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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Emergency management of drug overdose.

Successful management of patients presenting after intentional, accidental, acute or chronic overdose depends on prompt identification of drugs ingested, an organized approach of care that centers around stabilization, patient assessment, gastric evacuation, GI/systemic elimination, patient education and psychiatric evaluation.

Charcoal↗
PubMed2004

Severe rhabdomyolysis due to drug overdose.

A case of a young girl is described who presented in a state of intoxication and later developed acute renal failure secondary to severe rhabdomyolysis. With vigorous fluid therapy she regained normal renal function. Biochemical testing finally confirmed over the counter drug overdose as the cause for this presentation.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2003

[ECG disturbances as a consequence of cardiac drugs overdose].

For many years ECG disturbances caused by cardiologic drugs are in the spot of our interests. In the Poisoning Centers patients who ingested large amounts of these drugs are treated so there are possibilities to investigate such kind of ECG changes. For the demonstration we present ECG-s illustrating disturbances in the course of intoxication with calcium channel blockers, beta antagonists and digoxin.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Reliability of the toxic screen in drug overdose.

To determine the reliability of the laboratory in detecting drugs taken by overdosed patients, we evaluated laboratory performance on an unbiased sample of actual clinical specimens. Replicate serum and urine samples from a series of 20 consecutive clinically overdosed patients were sent to three commercial laboratories and one academic research laboratory for identification and quantification of intoxicating agents. All laboratories used the advance analytical techniques of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results suggest that laboratories do not reliably identify drugs in the serum of overdosed patients, partly because of technical limitation, partly because of laboratory error, and possibly because of inadequate specimens. Drugs judged responsible for the overdose were identified in only 50% to 70% of the cases, depending on the laboratory. Reported concentrations sometimes varied over a 10-fold range.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Deaths by unintentional illicit drug overdose in Italy, 1984-2000.

AIM: To determine whether there has been an increase in deaths by overdose in Italy, as elsewhere in the Western world, over the past fifteen years. METHOD: This study's conclusions are based on analysis of official data on overdose deaths attributed to illicit drug addiction and abuse (ICD-9 codes 304 and 305) from 1984 to 2000, drawn from two archives of drug abuse information: the Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga (DADE) of the Italian Ministry of the Interior (1984-2000), and the Health Statistics held at the Italian Central Statistics Institute (ISTAT) (1984-1997). Mortality rates have been calculated for both genders in the following age groups: 15-24, 25-34, and 35-44 years. RESULTS: Official data indicate that there has been a steady increase in the number of deaths by overdose in Italy over recent 15 years. This trend has affected both genders, but is more evident among males. Over the whole period females had consistently lower overdose rates than males. In both genders the age group 35-44 was subject to the highest mortality rate increase over the study period, however, the highest overdose rates for both males and females were observed in the 25-34 age group. Consistently higher rates were witnessed in the northern regions of Italy with an overall increase across all latitudes. However, the greatest increase over the study period occurred in the South. In 5190 cases evaluated by the Italian Forensic Toxicology Group, 95.9% of deaths were attributed to heroin, but in about half of these, mixtures of three or more substances (heroin, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, methadone) were found in the deceased at doses that were likely to have contributed to death. CONCLUSIONS: The increase observed in the rates of death by overdose is likely to be a reflection of increased use of illicit drugs in the general population. Reporting practice by forensic pathologists might explain the extent of attribution of cause of death to heroin. Drop-out from addiction treatment is a commonly observed antecedent of fatal opioid overdose, therefore, caution is required when establishing treatment protocol for patients. Interventions that aim specifically at improving patient compliance with medical and psychiatric therapies should be favoured.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Pharmaceutical drug overdose case reports. From the world literature.

All pharmaceutical drugs have the potential to be misused or wrongly administered, which can result in toxic amounts of drug being ingested. To help you keep up-to-date with the latest data on outcomes and management of overdoses, both accidental and intentional, we have selected the following case reports recently published in the world's medical literature and summarised in Reactions Weekly. Any claim of first report has been verified by a search of the Adisbase (a proprietary database of Adis International) and Medline. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) Adverse Drug Reaction database is also searched. This database, maintained by the Uppsala Monitoring Centre in Sweden, is the largest and most comprehensive adverse drug reaction source in the world, with information obtained from the National Centres of over 70 affiliate countries. Each case report is assessed for seriousness using the FDA MedWatch definition for a serious event.

Drug Overdose↗
PubMed2001

Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital during certain enhanced elimination modalities to evaluate their clinical efficacy in management of drug overdose.

This work was performed to study the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital during renal clearance enhancement, intestinal clearance enhancement, and a combination of both to determine which method is clinically more effective in the management of drug poisoning. Thirty young patients with phenobarbital overdose were enrolled in the study. They were classified according to the method of treatment to enhance the elimination of phenobarbital into three equal groups: those treated with multiple-dose activated charcoal (MDAC) alone; those treated with urinary alkalinization alone; and those treated with a combination of the two methods. All patients received the required supportive care at the same time as the elimination procedures. Plasma phenobarbital levels were determined on admission and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 hours after admission by the enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique. The results showed that the decrease in plasma phenobarbital levels with MDAC was significantly greater than with either urinary alkalinization or the combined use of both. The results also revealed statistically significant greater total body clearance for phenobarbital and consequently a shorter half-life with MDAC treatment versus either urinary alkalinization alone or the combined use of both. Thus, the authors conclude that the management of drug overdose in the case of weak acidic drugs that have small volumes of distribution should include the sole use of MDAC and supportive care, without urinary alkalinization.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Pharmaceutical drug overdose case reports. From the World Literature.

All pharmaceutical drugs have the potential to be misused or wrongly administered, which can result in toxic amounts of drug being ingested. To help you keep up-to-date with the latest data on outcomes and management of overdoses, both accidental and intentional, we have selected the following case reports recently published in the international medical literature and summarised in Reactions Weekly. Any claim of first report has been verified by a search of the Adisbase (a proprietary database of Adis International) and Medline. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) Adverse Drug Reaction database is also searched. This database, maintained by the Uppsala Monitoring Centre in Sweden, is the largest and most comprehensive adverse drug reaction source in the world, with information obtained from the National Centres of over 70 affiliate countries.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1994

Respiratory failure as a result of drugs, overdoses, and poisonings.

When taking care of critically ill patients, it is paramount to consider all factors that could be contributing to their illness. Even in this brief discussion, it is clear that numerous drugs, procedures, and ingestants are associated with acute respiratory failure from a variety of mechanisms and that a review of all possible drug/poison exposures needs to be done for every patient.

Drug Overdose↗