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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Economic management. Why economic regulation of prevention?].

There is much lip service but little practical every day behavior aiming at prevention. Instructors and practitioners or health promotion and health protection experience much less recognition than the healers of diseases. Infrastructure and training for prevention let much to be desired. Only a political action on a higher level can give preventive measures the weight they deserve. Economic mechanisms seem the most appropriate way of regulation.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1995

Economic evaluation of diagnostic follow-up after primary treatment for breast cancer. Results of the Working Group on Economic-Organizational Aspects of Follow-up.

BACKGROUND: This study examined costs associated with different 5-year follow-up regimens (intensive vs. minimum) in patients after primary breast cancer treatment. METHODS: Since the results of two randomised controlled trials showed a similar 5-year survival for asymptomatic patients followed with frequent diagnostic tests and patients followed with only routine clinical controls, the economic savings resulting from the systematic adoption of a minimum surveillance regimen were estimated for Italy. RESULTS: When considering only direct health care costs (i.e., excluding time and travel costs) and adopting a minimalist policy, the average per patient savings (5% yearly compound rate) were calculated at 3.7 million Italian lire for paying patients, 2.5 million Italian lire for patient reimbursement from private voluntary/integrative health insurance funds, and to range from 1.2 to 2.1 million Italian lire for payment to the National Health Service (NHS). Total follow-up savings for the patient cohort which had breast surgery in the last 5 years were estimated to range from 29 to 51 billion Italian lire for the NHS, 92 billion Italian lire for paying patients and 62 billion Italian lire for the health insurance funds. CONCLUSIONS: Alternative use of these savings were discussed with reference to breast cancer screening programs.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1967

Health, population, and economic development. International health programs have an important role in promoting economic development and population control.

Health as a basic human value is particularly important to people in the developing world. Rates of economic development lower than had been hoped for and ever more steeply rising population growth have precipitated a reaction against public health programs. Among economists, agriculturalists, and even health professionals the philosophy arose that one should "hold back" on using modern weapons against disease because they are "too effective." To satisfy the recognized popular demand, simple and relatively ineffective measures of curative medicine could be substituted. It was said that the emphasis should be, instead, on agriculture, community development, education, and industrialization and that family planning should be pushed as a separate program. Documentation presented here sharply challenges such a point of view. No segment of the total development process can be effective without the other sectors.

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Papanicolaou stain: Is it economical to switch to rapid, economical, acetic acid, papanicolaou stain?

OBJECTIVE: To standardize an inexpensive and rapid Papanicolaou staining technique with limited ethanol usage. STUDY DESIGN: Smears from 200 patients were collected (2 per patient) and fixed in methanol. Half were subjected to conventional Papanicolaou and half to stain ing with rapid, economical, acetic acid Papanicolaou (REAP) stain. In REAP, pre-OG6 and post-OG6 and post-EA36 ethanol baths were replaced by 1% acetic acid and Scott's tap water with tap water. Hematoxylin was preheated to 60 degrees C. Final dehydration was with methanol. REAP smears were compared with Papanicolaou smears for optimal cytoplasmic and nuclear staining, stain preservation, cost and turnaround time. RESULTS: With the REAP method, cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was optimal in 181 and 192 cases, respectively. The staining time was considerably reduced, to 3 minutes, and the cost per smear was reduced to one fourth. The staining quality remained good in all the smears for > 2 years. CONCLUSION: REAP is a rapid, cost-effective alternative to Papanicolaou stain. Though low stain penetration in large cell clusters is a limitation, final interpretation was not compromised.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1992

[The economic loss of poliomyelitis outbreak in Pi County and economic beneficial analysis on EPI].

In 1989, there was a poliomyelitis outbreak in Pi county, Jiangsu province. The total case number was 597 in which 52 died. It caused the patients' families and national economic loss 2,713,107.32 yuan and lessened creating value of 18,583,942.35 yuan for the country. The outbreak was mainly caused by the fact that many children did not set vaccination card, missed vaccination chance and lacked in immunity to polio. So the ratio of cost-benefit will be expected to reach 1:6.85, and the net benefit of 2,317,268.16 yuan can be gained if the task of EPI is implemented well to avoid the occurrence of outbreak.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of economic and socio-economic expenditures in relation to clinico-psychopathological characteristics of schizophrenia].

The paper is a fragment of the studies into estimation of expenditures in a representative group (386 patients) with schizophrenia. The authors describe the results of an analysis of "direct" and "indirect" expenditures incurred for the treatment of schizophrenic patients depending on the sex, age, disease pattern, prevailing positive syndrome, and the level of negative symptomatology. The values of these expenditures turned out fairly variable. It could be demonstrated that there are definite, significant correlations between the magnitude of these expenditures and ++clinico-psychopathological factors. The highest expenditures were recorded in patients fit for work, they are largely determined by expenditures for inpatient treatment and disability payments. It should be emphasized that in male patients, they appear much higher, particularly in the group of patients with simple schizophrenia. It means that using economic estimates indirectly reflecting the gravity and characteristic features of schizophrenia, one can assess different manifestations of the disease in terms of universal units of cost.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

When innovative therapies make economic sense: economic analysis of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in the ESSENCE trial--an overview. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous in non-Q Wave Coronary Events.

An economic substudy using intention-to-treat analysis was conducted prospectively to compare the costs of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy in 936 patients enrolled in the United States arm of the multicentre, international Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events (ESSENCE) trial. Hospital billing data were used for 655 of the American patients. Hospital costs for the remainder of the patients were imputed using a multivariate linear regression model (r2 = 0.86). Physician fees were estimated from the Medicare Fee Schedule. Results indicated that, compared with UFH patients, enoxaparin patients made use of fewer resources during initial hospitalization, with the largest difference in resource use seen for coronary angioplasty patients (15% for enoxaparin versus 20% for UFH patients; P = 0.04). This trend persisted at 30 days, with the largest reductions in resource use occurring in diagnostic catheterization (57% versus 63%, respectively; P = 0.04) and coronary angioplasty (18% versus 22%, respectively; P = 0.08). Although the mean cost for a course of enoxaparin was US $155, compared with US $80 for UFH, total medical costs for hospitalization, physician care and drugs during the initial treatment phase were US $11,857 for enoxaparin therapy versus US $12,620 for UFH therapy, producing a cost advantage of US $763 for enoxaparin therapy (P = 0.18). Cumulative cost savings associated with enoxaparin treatment at 30 days were US $1,172 (P = 0.04). Results suggested that enoxaparin therapy compared with standard UFH therapy improves key clinical outcomes and saves money in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Coronary Disease↗