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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Sulfur dioxide and tracheobronchial clearance in man.

Tracheobronchial clearance was measured in nine healthy, nonsmoking adults. Technetium Tc 99m albumin aerosol (mass median diameter, 3 mu; geometric standard deviation, 1.6) was inhaled as a bolus under controlled conditions to achieve reproducible deposition in large airways. Each subject was studied in three seperate three-hour experiments: twice under control conditions and once exposed to 5 ppm sulfur dioxide (pollutant exposure after aerosol inhalation). Lung retention of activity was measured using a gamma camera interfaced to a data storage and retrieval system. The study showed that (1) Both deposition and clearance were highly reproducible in individuals in repeat control studies. (2) Acute exposure to 5 ppm sulfur dioxide had no significant effect (P greater than .05) on mucocillary clearance in resting healthy subjects, except perhaps for a small transient change (P=.05) after one hour. (3) Pulmonary function tests showed a decrease in maximal midexpiratory flow (P less than .01) but no other significant changes.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Battlefield Medical Information System-Tactical (BMIST): the application of mobile computing technologies to support health surveillance in the Department of Defense.

This paper discusses the innovation process of the Battlefield Medical Information System- Tactical (BMIST), a point-of-care mobile computing solution for reducing medical errors and improving the quality of care provided to our military personnel in the field. In such remote environments, medical providers have traditionally had limited access to medical information, a situation quite analogous to that in remote areas of underdeveloped or developing countries. BMIST provides an all-in-one suite of mobile applications that empowers providers via access to critical medical information and powerful clinical decision support tools to accurately create an electronic health record (EHR). This record is synchronized with Department of Defense (DOD) joint health surveillance and medical information systems from the earliest echelons of care through chronic care provided by the Veterans Administration. Specific goals met in the initial phase were: integration of the PDA and wireless interface; development of the local application and user interface; development of a communications infrastructure and development of a data storage and retrieval system. The system had been used extensively in the field to create an EHR far forward that supports a longitudinal medical record across time and across all elements of the Military Healthcare System.

Computers, Handheld↗
PubMed2006

Histological evaluation of the human testis--approaches to optimizing the clinical value of the assessment: mini review.

Testicular biopsy is a crucial assessment in reproductive practice with diagnostic and prognostic importance for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and risk of testicular neoplasia. Endocrine and genetic tests cannot reliably distinguish obstructive azoospermia (OA) from non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) or predict recovery of mature spermatids by testicular sperm extraction (TESE). Currently, divergent histological reporting systems and the use of imprecise terminology seriously degrade the value of the literature on TESE recovery rates and hamper evaluation of treatments and research on genotype-phenotype relationships. The rising incidence of testis cancer and carcinoma in situ (CIS), especially in infertile populations, requires that every effort be made for its early detection. We provide a systematic approach to the histological classification of spermatogenic disorders and detection of CIS in adult patients. We evaluate a large consecutive series of bilateral biopsies from infertile men and report (i) the frequency of bilateral or discordant patterns that supports the use of bilateral biopsy for comprehensive evaluation and (ii) a high prevalence of mixed patterns, particularly within the hypospermatogenesis classification, that helps account for reported success of TESE. We propose a new diagnosis code for testicular biopsies that addresses the needs of ART clinicians and allows data storage and retrieval of value in clinical practice and research.

Azoospermia↗
PubMed1994

Development of a computer workstation for famine early warning and food security.

Beginning in 1990, the University of Arizona, Arizona Remote Sensing Center (ARSC) has been involved in a collaborative effort with the Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS) and the Remote Sensing Center of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in designing and developing an integrated computer workstation for famine early warning. The goal of the project is to provide food security analysts with a set of computer tools to manage a very large and diverse set of data for predicting the onset of food security emergencies for every country on Earth. The initial stage of the project involved the conceptual definition of system elements and the development of overall system architecture. We are now developing an open, flexible, and portable system designed to significantly assist the work of the analysts. System architecture provides a task-specific and user-friendly graphic user interface (GUI) within a Windows environment that will link image processing, geographic information system (GIS), spreadsheet, text, and graphics software packages into a single operational environment. A relational database management system (RDBMS) is serving as the back-end of the workstation to facilitate data storage and retrieval and as a means to preserve analysis methodologies.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1983

The role of data organization in the evaluation of toxicology studies in drug application.

One goal of the FDA's ongoing New Drug Regulations rewrite project is to facilitate and expedite drug application review. We believe that this can be aided by improved and consistent organization of the submissions. Therefore, guidelines are being developed to assist applicants in preparing well-structured summaries and full report sections. The proposed format guideline for toxicology and related studies is not intended to increase the amount of documentation beyond what is already required by the GLP regulations, but rather to provide some principles for orderly and coherent submission to aid comparative review of various types of data within and between studies. Certain of these principles may also be applicable to submission of data during the IND. The computer's role as an important, even essential, adjunct to this process is clearly evident. However, it is particular important that data automation be flexible enough to recognize and reconcile the differing perspectives of data collection and storage, and data retrieval and organization to benefit scientific evaluation of a drug application. Examples of recurring problems in the submission of computerized toxicology data are presented to illustrate their frustrating or confounding effect on the scientific evaluation of drug applications.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

An on-line electronic portal imaging system for external beam radiotherapy.

A digital imaging system has been constructed to obtain the treatment portal image of a patient during external beam radiotherapy. A DEC LSI-11/23 microcomputer controls a stepper motor, which moves a linear array of 256 silicon diodes to scan the radiation transmitted through the patient. The computer also processes the collected data to generate an image for displaying on a video monitor. The quality of the digital image is comparable to that of the conventional verification radiographs. Major advantages of the system include the speed and simplicity in data storage and retrieval and in its capability of direct comparison with simulation radiographs.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

A study of results generated using the Abbott LCx-GC assay fails to reveal a performance-based rationale for the 2002 level 1 recall.

To establish the effect of a quality control failure on the performance of the LCx-GC nucleic-acid amplification assay for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) in the field, we conducted a retrospective analysis comparing the clinical and analytic performance of the recalled lots with those not implicated in the recall. Our analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between recalled lots (n = 8,686 tests) and nonrecalled lots (n = 8,699 tests) with respect to multiple parameters of assay performance, including frequency distribution of patient results (P = .575), prevalence of indeterminate results (P = .245), mean positive control signals (P = .26), and within-run calibrator precision (P = .68). The LCx-GC system's lack of an electronic data storage and retrieval capability prevented assessment of the impact of the quality control failure on the clinical performance of recalled lots, such as the one described herein, from being conducted in real time.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Accurate and systematic numerical recording system for the identification of various types of lip and maxillary clefts (RPL system).

Inaccuracies exist in identifying and recording various types of oral cleft. One of the major reasons for this problem is that no efficient or universally accepted recording system presently exists. The RPL system introduced in this article provides an accurate and systematic numerical recording for the identification of various types of lip and maxillary clefts. The simplicity of the system allows quick and efficient data storage and retrieval.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Where does informatics fit in health care organizations?

Why is medical informatics important to health care leaders? As an emerging science, informatics focuses on applying computing and communication technology to decision making for clinicians and managers. It enhances the understanding of how information and communication systems can impact the work health care managers must accomplish. As the cost of technology for digital information management continues to decline, organizations and individuals will look for ways to offset the human costs of managing and conveying information. The way of the paper medical record is being replaced by the less expensive and more efficient digital information systems. Leaders of health care organizations need to look for every opportunity to deploy networks and computers to reduce the labor costs of data collection, storage, retrieval, and analysis.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2002

Transcriptome analysis and related databases of Lactococcus lactis.

Several complete genome sequences of Lactococcus lactis and their annotations will become available in the near future, next to the already published genome sequence of L. lactis ssp. lactis IL 1403. This will allow intraspecies comparative genomics studies as well as functional genomics studies aimed at a better understanding of physiological processes and regulatory networks operating in lactococci. This paper describes the initial set-up of a DNA-microarray facility in our group, to enable transcriptome analysis of various Gram-positive bacteria, including a ssp. lactis and a ssp. cremoris strain of Lactococcus lactis. Moreover a global description will be given of the hardware and software requirements for such a set-up, highlighting the crucial integration of relevant bioinformatics tools and methods. This includes the development of MolGenIS, an information system for transcriptome data storage and retrieval, and LactococCye, a metabolic pathway/genome database of Lactococcus lactis.

Databases, Nucleic Acid↗
PubMed2004

Quality control and automation in cervical cytology.

Pap smear is a clinical screening test and does not have 100% sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity of pap smear can be improved with proper collection techniques and education of all concerned. Implementation and maintenance of quality control measures help to detect, reduce and correct deficiencies in pap smear analysis. Advent of automated devices has provided an opportunity to further improve the sensitivity of pap smear. Automation in cytology, seemed wildly speculative a decade ago, is becoming a reality now. Areas of automation include: Data storage and retrieval by computers, automatic staining and coverslipping machines, sample preparation methods, screening process control-devices and imaging systems for searching and interpretation of abnormal cells.

Automation↗
PubMed2005

CNS Internet tools and neurosurgery.

The CNS has developed a collection of online tools for the benefit of the public and the neurosurgical community. The CNS website, CNS PA, and SANS Wired all facilitate information access, communication, and education. Each of these applications takes advantage of the power of the Internet as a high-speed, asynchronous digital data storage and retrieval system. The CNS has designed and compiled these features with the objective of making these tools an easily accessible and integral part of neurosurgical education and practice.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed2005

Design considerations for a web-based database system of ELISpot assay in immunological research.

The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay has been a primary means in immunological researches (such as HIV-specific T cell response). Due to huge amount of data involved in ELISpot assay testing, the database system is needed for efficient data entry, easy retrieval, secure storage, and convenient data process. Besides, the NIH has recently issued a policy to promote the sharing of research data (see http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing). The Web-based database system will be definitely benefit to data sharing among broad research communities. Here are some considerations for a database system of ELISpot assay (DBSEA).

Access to Information↗
PubMed2006

Development of standardized Midwifery Nursing Reproductive Health Data Set (MN-RHDs) for Pakistan.

UNLABELLED: Pakistan has a marked discrepancy between reported and unreported maternal mortality, morbidity and reproductive health figures. Pakistan's figures are listed in the "E" category by the World Health Organization meaning there is no official means of data collection and reporting. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop the standardized "Midwifery Nursing Reproductive Health Data Set (MN-RHDS)" to provide systematic information about Pakistan's maternal mortality, morbidity, reproductive health, midwifery practices, and patient outcomes. METHOD: The descriptive data elements and definitions were generated and validated through Delphi survey and consensus conference of 25 experts. DATA COLLECTION: The experts rated each element on necessity, clarity of definition, and collectability. FINDINGS: Elements were categorized as follows: 1) Antenatal, 2) Labor and Delivery, 3) Postnatal, 4) Demographics, 5) Service Data, 6) Maternal Death, 7) Referral, and 8) Maternal Status. Elements related to task work compared to psychosocial nursing care achieved higher means with lower standard deviation. CONCLUSIONS: The MN-RHDS impacts data collection, storage, retrieval, and linkage of standardized information about reproduction interventions and outcomes in developing nations.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Computer-assisted drug information].

Experience with a university hospital based drug information service (DIS) is reported. A total of 501 drug related questions were analyzed during two prospective evaluation periods of 13 and 14 months' duration respectively. Information was requested by physicians and pharmacists chiefly on practical aspects of drug treatment in individual patients (77%), such as drug choice, dosage adaptation, side effects and interactions. Inquiries on drug safety in pregnancy and lactation (8.8%), and questions on pharmaceutical properties (14.2%), including pharmacokinetics, were also frequent. Our experience indicates that a problem-oriented, comprehensive DIS necessitates close cooperation between physicians trained in clinical pharmacology and pharmacists within the same team. The use of electronic media greatly facilitates the collection of drug related information, data retrieval and storage. Drug information services can contribute to improved quality and safety of drug therapy.

Computers↗
PubMed1990

Improving the record of patient assessment in the trauma room.

To facilitate clinical research at the Regional Trauma Unit at Sunnybrook Medical Centre in Toronto, it was decided to attempt to improve the quality and quantity of clinical patient information obtained at initial assessment in the Trauma Room. Standardized patient forms were introduced to replace the narrative record, including forms for the Trauma Team Leader, Anesthesia, General Surgery, Neurosurgery, Orthopedic Surgery, and Plastic Surgery. These forms were evaluated in this study which compared 100 charts generated before introduction of the forms to 100 charts generated following the implementation of the forms, with respect to certain items of patient demography and clinical condition. There was a statistically significant improvement in amount of information collected and in a format which facilitates data storage and retrieval. This, in turn, establishes an excellent standardized database for clinical trials in trauma care.

Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems↗