards to esthetics and that is: form always follows function.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Photographic imaging for esthetic restorative dentistry.

Patient dental records are the most critical component of every dental practice. Whether these records are maintained in traditional cardboard folders or as digital bytes of information, the completeness of their contents is important to successful patient care. Two trends are expanding the contents of the dental record to include photographs. One of these trends is the widespread interest in esthetic restorative dentistry and the other is the increasing level of expectations by the public. More than ever, patients are seeking dental treatment to alter the appearance of their teeth. Unfortunately, esthetic restorative dentistry often is not part of a formal dental education. In addition, esthetics is a subjective topic, and patient demands and expectations can easily exceed a dentist's skill and expertise. This can ultimately lead to an "unhappy patient syndrome" and cause conflict between the patient and the dental team. Sometimes this conflict can result in litigation, which is another reason that photographs are a valuable addition to the patient record. The information that is contained in a good-quality set of "before" and "after" photographs cannot be duplicated with other components of the dental record. Taking the time to assemble adequate baseline records is always critical before any patient care is initiated. In restorative dentistry, this includes the standard of care elements: a health history, soft-tissue examination, periodontal examination, teeth and restoration examination, study casts, and an adequate radiographic survey. The use of photography in dentistry has historically been limited to the field of orthodontics. It is the standard of care for orthodontic baseline records, but has not been mandated for restorative dentistry. Memories are rarely accurate about subtle details of one's appearance and people can easily forget what their original smiles looked like even though treatment time may only be a matter of days. Baseline photographs provide an irrefutable record of pretreatment conditions in correct context. More importantly, you do not have to be a dentist to interpret the general information that is displayed on a photograph. To gain additional perspective on this issue, we consulted a panel of three dentists who are well recognized for their expertise in dental esthetics and imaging.

Dental Equipment↗
PubMed2000

Considerations for esthetic facial surgery in the African-American patient.

Due to the diverse ethnic nature of most communities, the perception of beauty is not homogeneous. Beauty is a perception of good balance, symmetry, harmony, and features that are pleasing to the eye. It is not possible to quantitate beauty. Many attempts have been made to standardize what is and is not beautiful by establishing the ethnic norms. Surgeons commonly attempt to achieve these ideal norms, but they may not necessarily be considered beautiful by the individual patient. Therefore, it is imperative for the surgeon to completely understand the patients' goals for surgery, which may not fit the ideal norms published in studies for that specific ethnic community. It also has become essential for patients to be made aware of the limitations of surgery, especially if their goals are unrealistic, to avert future distress and medicolegal problems. Thus, what is "normal" is not necessarily beautiful, and perhaps it would be better to strive for what is considered beautiful to the individual patient, rather than normal. Within the African-American population, the concept of what is beautiful can be extremely diverse. The number of African Americans who seek cosmetic or esthetic facial surgery is limited. As the number of esthetic procedures performed in the African-American population increases, however, the more educated this population will become regarding these procedures, and the more comfortable the surgeon will become regarding his or her own sense of "African-American beauty" and specific esthetic facial considerations for this population. It should be mentioned that as the number of African-American surgeons increases, their influence within the African-American population regarding the availability of esthetic procedures will also be felt.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterior esthetic fixed appliances for the preschooler: considerations and a technique for placement.

One of the pediatric dentist's greatest restorative challenges is the esthetic rehabilitation of a young toddler who has suffered multiple tooth loss subsequent to rampant early childhood caries or extensive dental trauma. An anterior esthetic appliance may be used to replace lost teeth. The most decisive factor for placing an anterior esthetic appliance is parental desire. Other considerations include: space maintenance, masticatory function, speech development, and tongue habits. However, there is no strong evidence that early loss of maxillary incisors will have any significant, long lasting effect on the growth and development of the child. This paper discusses in detail one type of fixed anterior esthetic appliance and the considerations to be made when deciding when and why to place them.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

The role of the divine proportion in the esthetic improvement of patients undergoing combined orthodontic/orthognathic surgical treatment.

This study was designed to investigate the changes in a number of facial proportions as a result of combined orthodontic/orthognathic surgical treatment. According to some authors, in beautiful faces, the values of the proportions measured are likely to approximate the divine proportion (1.618:1). The hypothesis for this study was that, as a result of treatment, the faces of patients in the sample would be more esthetic and therefore the measured proportions would be closer to the divine proportion than they were before treatment. Forty-six patients were included in the sample. Pre- and posttreatment photographs were each given a score (out of a possible 100) by 12 judges using a visual analog scale. Judges were shown frontal and profile views simultaneously. Ten ratios were measured from pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms, and 11 were measured from the frontal photos. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between changes in esthetic rating and changes in the measured proportions. No correlations were found between changes in esthetic ratings and changes in the proportions. While most subjects were considered more esthetic after treatment than before, the proportions were equally likely to move away from or toward the divine proportion. For this reason, if it is to be used as an aid to orthodontic/orthognathic treatment planning, the divine proportion should perhaps be used along with other methods of anteroposterior and vertical cephalometric and facial assessment.

Adolescent↗