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PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of DSM-IV personality disorder criteria as assessed by the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV personality disorders.

The primary objective of this research was to investigate the psychometric and diagnostic efficiency properties of DSM-IV personality disorder (PD) criteria as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Logistic regression analyses were also employed to identify discriminating and nondiscriminating diagnostic criteria within specific PD categories. Results based on a community sample of 149 psychotropic medication-free persons, 58% of whom had at least one PD as determined from the SCID-II, suggest problems with the assessment and/or conceptualization of some PD categories, most notably obsessive-compulsive PD. For many PD concepts, diagnostic criteria were identified that either detracted from the overall internal consistency and diagnostic efficiency of their associated PD criteria set or failed to uniquely discriminate individuals with specific PDs from those without. Most of these findings cannot be clearly attributed to limitations associated with the method used to assess PD criteria.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Diagnostic utility of DSM-IV-TR symptoms in the prediction of DSM-IV-TR ADHD subtypes and ODD.

OBJECTIVE: Examined the diagnostic utility of DSM-IV-TR symptoms in the prediction of DSM-IV-TR ADHD subtypes and ODD to: (a) Assess the relative utility of parent and teacher ratings, and (b) Examine the utility of individual symptoms as inclusion and exclusion criteria. METHOD: Parent and teacher versions of the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale were completed for 440 children (217 boys; 223 girls) ranging in age from 9 to 13 years and were used to classify children into groups. Individual symptoms were used to compute corrected conditional probability statistics. RESULTS: Corrected positive predictive power (cPPP) statistics indicated that parent and teacher ratings had similar diagnostic utility in the prediction of the presence of ADHD, Inattentive Type and ADHD, Hyperactive/Impulsive Type, and that their combination did not provide incremental utility over either informant alone. However, cPPP statistics for ADHD, Combined Type, and ODD indicated that teacher ratings, and the use of combined parent and teacher ratings, provided an advantage over parent ratings alone. Results support the use of a multi-method, multi-informant assessment approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of DSM-III-R symptoms for alcohol dependence between patient self-report and clinician interview or the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R.

This study sought to determine which Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R), symptoms of alcohol dependence were most sensitive to under-reporting by 78 inpatients from alcohol treatment programs. We hypothesized that patients would be more reluctant to report social/behavioral symptoms (lost time, hazardous behavior or major role interference, and reduced activities) than psychological or physiological symptoms. Patient endorsement of symptoms on a self-administered diagnostic questionnaire was compared with parallel items on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) and clinician interview. Bias and Prevalence Adjusted Kappas for individual symptom agreement ranged from -.02 to .87. Subjects endorsed fewer symptoms per category than either the SCID or clinician interview. Using a Student-Newman-Kuels post-hoc analysis at the p < .05 level, we found that mean agreement for the social/behavioral category was significantly lower than mean agreement for the other categories.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

An expert system for psychiatric diagnosis using the DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and ICD-10 classifications.

Making a systematic and comprehensive psychiatric evaluation of mental disorders in a patient can be a rather complex and involving process. We describe an expert system, MILP, which is designed to produce such systematic diagnoses of mental disorders using selected categories from the classification and diagnostic guidelines published in DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and ICD-10. An innovative part of the MILP design is the incorporation of constraint-based reasoning as a key part of the system. We believe that the MILR design gives a flexible framework which is suitable in general for the automated diagnoses of large classes of mental disorders.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1987

Reliability of DSM-III diagnoses for major depression and generalized anxiety disorder using the structured clinical interview for DSM-III.

This study examined the interrater reliability of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnoses derived from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID). Using videotaped interviews, paired raters made independent diagnoses of 75 psychiatric outpatients. The percent agreement of the raters was 82% for MDD and 86% for GAD; the respective kappa values were .72 and .79. The results indicated that the SCID can be employed reliably to differentiate MDD from GAD. The SCID is recommended for further research with these disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anxiety disorders in a French general psychiatric outpatient sample. Comparison between DSM-III and DSM-IIIR criteria.

In a general psychiatric outpatient sample (n = 1271) gathered through a cross-national French survey, anxiety and somatoform syndromes were assessed according to DSM-III and DMS-III-revised criteria. Lifetime and one-month prevalence rates in this population are provided and the high level of comorbidity between the anxiety syndromes is noted. The patient symptom profiles for panic syndrome, simple attacks, agoraphobia and generalized anxiety are displayed. The conspicuous consequences of the modifications brought in by the Revision-anticipatory anxiety in panic syndrome, and restricted period criteria for generalized anxiety- are discussed, with the conclusion that more field study assessment is required before further revision.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1996

A century of controversy surrounding posttraumatic stress stress-spectrum syndromes: the impact on DSM-III and DSM-IV.

The authors describe historical clinical reports that preceded the development of criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and influenced the formation of PTSD in DSM-IV. These reports were identified from extensive search of 19th- and 20th-century American and European medical literature. Relevant findings from the most representative reports are described and discussed. Since the mid-19th century, clinical syndromes resembling PTSD have been described. However, understanding of PTSD has been complicated by questions of nomenclature, etiology, and compensation. Nomenclature placed PTSD syndromes under existing psychiatric disorders: traumatic hysteria, traumatic neurasthenia, or traumatic neurosis. Etiological issues have been concerned often solely with organic factors, pre-existing personality impairments, intrapsychiatric conflicts, and social factors. Only after World War II and the concentration camp experiences did the role of severe trauma in PTSD become recognized. Even though controversy remains, much progress in understanding PTSD has been made.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMed1996

The relationship between DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and DSM-IV major depression: examination of the primary-secondary distinction in a general population sample.

This study examined the primary-secondary distinction with respect to DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression in a large representative sample of the USA. Primary, secondary and concurrent depressives (i.e. the comorbid groups), respondents classified with major depression only and respondents classified with alcohol use disorders only were compared on a large number of sociodemographic, alcohol-related, depression-related and drug-related variables. Results were at variance with a majority of findings from the treatment literature with regard to familial aggregation of alcohol use disorders and sociodemographic, alcohol and depression profiles. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of the diagnostic and prognostic significance of the primary-secondary distinction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Co-occurring DSM-IV drug abuse in DSM-IV drug dependence: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

The extent to which dependence occurs with or without abuse is important because of the potential for underestimation and biased estimates of drug dependence in surveys that rely on abuse as a screening method for dependence. The purpose of this paper was to present the prevalence of DSM-IV drug dependence with and without drug abuse in a nationally representative sample, as well as in subgroups defined by sex, age and race/ethnicity. Among all respondents with current drug dependence, 22.0% did not additionally meet criteria for abuse (19.5% among males and 27.8% among females). Current drug dependence without abuse was especially common among females age 45-64 (52.6% of all cases). Among those with lifetime diagnoses of drug dependence, a small proportion overall, 5.0% had no symptoms of abuse, with the highest proportion again found among females aged 45-64 (19.5% of all cases). The use of drug abuse as a screening method for drug dependence in large epidemiologic studies will differentially underestimate the prevalence of dependence by subgroup, affecting many types of research. Dependence with and without abuse may represent heterogeneous phenotypes for genetic and gene-environment research, which should be explored.

Adolescent↗