Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Duodenum”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Tyrosine phosphorylation in the human duodenum.

Many growth factor receptors including the epidermal growth factor receptor function through tyrosine kinase activity. The aim of this study was to examine the constitutive level of tyrosine phosphorylation in the normal duodenum and in the hyperproliferative coeliac duodenum. A flow cytometric assay was devised using monoclonal antibody to phosphorylated (but not native) tyrosine residues to determine the levels of tyrosine phosphorylation in both CD3 positive intraepithelial lymphocytes and CD3 negative epithelial cells obtained by EDTA treatment of endoscopically obtained duodenal biopsy specimens. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on 18 formalin fixed coeliac duodenal biopsy specimens and eight control specimens. Tyrosine phosphorylation could be detected by flow cytometry on duodenal enterocytes and this expression was up regulated by pretreatment with epidermal growth factor. Tyrosine phosphorylation decreased with progression from the villus to the crypt, however, and was virtually undetectable on crypt enterocytes. Immunohistochemistry of the coeliac duodenum showed virtually absent tyrosine phosphorylation in the crypt. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation was detected in the infiltrating T cells. In conclusion, tyrosine phosphorylation in the duodenum is confined to the non-proliferative villous epithelium and is virtually undetectable in the proliferative crypt compartment. These findings suggest that tyrosine kinase activity is not a significant factor in the regulation of crypt cell proliferation in the human duodenum either in normal subjects or in coeliac disease patients.

CD3 Complex↗
PubMed1996

Circadian gastric acidity in Helicobacter pylori positive ulcer patients with and without gastric metaplasia in the duodenum.

BACKGROUND: The presence of gastric metaplasia allows helicobacter pylori to colonise the duodenum and this condition is thought to be acquired as a response to acid hypersecretion. This functional disorder, however, is present only in a subgroup of duodenal ulcer patients and, in addition, surface gastric metaplasia has been frequently found in the proximal duodenum of normal subjects and patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia, who cannot be certainly considered as acid hypersecretors. AIMS: To clarify the role of acid in inducing gastric type epithelium in the duodenum. This study aimed at assessing whether the pattern of circadian gastric acidity differs between H pylori positive duodenal ulcer patients with and without duodenal gastric metaplasia. PATIENTS: Seventy one patients with duodenal ulcer confirmed by endoscopy and who were found to be positive for H pylori infection by histology on antrum biopsy specimens were enrolled into this study. METHODS: Gastric type epithelium in the duodenum was found in 49 of 71 ulcer patients (69%). Continuous 24 hour gastric pH metry was performed in 50 healthy subjects and in the two subgroups of duodenal ulcer patients with and without gastric metaplasia in the duodenum. Gastric acidity was calculated for 24 hours (1700-1659), night (2000-0759) and day-time (0800-1959). RESULTS: Ulcer patients without gastric metaplasia showed a significantly higher gastric acidity (p < 0.001) than controls for every time interval considered, while the ulcer subgroup with gastric metaplasia was more acid than healthy subjects (p < 0.001) during the whole 24 hour period and the daytime. There was no difference between the two subgroups of duodenal ulcer patients with and without gastric metaplasia during the various time segments analysed. CONCLUSION: The findings confirm that the circadian gastric acidity of duodenal ulcer patients is higher than that of controls. As there is no difference in gastric pH between duodenal ulcer patients with and without gastric metaplasia, gastric hyperacidity is not specific to patients with duodenal gastric metaplasia. It is probable that this histological change is a non-specific response to mucosal injury resulting from various factors and not exclusively to acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Surface epithelial HCO3(-) transport by mammalian duodenum in vivo.

Duodenal surface epithelial transport of HCO3(-) was measured by direct titration in anesthetized animals. Alkalinization of the lumen occurred in all species, although basal rates varied considerably: rats (approximately 10), cats (approximately 15), pigs (approximately 25), dogs (approximately 25), guinea pigs (approximately 40), and rabbits (approximately 170 mueq.cm-1.h-1). In cats duodenum transported HCO3(-) at a greater basal rate than jejunum (approximately 5 mueq.cm-2.h-1) and developed a higher transmucosal electrical potential difference (PD, lumen negative). Luminal application of 10 mM HCl for 5 min produced a sustained increase in the rate of duodenal HCO3(-) transport that was accompanied by a rise in appearance of E-like prostaglandin immunoreactivity in the lumen and a decrease in DNA release. In cats pretreated with indomethacin (10 mg/kg iv), acid caused only a transient increase in HCO3(-) transport. Exogenous prostaglandin E2 (1-12 microM, luminal) increased basal HCO3(-) transport in cats, rats, and dogs but had no effect on this transport in guinea pigs and rabbits. However, prostaglandin E2 increased HCO3(-) transport and PD in guinea pigs pretreated with inhibitors of tissue cyclooxygenase activity (indomethacin or aspirin) or gastric H+ secretion (cimetidine). Thus the continuous exposure of the duodenum of herbivores to HCl discharged from the stomach may itself stimulate HCO3(-) transport via an increase in endogenous prostaglandin levels and render exogenous prostaglandins ineffective. Secretin (1-15 CU/kg iv) was without effect in both cats and guinea pigs. In guinea pigs, intravenous glucagon (120-360 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) or gastric inhibitory peptide (5 micrograms/kg) both increased HCO3(-) transport but not PD. Hence, prostaglandin-stimulated and hormone-stimulated mechanisms of HCO3(-) transport probably occur in mammalian duodenum as found previously in the isolated amphibian duodenum. The results suggest that epithelial HCO3(-) transport is a major mechanism of acid disposal, and thus mucosal protection, in mammalian duodenum under the control of hormones and endogenous prostaglandins.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced motility of rat antrum, pylorus, and duodenum in vitro.

Motor effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) on rat antrum, pylorus, and duodenum have been studied in vitro under standard conditions. Intraluminal pressure changes were simultaneously measured at the three locations using a perfusion manometric system with a novel intraluminal pressure-sensor device. This device comprised an acrylic cast of the rat gastroduodenal tract containing the perfusion catheters that reached the surface of the cast with their outlets in the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum. A selective and sensitive intraluminal local pressure measurement was achieved with this pressure sensor due to its shape. CCK-OP increased base-line pressure in the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum; frequencies of phasic contractions in the antrum and pylorus; and amplitudes in the duodenum. The peptide also decreased contraction amplitudes in the antrum and pylorus and frequency of phasic contractions in the duodenum. It is concluded that the novel intraluminal pressure sensor is a useful tool for measuring local pressure changes in the gastroduodenal tract of the rat. In this experimental model, effects of CCK-OP on antral, pyloric, and duodenal base-line pressure are comparable with those observed in isolated muscle strips and in the intact organ of humans, dogs, and opossums. A different behavior, however, was observed in the force of antral and frequency of duodenal phasic contractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Dual role of CFTR in cAMP-stimulated HCO3- secretion across murine duodenum.

The role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in cAMP-stimulated HCO3- secretion across the murine duodenum was investigated. Serosal-to-mucosal flux of HCO3- (Js-->m, in mu eq.cm-2.h-1) and short-circuit current (Isc; in mu eq.cm-2.h-1) were measured by the pH stat method in duodenum from CFTR knockout [CFTR(-)] and normal [CFTR(+)] mice. Under control conditions, forskolin increased Js-->m and Isc (+1.7 and +3.5, respectively) across the CFTR(+) but not CFTR(-) duodenum. Both the forskolin-stimulated delta Js-->m and delta Isc were abolished by the CFTR channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate, whereas inhibition of luminal Cl-/HCO3- exchange by luminal Cl- removal or DIDS reduced the Js-->m by approximately 18% without a consistent effect on the delta Isc. Methazolamide also reduced the Js-->m by 39% but did not affect the delta Isc. When carbonic anhydrase-dependent HCO3- secretion was isolated by using a CO2-gassed, HCO3(-)-free Ringer bath, forskolin stimulated the Js-->m and Isc (+0.7 and +2.0, respectively) across CFTR(+) but not CFTR(-) duodenum. Under these conditions, luminal Cl- substitution or DIDS abolished the Js-->m but not the delta Isc. It was concluded that cAMP-stimulated HCO3- secretion across the duodenum involves 1) electrogenic secretion via a CFTR HCO3- conductance and 2) electroneutral secretion via a CFTR-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange process that is closely associated with the carbonic anhydrase activity of the epithelium.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between fluctuations of pH and pressure in the human stomach and duodenum.

The normal patterns of pressure activity in the antrum, pylorus and duodenum and associated pH changes were monitored in 9 healthy volunteers under fasted conditions and after ingestion of 300 ml of chocolate milk. The manometric assembly incorporated three side holes in the antrum, four side holes in the duodenum, a sleeve sensor positioned across the pylorus, and pH electrodes situated in the terminal antrum and proximal duodenum. The most common motor pattern recorded under fasting conditions consisted of regular co-ordinated contractions, most of which involved the antrum and duodenum, showed evidence of propagation and was associated with transient decreases in duodenal pH and transient increases in antral pH. Ingestion of milk changes the motor pattern to one that was composed of pressure waves which were confined to the pylorus with few or no pressure waves in the terminal antrum or proximal duodenum. Isolated pyloric pressure waves were gradually replaced by propagated antropyloroduodenal contractions which were associated with transient decreases in duodenal pH. Isolated pyloric pressure waves were not associated with episodes of duodenal acidification under fed conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Decrease of ACh response in isolated duodenum from SART stressed (repeated cold stressed) mice (author's transl)].

ACh response in the isolated duodenum from SART stressed (repeated cold stressed) mice was remarkably decreased in comparison to normal mice 5 days after onset of loading SART stress, and maximal contraction in SART stress mice duodenum was about 37% of that in non-stressed mice. Pilocarpine and KCl responses were also considerably decreased, but BaCl2 response was much the same as in the controls. Thus, the contraction system of the muscle is apparently not damaged by SART stress. Though body weights decreased, the daily intake of food incressed in SART stressed mice. Length of small intestine from SART stressed mice was much the same as in controls, but wet weights of small intestines were larger than in controls. Autonomic agonists, antagonists, tranquilizers and other drugs were given intraperitoneally to mice once daily during SART stress, and the ACh responses in the isolated duodenum were investigated. Pretreatment with adrenergic and anticholinergic drugs inhibited the decrease of ACh response, but antiadrenergic and cholinergic drugs had no effects. Pretreatment with tranquilizers such as reserpine, chlorpromazine, carpipramine and imipramine inhibited the decrease of ACh response in the isolated duodenum, but diazepam, meprobamate and benadryl had no influence. Pretreatment of neurotropin, a neurosedative had good inhibitory effects. Our results suggest that SART stressed mice may be in a state of unbalance regarding sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, particularly with regard to abnormal tension in the parasympathetic nervous system, in part of duodenum. Pretreatment with most of the above drugs had no influence on loss of body weight in SART stressed mice while pretreatment with neurotropin inhibited body weight to a considerable extent.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Site of emetic action of oral copper sulfate in dogs. (II) Importance of lower duodenum.

Sensitivities of the stomach and duodenum to oral copper sulfate emesis were compared in dogs. 1) Dogs equipped with a stainless stell cannula in the middle of the duodenum were challenged to the oral threshold emetic dose of copper sulfate administered by a gastric tube. When the cannulas were opened, the oral thresholds were not effective to elicit vomiting in the most cases (1/13). Fairly rapid and high rate recoveries of copper through the open cannula were noted. With the closed cannulas, the thresholds were highly effective (16/16). 2)In the dogs with a cannula at the upper part of the jejunum, the oral threshold doses were always effective whether the canula was opened (9/9) or closed (11/11). Recovery rates of copper from the cannula were usually poor. 3) The oral thresholds administered into the proximal end or the middle of the duodenum through a PVC tubing were equally effective. 4) Although copper sulfate might irritate the stomach and upper duodenum to evoke vomiting, these results suggested a higher sensitivity of the lower duodenum.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide and tetragastrin on the contractile activities of the stomach, duodenum and papilla of Vater].

Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP) and tetragastrin (TG) on the stomach, duodenum and papilla of Vater were examined using 13 adult dogs. The contractile activities of the stomach and duodenum were examined using the strain gage, and the manometric study of the papilla of Vater was also performed. CCK-OP increased the contractile activities of the stomach and duodenum, but at the same time the pressure of the papilla of Vater was decreased. TG increased the contractile activities of the stomach, but decreased that of the duodenum and the pressure of papilla of Vater. CCK-OP lowered the pressure of the common bile duct, and that fall corresponded with the disappearance of the phasic contraction of the papilla of Vater. We concluded that the contractile activity of the papilla of Vater was independent of the contractile activity of the duodenum, and the most effective drainage of the bile was achieved at the time of the disappearance of the phasic contraction of the papilla of Vater.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1990

Fat inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion from the duodenum but not from the proximal jejunum in chronic gastric fistula rats.

The effect of fat emulsion in the upper intestine on the maximal gastric acid response to pentagastrin was studied in chronic gastric fistula (GF) rats with a 4-cm blind loop of the duodenum anastomosed to the jejunum (Roux-en-Y). Fat emulsion in the loop inhibited the acid response by 85%. To localize the site of the inhibitory mechanism, GF rats were provided with Thirty-Vella loops of the duodenum (bile and pancreatic ducts transplanted to the proximal jejunum) or with Thirty-Vella loops of the proximal jejunum and a Roux-en-Y loop of the duodenum to prevent gastric juice from entering the duodenum. Perfusion of the duodenal loop with fat emulsion mixed with bile and pancreatic juice reduced the acid response by 49%, but perfusion of the proximal jejunal loop did not alter the response. It is concluded that the intestinal mechanism for inhibition of acid secretion by fat is located in the duodenum in rats.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1997

Electrogenic ion transport along the human duodenum in childhood.

BACKGROUND: To find reliable sites to study the effects of different secretagogues on electrogenic ion secretion, we investigated the secretion pattern in different parts of duodenum. METHODS: Histologically normal routine intestinal biopsy specimens from children were mounted in a modified Ussing chamber. The secretory responses to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), aminophylline, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP), and acetylcholine (ACh) were studied with continuous measurements of the potential difference. Tissue resistance and generated current were calculated. RESULTS: ACh induced secretion in the whole of duodenum, although the secretory response was augmented distally. PGE2 and cAMP induced significant secretion only in the distal duodenum. CONCLUSIONS: The ACh-induced, calcium-mediated, electrogenic secretion was expressed along the whole duodenum, whereas the cAMP-mediated secretion was only seen in the distal part. The fully expressed electrogenic chloride secretion was only seen at or distal to the duodenojejunal flexure. Our study shows that it is important to carefully define the localization of physiologic studies performed in the duodenum.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

Effects of calcium salts of fatty acids and protein source on ruminal fermentation and nutrient flow to duodenum of cows.

Four Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square to investigate the effects of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (fat) and source of protein (fish meal or soybean meal) on ruminal fermentation, flow of nutrients to the small intestine, and animal performance. Cows were fed for ad libitum intake a diet of 30% alfalfa haylage, 20% corn silage, and 50% concentrate on a DM basis. Treatments, arranged in a 2 x 2 (fat x protein) factorial, were 1) soybean meal, no fat; 2) soybean meal, fat; 3) fish meal, no fat; and 4) fish meal, fat. Intake of DM was not affected by fat or protein source, but feeding fat decreased the amount of OM truly digested in the rumen. Starch intake was decreased, but flow of starch to the duodenum was not altered by feeding fat. Nonammonia N and microbial N flows to the duodenum were not affected by treatment comparisons. However, efficiency of microbial growth was increased by feeding fat, but not by source of protein. Passage of amino acids to the duodenum was not affected by source of protein, probably because fish meal contributed only 17% of the total dietary CP, and microbial N constituted about 50% of the NAN passing to the duodenum; this had an equalizing effect on the pattern and quantity of amino acids that passed to the duodenum. Feeding fat or different sources of protein did not alter milk production. Milk fat percentage was increased, and protein percentage was decreased when fat was fed, but yields of milk fat and protein were not different.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1999

Developmental induction and villus-crypt distribution of retinol esterifying enzyme activities in chick duodenum.

Retinol absorbed and generated from dietary beta-carotene can be esterified by retinol esterifying enzyme(s) in intestinal absorptive cells. In this study, we observed the developmental changes and villus-crypt distribution of the activities of two retinol esterifying enzymes (lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT); and acyl-CoA-retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in chick duodenum) to seek the possibility that these enzymes play distinct roles in retinol absorption and metabolism. Intestinal LRAT activity was barely expressed in embryonic stages until 2-3 d before hatching, when its activity becomes detectable; thereafter it abruptly increased to the maximal level at the third day of the posthatch period. In contrast, ARAT activity was present in the duodenum at the earliest stage examined, the 15th day of embryogenesis, and was elevated to the maximal level 3-4 d after hatching. An assay of LRAT and ARAT activities along the villus-crypt axis of the duodenum by a cryostat sectioning technique revealed that between the day of hatching and 1 d posthatch, an abrupt induction of LRAT activity occurred only in the villus region of the duodenum, where a coordinated induction of cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII), was observed. In contrast, the rise in ARAT activity observed around the hatching period occurred at the broader portions of the villi including the area of villus-crypt junction. These observations in the developmental changes and distribution of LRAT and ARAT activities suggest that LRAT activity but not ARAT activity is closely related to the induction of CRBPII in the duodenum of developing chicks.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Practical guidelines for the preservation of the pancreaticoduodenal arteries during duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas: clinical experience and a study using resected specimens from pancreaticoduodenectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to create a practical guideline for vascular preservation during duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas. METHODOLOGY: We examined the anatomy of pancreaticoduodenal arteries by specimen angiography and dissection using 12 pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens. We also reviewed our experiences with duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas. RESULTS: In the specimens, the posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery and its duodenal branches were easily separated from the posterior surface of the pancreas, and its papillary branch was identified in two-thirds of the cases. It was difficult to dissect the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries from the pancreas because they were partially buried in the pancreatic parenchyma. The anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery located in the posterior and inferior surface of the pancreas could be safely dissected in two-thirds of the cases. Duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas was performed in 7 patients. In every case, the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery was sacrificed and the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery was preserved. In 3 cases, the entire posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery was preserved and in 4 cases a short segment of the posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery was removed accidentally. The pancreatic head was totally removed and the intrapancreatic common bile duct was preserved. There were 3 postoperative complications, pancreatic leakage, intraabdominal fluid collection and bile duct stricture. They improved with conservative management. CONCLUSIONS: To safely perform duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas, preservation of the whole posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery and anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is recommended because they can be safely dissected from the pancreas, and the posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery provides the major blood supply to the papilla and distal bile duct. However, removal of a short segment of posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery does not preclude a good blood supply to the duodenum because of bidirectional blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effects of 13-nle-motilin on the electrical and mechanical activity of the isolated perfused canine stomach and duodenum.

Synthetic 13-norleucine-motilin (13-nle-motilin), structural and biological analogue of the naturally-occurring duodenal polypeptide, motilin, is known to stimulate antral and duodenal motor activity in vitro, but delays gastric emptying in man. In this study the direct actions of the synthetic polypeptide on myoelectrical activity and intraluminal pressure have been studied in the isolated vascular-perfused canine stomach and duodenum. 13-nle-motilin increased intraluminal pressure in the pylorus and duodenum, and dose-response analysis showed the duodenum to be twice as sensitive as the pylorus to the polypeptide. Pressure changes in the antrum were small and not dose-related, but, whereas the basic electrical rhythm in the duodenum was not altered, slow wave frequency, rhythm, and propagation in the antrum were disturbed. Electronic analysis of the duodenal spike increase which accompanied pressure rises demonstrated correlations between increases in spikes, intraluminal pressure, and dose. These results show that the direct effect of the polypeptide on adjacent organs may explain the combination of increased motor activity with delayed gastric emptying as a consequence of disturbance in the co-ordination between antrum, pylorus, and duodenum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preservation of arterial arcades during duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection for intraductal papillary tumor.

Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection with preservation of the bile duct or without, has been performed in cases of benign or low-grade malignancies, such as intraductal papillary tumors, of the head of the pancreas. However, the selection of the patients, the area of resection in the head of the pancreas, and the operative procedures for the preservation of the pancreaticoduodenal vessels has not been realized among surgeons to apply duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection as a radical treatment of intraductal papillary tumors. In our experience, duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection can be applied in the majority of the patients with the branch type of intraductal papillary tumors, and it is necessary to resect completely the head of the pancreas to avoid tumor remnant and pancreatic fistula from the remaining pancreatic rim. Therefore, we modified it to include a total resection of the pancreatic head and the preservation of both anterior and posterior arterial arcades, due to the multiformity of the location of the tumor, the variation of the branch duct in the head of the pancreas, the closure of the minor papilla in some patients, and the unbalanced development of the arterial arcades of the pancreaticoduodenal region. We performed a duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection with preservation of the bile duct and the both anterior- and posterior-arterial arcades for 6 patients with the normal gland involving intraductal papillary tumors. The blood flow in this organ was based on the blood supply from both preserved arterial arcades, and the duodenum had retained good color, and the postoperative results were satisfactory.

Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal↗
PubMed1992

[Protective effect of ranitidine in the stomach and duodenum against piroxicam. An endoscopy controlled double-blind study].

Protective Effects of Ranitidine in Stomach and Duodenum against Piroxicam / An endoscopically controlled double-blind study In a randomized parallel double-blind study the gastroduodenal effects of 20 mg piroxicam (CAS 36322-90-4) daily in the presence and absence of 300 mg ranitidine nocte was evaluated in 28 healthy volunteers undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Drugs were taken over a period of 14 days. Endoscopic controls were performed at entry, and repeated after 7 and 14 days of treatment. A damaging score according to Lanza et al. was used. At entry, both groups displayed comparable mucosal damages in the stomach (0.9 +/- 0.1) and in the duodenum (0.4 +/- 0.2). After 14 days the mean lesion score increased in the piroxicam/placebo group to 6.3 +/- 1.6 in the stomach and to 4.0 +/- 1.4 in the duodenum. The corresponding values in the piroxicam/ranitidine group were 3.4 +/- 1.0 (stomach) and 0.4 +/- 0.2 (duodenum). This protection afforded by ranitidine was significant when compared with placebo (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that 300 mg ranitidine at night markedly protect the stomach and the duodenum against piroxicam.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Fixation anomaly of the duodenum. Apropos of 4 cases].

"Z"--shaped duodenum and "roller - coaster" duodenum are synonyms for malfixation of the duodenum. This rare malformation has been described recently. We report 4 cases (ages 3 months-9 years) with: --intermittent abdominal pain; --bilious vomiting; --failure to thrive. Radiologic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract revealed a malformation of the distal duodenum (D2-D3) which presented a "Z" or "M" form and under fluoroscopy, this portion was very mobile, causing intermittent obstruction when it became kinked. All attempts of medical management have failed. At surgery, all the bands were cut, giving the duodenum a normal shape. The symptoms disappeared after surgery. Follow-up between 4 months and 3 years showed the patients were completely asymptomatic.

Child↗