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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Psychiatric effects of cannabis use.

That cannabis use may provoke mental disturbances is well known to Scandinavian psychiatrists today. A review of the psychiatric aspects of cannabis use is given, and the clinical signs of 70 cases of cannabis psychoses collected in Sweden are described. The bluntness and "amotivation" following chronic cannabis use are discussed. Anxiety reactions, flashbacks, dysphoric reactions and an abstinence syndrome are all sequels of cannabis use. Three risk groups begin to emerge: a) Young teenage cannabis users who lose some of their capacity to learn complex functions and who flee from reality to a world of dreams. With its sedative effect, cannabis could modify such emotions as anger and anxiety and slow down the liberation process of adolescence. b) Heavy daily users, often persons who cannot cope with depression or their life circumstances. c) Psychiatric patients whose resistance to relapses into psychotic reactions might be diminished according to the psychotropic effects of cannabis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Increased proteome coverage for quantitative peptide abundance measurements based upon high performance separations and DREAMS FTICR mass spectrometry.

A primary challenge in proteome measurements is to be able to detect, identify, and quantify the extremely complex mixtures of proteins. The relative abundances of interest span at least six orders of magnitude for mammalian proteomes, and this constitutes an intractable challenge for high throughput proteome studies. We have recently described a new approach, Dynamic Range Enhancement Applied to Mass Spectrometry (DREAMS), which is based upon the selective ejection of the most abundant species to expand the dynamic range of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonanace (FTICR) measurements. The basis of our approach is on-the-fly data-dependent selective ejection of highly abundant species, followed by prolonged accumulation of remaining low-abundance species in a quadrupole external to the FTICR ion trap. Here we report the initial implementation of this approach with high efficiency capillary reverse phase LC separations and high magnetic field electrospray ionization FTICR mass spectrometry for obtaining enhanced coverage in quantitative measurements for mammalian proteomes. We describe the analysis of a sample derived from a tryptic digest of proteins from mouse B16 cells cultured in both natural isotopic abundance and 15N-labeled media. The FTICR mass spectrometric analysis allows the assignment of peptide pairs (corresponding to the two distinctive versions of each peptide), and thus provides the basis for quantiative measurements when one of the two proteomes in the mixture is perturbed or altered in some fashion. We show that implementation of the DREAMS approach allows assignment of approximately 80% more peptide pairs, thus providing quantitative information for approximately 18,000 peptide pairs in a single analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Listening psychoanalytically to the Shoah half a century on.

The author discusses the repercussions of the Nazi genocide of the Jews on descendants of victims and survivors, with particular reference to identifications. A typical vampiric form of identification is discussed, in which the subject is stated to be neither alive nor dead, unborn, in an imageless, timeless and spaceless condition, and imprisoned in an earlier generation's traumas. Analysis of such cases must, the author shows, tackle the genocide-induced fantasies of a vampire complex involving infanticide and parricide in addition to the incestuous and parricidal wishes of the Oedipus complex. These ideas are illustrated by a case history in which the female patient concerned, although born after the Shoah, carried the unrepresentable parental traumas within her to the detriment of her affective and professional life. The patient was effectively linked with her mother in a deadly circulation through communicating vessels, which was repeated in the transference countertransference constellation and resulted in a disavowal of both birth and death, mediated by the genocidal project. The author shows how the analysand was gradually released from this vampiric fusion and became able to reappropriate her secondary narcissistic and oedipal identifications, the resulting triangulation opening the way to sublimation and creativity.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Dreams and psychologic defence in children and juveniles with neurotic disorders].

The examination of 78 patients at different stages of neurotic disorders and 25 healthy individuals (10-17 years old) has shown that the dynamics of dreams at compensatory stage was directed to their intensification, affective and cognitive activation and to reduction of dreams' activity during decompensation of neurotic disorders. This may indicate their role in psychologic defence. In neurotic patients peculiarity of the reaction to stress was the presence of some latent period after stress, that preceded the very reaction of dream to stress, its longer duration than in healthy individuals and its qualitative peculiarity. That may reflect complexity of adaptation to stress influence in neurotic patients.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

Story structure in verbal reports of mental sleep experience after awakening in REM sleep.

Four night reports obtained after awakening in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and their corresponding morning reports were collected from 20 subjects in an experimental night. All of the reports were analyzed using a slightly modified version of Mandler and Johnson's story grammar. Values for a series of indicators were compared with respect to the factors "moment of reporting" (at night/in the morning) and "order of reporting" (first/second/third/fourth report). Story-like organization seems to be a feature of dream production and not merely due to reconstructive effects in recall: values of no indicator significantly differ in night and morning reports. The more extensive thematic progression and the increasing complexity in reports over the first half of the night show that the effectiveness of the system of dream production varies in different periods of REM sleep. These findings, while strengthening the view of a multilevel character of the system of dream production, still generate the problem of the direction of activation (bottom-up or top-down) of this system.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Discussion on the figure-description in the author's case with "acute alcoholic scenic complex hallucination"--against the criticism of HENRY Ey in his "Traité des hallucinations"].

1. The author formerly reported three cases with rare "scenic complex hallucinations" as acute alcoholic response. The patients experienced and stated such scenic hallucinations as incoherent dreams, if they were back to that specific circumstances; emotionally alive (anxiety) and reacted (counterattack, escape, confusion and so on) to that exact memories based on their experiences. 2. Attached is the figure that explains the detail correctly, which has been published in another article (Masuho KONUMA: On the Constitution of the Scenic Complex Hallucination in Acute Hallucinosis, CODEN: HDIZAB 37(3), 469-496, 1989 and so on). 3. HENRY EY criticized in "Traité des hallucinations" that the hallucination is only genuine in subjective experience of the patient and can not be drawn as a picture and that although the details might be described verbally, the image may be changed due to excessive explanation. He concluded that picture shown as FIG. I. is unacceptable. 4. The author has many publications on his own "dream records" and believes that subjective experiences in dreams could be expressed correctly in the form of picture. 5. The pictures show the mechanism of such hallucinations more correctly with the stories of the patients. I believe that these case reports are sufficient to let readers consent the possibilities of the mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The unobjectionable part of the transference.

Even those aspects of transference which initially favor the analytic process and seem to have the least connection with resistance do become integral parts of the transference neurosis and contribute massively to some of the most subtle difficulties in the process, especially in its resolution. These phenomena are, by their very appearance of rationality and cooperation, all the more difficult to bring under analytic scrutiny. They operate as resistances not only to the analysis of preoedipal conflicts, but even more effectively in the case of neurotic disorders centered on inadequate resolution of oedipal conflicts, i.e., in the so-called classical neurosis, "the case of the ideal analytic patient." I suggest, therefore, that the appearance of the "unobjectionable component" be regarded not only as a welcome manifestation of certain conflict-free psychic elements, but also as the manifest resultant of a complex web of unconscious conflicts which must be, and are capable of being, sought for and described. Further, that their analysis may be facilitated by the use of a process analogous to that employed in the analysis of dreams, particularly with respect to secondary revision. Finally, I have emphasized that these aspects of transference, which we are tempted to explain, and in effect dismiss, by reductionist references to early development, be regarded rather as the complex resultant of a prolonged historical experience, and that they be so interpreted.

Consciousness↗
PubMed1997

A brain model with the circuit to convert short-term memory into long-term memory.

Assuming the existence of encoding synapses which record presynaptic axonal 'on-off' patterns as the contents of memory, and the existence of modulating synapses which help encoding synapses develop long-term potentiation and depression so as to convert short-term memory into long-term memory, it is possible to outline a brain model according to neuroanatomy. The loop of memory-conversion consists of the axons connecting the perceptive cortices, mesotemporal lobes, dorsomedial nuclei of thalamus (which also receive axons from septohippocampal complex and, indirectly, fornices), and prefrontal lobes. The contents of thought, feeling, dreaming, hallucination, and delusion all result from activation of different axonal 'on-off' patterns in many sets of synapses, and retrieval of memory, reactivation of the presynaptic axonal 'on-off' patterns in the correlating sets of synapses. In this model, degenerated synapses may be responsible for the thought disorder of schizophrenia.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The devil-priest syndrome.

Men frequently relate to women as either "sanctified" and hence, asexual, or as sexual, and therefore "degraded." A case is presented demonstrating a similar finding in a woman. The uncovering of the "Devil-Priest Syndrome" during psychotherapy is described. Some speculations as to the significance of this finding in the understanding of the psychodynamics of sexuality are included.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

REM-sleep motor disorder in children.

In 1986, Schenck and coworkers described REM-sleep behavior disorder as a treatable parasomnia affecting older males. This disorder is characterized by intermittent loss of the muscle atonia, which normally characterizes the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep state. Complex motor behaviors occur that are often injurious and are associated with dreaming. We have identified five children who meet the criteria for REM-sleep behavior disorder and describe the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of these patients, along with corresponding polysomnographic characteristics of matched comparison subjects.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of a woman's homosexual strivings by a male analyst.

Clinical material is presented describing how analysis of the homosexual aspects of a woman patient's transference to a male analyst unfolded. Comparison and contrast is made to previous case reports and discussions of the impact of the analyst's actual gender on analytic work.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. A treatable parasomnia affecting older adults.

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia defined by intermittent loss of electromyographic atonia during REM sleep with emergence of complex and vigorous behaviors. Punching, kicking, and leaping from bed during attempted dream enactment caused repeated injury in nine of our first ten adult patients. Mean age at onset was 62 years; nine of the patients were male. All patients underwent standard polysomnographic studies with videotaping of behaviors and extensive neurologic and psychiatric evaluations. The RBD was unrelated to psychopathologic conditions but in five cases was closely linked with major neuropathologic disorders: dementia (two), olivopontocerebellar degeneration, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Other common polysomnographic abnormalities were high REM density, increased stage 3/4 (slow-wave) sleep, and both periodic and aperiodic limb twitching in non-REM sleep. Eight patients had dream changes involving motor overactivity and violent confrontations of dream characters. Clonazepam induced rapid and sustained improvement of dream and sleep behavior problems in seven patients, as did desipramine hydrochloride in one patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

The dream as religion of the mind.

Dreams are defined as a religion of the mind in the sense that they can re-ligare--i.e. unite in a complex relationship--the components involved in the construction of the mind and its representation. The paper discusses the processes of splitting and projective identification which are manifested in dreams and appear to be essential for the transformation of emotional experiences, the acquisition of knowledge and mental growth. On the basis of clinical findings, a revision of Freud's theory of dreams is proposed: the concept of an internal world dominated by good and bad parent figures suggests a theological function for dreams connected with a state of necessity. Dreams represent a real experience which, in analysis, becomes a representation of the internal organization in its immediate present. For this reason, work on dreams makes it possible to acquire knowledge of one's internal objects and of their relationship with the Self. The work on the internal world offered by dreams is made possible by the recovery of memory, the agency responsible for a fusion between current reality and that of infancy as reactivated in the transference. Finally, some aspects of the processes active in dreams are discussed, which make them similar to poetic texts.

Dreams↗
PubMed2005

Branching out of single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy: challenges for chemistry and influence on biology.

In the last decade emerging single-molecule fluorescence-spectroscopy tools have been developed and adapted to analyze individual molecules under various conditions. Single-molecule-sensitive optical techniques are now well established and help to increase our understanding of complex problems in different disciplines ranging from materials science to cell biology. Previous dreams, such as the monitoring of the motility and structural changes of single motor proteins in living cells or the detection of single-copy genes and the determination of their distance from polymerase molecules in transcription factories in the nucleus of a living cell, no longer constitute unsolvable problems. In this Review we demonstrate that single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has become an independent discipline capable of solving problems in molecular biology. We outline the challenges and future prospects for optical single-molecule techniques which can be used in combination with smart labeling strategies to yield quantitative three-dimensional information about the dynamic organization of living cells.

Animals↗