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PubMed1984

Infinite sets and double binds.

There have been many attempts to bring psychoanalytical theory up to date. This paper approaches the problem by discussing the work of Gregory Bateson and Ignacio Matte-Blanco, with particular reference to the use made by these authors of Russell's theory of logical types. Bateson's theory of the double bind and Matte-Blanco's bilogic are both based on concepts of logical typing. It is argued that the two theories can be linked by the idea that neurotic symptoms are based on category errors in thinking. Clinical material is presented from the analysis of a middle-aged woman. The intention is to demonstrate that the process of making interpretations can be thought of as revealing errors in thinking. Changes in the patient's inner world are then seen to be the result of clarifying childhood experiences based on category errors. Matte-Blanco's theory of bilogic and infinite experiences is a re-evaluation of the place of the primary process in mental life. It is suggested that a combination of bilogic and double bind theory provides a possibility of reformulating psychoanalytical theory.

Double Bind Interaction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychotherapy of the family as a measure for preventing relapses and improving the prognosis in schizophrenic patients.

The increasing interest in the relationship among psychoanalysis, linguistics and higher nervous activity (neurodynamic) is recalled. As most of the works on the therapy of the family have been based upon psychodynamic interpretations, the authors shall try to speculate on how much room this field should be given in the phenomena related to higher nervous activity. The study of Pavlov, Gantt and others on biological and social factors influencing human behaviour have been discussed in relation to the system represented by the family nucleus. Some aspects have been taken in consideration like the double bind, the perverse triangle and the formation of a scapegoat. Double bind theory and praxis is representing a paradoxical situation similar to unavoidable conditioned patterns. The behaviour of the "designed patient" may be interpreted as a tentative escape to express his disagreement to the fixed situation. What happens is a kind of abnormal conditioning which is realized through a progressive stratification of discordant learning. The final result is the disorganisation of cognitive processes. In the meantime, we observe a discordance of the activity of the first and the second signaling system because, very often, an apparent external calm is accompanied by intense cardiovascular or visceral turmoil. Every kind of communication should take care of both processes, the congnitive and the neurodynamic. The analysis of the verbal, as well as the non-verbal communication in the family setting, may be fruitfully based upon the study of the progressive significance of the cognitive-emotional dissyntony, as well as the dissyntony between the 1st and the 2nd S.S., and the transactional dissyntony implicit in the double bind. A group of 25 families of schizophrenics followed by one up to five years has been examined following the concepts above mentioned.

Double Bind Interaction↗
PubMed1994

[Paradoxical interventions: explanation and categorization].

Paradoxical interventions are of major importance for the systemic family therapy. Because paradoxical interventions are widely used and more than 40 symptoms are treated by them explanations and categorizations of the different paradoxical interventions seem to be useful. The double bind hypothesis, but more the selection of specific paradoxical interventions dependent on certain client characteristics like reactance and perceived freedom of target behavior could lead to differential therapeutic effects and improved efficacy of paradoxical interventions. The explanation by decontextualization could facilitate the integration of paradoxical interventions into the mainstream of psychotherapy. To find out whether single paradoxical interventions can be integrated in broader theoretical frameworks or not, further discussions are necessary.

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PubMed1993

Boundary issues. What do they mean for family physicians?

Clear boundaries between physicians and patients help prevent abusive behaviour. Enforced boundaries help physicians fulfil their legal, ethical, and professional tasks. We review common elements in boundary violations: role reversal, secrecy, double binds, and indulgence of professional privilege. We also outline the legal and licensing issues of boundary violations and offer examples of nine boundaries.

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