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PubMed2005

Dermatoglyphic anomalies and neurocognitive deficits in sibling pairs discordant for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that adverse genetic loading in conjunction with environmental factors early in fetal life causes a disruption of neural development, decades before the symptomatic manifestation of the disease. Neurocognitive deficits have been observed early on the course of schizophrenia, and their association with an early developmental brain lesion has been postulated. Dermatoglyphics have been analyzed in schizophrenia as markers of prenatal brain injury because of their early fetal ontogenesis and susceptibility to the same environmental factors that can also affect cerebral development. The aim of our study was to conduct a comparative examination of neurocognitive functions and dermatoglyphic variables in 89 sibling pairs discordant for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Therefore, we investigated the association between these two markers to explore the prenatal origin of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The affected siblings were significantly impaired on all the cognitive variables assessed (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test and Continuous Performance Test) and had a greater number of dermatoglyphic anomalies. These results suggest the influence of intrauterine environmental factors in the siblings affected with schizophrenia. However, we did not detect a significant association between these two vulnerability markers in the schizophrenic patients, suggesting the role of genetic or late environmental factors in the origin of the neurocognitive deficits found in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Dermatoglyphic anomalies in psychometrically identified schizotypic young adults.

Dermatoglyphic anomalies are hypothesized to indicate disruptions in the second trimester of prenatal development, a time period that appears to be critical in the etiology of schizophrenia. The present study examined the presence of dermatoglyphic anomalies in psychometrically identified schizotypic young adults (n = 51) and control participants (n = 63) selected based upon their scores on the Perceptual Aberration [J. Abnorm. Psychology 87 (1978) 399] and Magical Ideation Scales [J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 51 (1983) 215]. It was hypothesized that schizotypic participants would exhibit higher rates of dermatoglyphic anomalies than control participants. The Perceptual Aberration-Magical Ideation group exhibited lower total and absolute finger ridge counts and less complex pattern types than control participants--findings consistent with anomalies reported in patients with schizophrenia. These findings encourage future examination of these anomalies in individuals at-risk for schizophrenia and related disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Congenital dermatoglyphic malformations in severe bipolar disorder.

Dermatoglyphic alterations may be the result of early prenatal disturbances thought to be implicated in the aetiology of psychiatric illness. In order to test this hypothesis in the particular case of bipolar disorder, we assessed two congenital dermatoglyphic malformations (ridge dissociation (RD) and abnormal features (AF)) and two metric dermatoglyphic traits (total finger ridge count (TFRC) and total a-b ridge count (TABRC)) in a sample of 118 patients with chronic DSM-III-R bipolar illness, and 216 healthy controls. Bipolar cases showed a significant excess of RD and AF (OR = 2.80; 95% CI: 2.31-3.38) when compared with controls. In the cases, the presence of anomalies was associated with earlier age of onset. No differences were found for TFRC and TABRC. No associations were found with sex or familial morbid risk of psychiatric disorders. Our findings add further weight to the suggestion that early developmental disruption is a risk factor for later bipolar disorder.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed2001

Dermatoglyphic fluctuating asymmetry and atypical handedness in schizophrenia.

Atypical handedness and dermatoglyphic abnormalities are hypothesized to reflect a neurodevelopmental disturbance in schizophrenia. Developmental instability, indexed by dermatoglyphic fluctuating asymmetry (FA), reflects the degree to which an individual's ontogenetic program is maintained and provides a useful framework in which to consider atypical handedness in schizophrenia. Thirty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were compared with 37 matched healthy controls on levels of dermatoglyphic FA, a demonstration task determining hand preference and a test of relative hand skill. Multivariate analyses established that patients demonstrated greater FA and more atypical hand skill compared with controls. In patients, but not in controls, there was a strong positive association between a measure of FA and a measure of atypical hand skill, suggesting that these markers of neurodevelopmental disturbance are related in schizophrenia. On a measure of hand preference, patients were more likely than controls to be classified as mixed handed than either right or left handed. Results from the present study support the conjecture of greater developmental instability in schizophrenia affecting neurodevelopmental processes, including those conferring manual dominance.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dermatoglyphics, handedness, sex, and sexual orientation.

Both handedness and dermatoglyphic asymmetry reflect early, prenatal influences and both have been reported to be associated with male sexual orientation; handedness has been related to female sexual orientation as well. Neurohormonal and developmental perturbation are two competing hypothesis that attempt to explain these connections. We attempted to replicate these associations and to extend dermatoglyphic asymmetry findings to women. Dermatoglyphic directional asymmetry and fluctuating asymmetry were unrelated to sexual orientation. Homosexual women, but not homosexual men, had highly significant increases in non-right-handedness compared with same-sex heterosexual controls. Although this pattern of results does not allow resolution of the two competing models, it does lend additional support to a biological basis of sexual orientation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Dermatoglyphics and abnormal palmar flexion creases as markers of early prenatal stress in children with idiopathic intellectual disability.

A number of studies have shown the importance of dermatoglyphics as markers of prenatal disturbance in developmental disorders of unknown origin. Genetic and non-genetic factors are involved in the aetiology of intellectual disability (ID), although the cause remains unknown in up to 50% of cases. The aim of the present study was to analyse dermatoglyphic traits and abnormal palmar flexion creases as markers of environmental prenatal stress in children with idiopathic ID (IID) using a case-control study design. Three dermatoglyphic variables, which have been reported as altered in other congenital disorders, were considered were studied in a sample of 62 children with IID (IQ < 70) and 75 healthy controls (IQ > 70): (1) fingerprint patterns; (2) total a-b ridge count (TABRC); and (3) abnormal palmar flexion creases (APFCs). More arches, the simplest fingerprint pattern, and more radial loops, an unusual pattern, were found in IID cases in comparison to controls (chi23 = 9.26; P = 0.02), with especially marked differences in boys (chi23 = 6.5; P = 0.0008). A significant increase of APFCs was also found in the affected children (chi24 = 28.52; P < 0.00; odds ration = 3.86, 95% confidence interval = 1.77-8.47). For TABRC, the differences between IID cases and controls failed to reach the conventional level of significance. These findings suggest that environmental factors acting early in development, or mechanisms involving an interaction of genotype and environment could be involved in the aetiology of some cases of ID.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dermatoglyphic characterization of Berbers from Morocco: qualitative and quantitative digital and palm data.

BACKGROUND: The demographic impact of the Arabization in the Berber genetic background has been extensively studied by means of different classical and DNA genetic markers. Information from other biological traits as dermatoglyphics could be of interest in order to gain an insight into the relationship between these two North African groups. AIM: The Moroccan Berber population is characterized by means of digital and palm dermatoglyphics to determine the degree of genetic affinities among Berber and other Mediterraneans, especially the Moroccan Arab-speakers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Finger patterns, pattern intensity, finger total ridge counts, pattern frequencies in the five configuration areas of the palm, mainline D terminations, and a-b ridge count were analysed in a sample of 120 males and 103 females of Moyen Atlas (Morocco). RESULTS: Bilateral asymmetry was more pronounced than sexual differences in the overall distribution of the analysed traits. Our two series (males and females) exhibit high values of total ridge count (TRC) and mainline D terminations in comparison with other Mediterranean series. Several pattern frequencies in fingers and palm areas also differentiate the Berbers of Moyen Atlas from North Africans. CONCLUSION: The picture obtained by principal components based on qualitative digital and palm data revealed that Berber males were within the variation range of North African groups while Berber females clustered with some Iberian samples. The population pattern obtained in a bivariate plot of quantitative finger data showed the Berbers (males and females) as the most differentiated population in the Mediterranean context. Dermatoglyphic data failed to indicate any particular proximity between Berbers and Arab-speakers from Morocco.

Arabs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of sex chromosomes on finger dermatoglyphic patterns.

Finger pattern frequencies for patients exhibiting various sex chromosome aneuploidies were obtained from literature sources. The sample consisted of 141 XO, 500 XX, 68 XXX, 9 XXXX, 500 XY, 93 XYY, 30 XXYY and 6 XXXXY. Pattern frequencies were converted to radial and ulnar loop frequencies, and these in turn were used to construct four variables; pattern intensity; radial-ulnar difference; radial loop asymmetry; and ulnar loop asymmetry. The relationship between the dermatoglyphic variables on to the sex chromosomes was examined by regressing the dermatoglyphic variables on to the number of X and Y chromosomes. Radial-ulnar difference and radial loop asymmetry showed the strongest relationship with the number of X and Y chromosomes. The X and Y chromosomes had about equal influence on radial-ulnar difference, but the Y had a stronger effect on radial loop asymmetry. It is postulated that sex chromosomes influence dermatoglyphic development by controlling tissue sensitivity to fetal sex steroids.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Palmar dermatoglyphics of the Faroe Islanders.

The palmar dermatoglyphics of 298 male and 331 female Faroe Islanders were studied by the topological method of Penrose and Loesch. The frequency of individual pattern elements, triradii, main-line index and a-b ridge counts were recorded and compared with similar results for Danes and Cornish obtained from the analysis of unpublished data. The palmar traits of the three populations conform closely to the patterns of sex and bimanual variation reported in previous topological studies of Europeans. The Faroese have some distinctive dermatoglyphic features but the frequencies of their palm patterns are not as divergent from other North-West Europeans as their finger dermatoglyphic characters.

Denmark↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital and palmar dermatoglyphics and the population structure of the Upper Bologna Apennine.

Analysis of digital and palmar dermatoglyphics in an Italian mountain population was carried out. Dermatoglyphic variability was particularly investigated in samples from four different valleys. Microgeographical differences in qualitative and quantitative traits among valleys were found. The relationship between degree of endogamy and dermatoglyphic differences is discussed. The biological repercussion of isolation in the history of this Apennine population is also pointed out by means of comparisons with a nearby plains population characterized by low inbreeding.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Dermatoglyphic study in autistic children and controls.

Dermatoglyphic patterns formed during fetal development reflect genetic or early developmental events. These patterns might provide a means for investigation of a biological basis for autism, but the results of prior studies are not conclusive. The authors undertook a study of 95 autistic children, defined by DSM-III criteria ascertained independently by three child psychiatrists. The dermatoglyphic patterns of these children were compared with several control groups, all age-matched, separated by sex, and comprising different ethnic compositions. Analysis of variance as well as chi-square methods of statistical analysis were applied. Consistency among hands, ATD angle values, total ridge counts, incidence and effects on ridge count of arches, double loops, and whorls were evaluated in this comparatively large, well-controlled group of autistic children, and all failed to support a value for dermatoglyphic analysis as a discriminant of autism.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1997

Fluctuating asymmetry and vertebral malformation. A study of palmar dermatoglyphics in congenital spinal deformities.

STUDY DESIGN: Prints of palmar dermatoglyphics (epidermal ridges) of individuals with congenital vertebral anomaly were compared, using symmetry criteria, with those of healthy control individuals. Asymmetries have been reported in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and, from other centers, in other congenital anomalies, such as cleft lip and palate. Application of these methods to congenital vertebral anomaly seemed promising. OBJECTIVES: To challenge the hypothesis that, in congenital vertebral anomaly, epigenesis was disrupted by nonspecific physiologic stress during the embryonic period, resulting in anatomic malformations. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Dermatoglyphics (palmar epidermal ridges) are formed at the end of the embryonic period under genetic control and do not change thereafter. They thus give an indication of the stability or otherwise of development at that early stage. This led to the hypothesis that congenital vertebral anomaly results from destabilization of genetic developmental control in the embryonic period. METHODS: The dermatoglyphics of 126 healthy control individuals and 99 people with congenital vertebral anomaly were compared quantitatively, using right-left differences of atd angles and ab, bc, and cd ridge counts. RESULTS: Fluctuating asymmetry (a significantly increased variance about the mean) was observed in individuals with congenital vertebral anomaly. This is a measure of instability of genetic development processes and the increased probability that these processes will be destabilized by environmental stress during ontogeny. They also showed an increased incidence of ridge dissociation, suggestive of a generalized insult during the embryonic period. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that congenital vertebral anomalies arise from a nonspecific insult during the embryonic period that destabilizes the developmental control systems and may result in congenital malformations of any organ undergoing concurrent epigenesis.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Dermatoglyphic analyses of 32 parents of Prader-Willi syndrome individuals.

Dermatoglyphic analyses were performed on 22 mothers and 10 fathers of 24 PWS individuals (32 normal relatives). The frequency of fingertip patterns in the parents was the same as in their PWS offspring with respect to a decrease in ulnar loops, and this decrease was significant when compared with controls (P greater than 0.01). It was more marked in the fathers than in the mothers. The fingertip arches and whorls were more evenly redistributed in the parents than in their PWS offspring. The TFRC of the parents showed a positive correlation with the TFRC of the PWS offspring (P less than 0.01). These data indicate heritability of the fingertip dermatoglyphics. No heritable traits were found in the palmar dermatoglyphic configurations. The fathers showed palmar anomalies greater than in control males (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Dermatoglyphics in Darier's disease.

BACKGROUND: Darier's disease is an acantholytic dyskeratotic genodermatosis with autosomal dominant inheritance. A predictive diagnostic marker for this disorder would be beneficial because of the relatively late onset and the large number of sporadic cases of the disease. The dermatoglyphic features of patients with Darier's disease were examined to determine whether they have a common pattern. METHODS: Ink prints of fingers and palms obtained from 11 patients of both sexes with sporadic and familial Darier's disease were analyzed and compared with those of normal subjects. RESULTS: No significant quantitative or qualitative differences were found between the dermatoglyphic features of our patients and those of a healthy population, except for punctate interruptions of the skin ridges that indicate pitting, a well-known manifestation of Darier's disease. CONCLUSIONS: These results refute the conclusions of a previous publication claiming that there is a common characteristic dermatoglyphic feature in patients with this dermatosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Dermatoglyphic and cytogenetic studies in parents of children with trisomy 21.

Dermatoglyphic studies were carried out of 131 mothers and 95 fathers of children with Down syndrome and 200 controls (100 males and 100 females) using the Hopkins single score method. Twelve percent of the mothers and 2% of the fathers showed dermatoglyphic abnormalities including a distal axial triradius (t"), hypothenar ulnar loops, radial loops on digits IV and V and abnormal palmar creases, resulting in a positive Hopkins score or a score in the "overlapping range" (greater than -3). The origin of the extra chromosome could be determined in 23 of a total group of 40 families. In 22 of the former, the mother was the donor of the extra chromosome; in one it was the father, In these 23 families, a Hopkins score in the overlapping range was found in three mothers who were all under the age of 35 years at the birth of the affected child. Since cytogenetic studies cannot easily differentiate between meiotic nondisjunction and mosaicism as a basis for 21 trisomy in the progeny, it is possible that mothers with positive overlapping Hopkins scores represent undetected mosaics for a trisomic cell line. The dual approach utilizing dermatoglyphic and cytogenetic studies may aid in identifying persons with an enhanced risk for having children with Down syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Discriminant analysis of dermatoglyphic measurements in fragile X males and females.

Two hundred and eight fragile X subjects (92 males and 116 females) and matched Australian (60 males and 32 females) and British (122 males and 118 females) normal samples were used to calculate 4 discriminant functions, based on dermatoglyphic measurements. The most efficient discriminating variables between fragile X and normal males, selected by means of the Wilk's stepwise method, included: ridge counts on fingers 1-3, the hallucal (f) count on soles, the atd angle, and pattern intensities in palmar areas 2, 4 and 5 as well as on fingers 4 and 5. In females, the ridge breadth, the hallucal (e) count, the atd angle and pattern intensities in palmar areas 3-5 as well as on fingers 1, 3 and 5 comprised the final discriminant. The misclassification rate based on distributions of individual discriminant scores in each pair of samples, and on prior probabilities, was lowest (16.8%) in fragile X males compared with the Australian normal subjects. In both female comparisons, this rate approached 44%. A bias to misclassification rates resulting from various analytical procedures and some properties of the data are discussed. We conclude that the discriminant function based on dermatoglyphic measured variables alone is not good enough for assessing carrier probabilities for fragile X, especially in females. However, we have been able to select the best discriminators which may be used, together with other measured body characteristics, to obtain a more powerful discriminant function. Moreover, a consideration of discriminant scores based on dermatoglyphic traits only may help in estimating carrier probabilities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic studies in varicocele infertility. II: Dermatoglyphic pattern.

The prime concern of the present work was the analysis of dermatoglyphic patterns in infertile patients presenting with clinically detectable varicocele. In a controlled study conducted on 30 patients and utilizing a slight modification of the original ink method of Cummins and Midlo, the dermatoglyphics on terminal phalanges of the thumb in both hands showed significantly higher incidence of the whorl pattern. Likewise, the index finger in both hands exhibited higher incidence of both the whorl and double loop patterns. Other patterns on the fingers, the plamar creases, axial triradii, hypothenar and thenar eminences, and angle and total ridge count did not alter significantly. Such characteristic dermatoglyphic patterns in varicocele infertile men may furnish additional evidence in support of a genetic cause for varicocelogenesis and its associated gonadal dysfunction. Furthermore, it may provide a prognostic preoperative screening method for varicocele infertile patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sex differences and bilateral asymmetry in dermatoglyphic pattern elements on the fingertips.

In the present paper, 539 Polish families and 999 individuals (515 males and 484 females) were analysed to determine whether asymmetry of dermatoglyphic patter elements on the fingertips of ulnar and radial loops in genetically controlled. And we enquire whether the body is bilaterally asymmetrical. We have found the asymmetry between right and left hand fingertips for ulnar and radial loops, for each digit and between the two sexes. The differences between the sexes is small. The bimanual difference in dermatoglyphic pattern elements between hands, right minus left, has been used as a measure of asymmetry. The mean and variance difference for males is not significantly different from the mean and variance for females. An investigation was also made of correlations between relatives for bimanual differences, right minus left. We may conclude from these results that the asymmetry of dermatoglphic pattern elements on fingertips of ulnar and radial loops has little hereditary component. Finally, the results of this work show that the dermatoglyphic pattern elements on fingertips of ulnar and radial loops on each side of the body are inherited.

Dermatoglyphics↗