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PubMed1977

[Needle biopsies of sarcomas of the breast: cytomorphology and DNA cytophotometry (author's transl)].

When needle biopsies are done on all palpable changes in the breasts, some sarcomas of the breast can be found. The cytomorphology of this mesenchymal tumor is described and the differential cytology is discussed. In some of our cases the relative content of DNS of the cell nuclei in the smear was determined by quantitative cytophotometry in a Feulgen Stain. It was found that the DNS values of lymphosarcoma and spindle cell stromal sarcoma were within the norm of class 2C to 4C. The DNS content of angiosarcoma and polymorphous stromal sarcomas showed wide variations up to class 8 C. The result is discussed in view of automated cytological diagnosis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1981

[Reliability of DNA measurement after simultaneous staining of DNA and RNA by acridine-orange for flow-cytophotometry (author's transl)].

The reliability of DNA cell content measurement by flow cytophotometry was assessed after simultaneous staining of DNA and RNA by acridine-orange. The methods of staining allowing the lowest CV were determined. The specificity of this staining for DNA appeared satisfactory. When the distribution in the various phases of the cell cycle was computerized, a good correlation was found for the S phase with the 3H-thymidine labeling index. The interest of this method for prognosis and monitoring of acute leukemia is underlined.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1984

[Impulse cytophotometry and catamnesis in breast neoplasms].

CEll suspensions from 62 cancers of breast were investigated by flow cytophotometry after staining with pepsin-Ethidium bromide. In all patients a radical operation was made, followed by radiotherapy. The surviving patients were observed for 5 years. From the DNA-histograms 48% of the tumours were classified as diploid (or peridiploid), 40% as polyploid and 11% as aneuploid. Concerning ploidy a rank with worsening prognosis was found from diploid over polyploid to aneuploid cancers. In this sense bad prognosis means: dead or relapse during 5 years, histologically undifferentiated tumours, great primary tumour, metastasis in lymph nodes. In diploid tumours bad prognosis is indicated by a higher part of S- and G2-phase nuclei in the flow histograms. Most of the findings, but not all, are proved statistically. Now as ever, histological differentiation is still the most easily statement for prognosis.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1981

[DNA content in the nuclei of breast cancer cells and their metastases to the regional lymph nodes analyzed by impulse cytophotometry].

The data are reaorted on the distribution of the DNA content in cell nuclei of normal human mammary gland, in benign processes, cancer and its metastases in regional lymphnodes by the method of impulse cytophotometry. In benign processes the distribution of DNA in epithelial cells was not shown to differ from the control, however, in some cases there is an increased proliferative activity of the epithelium. Cytophotometrical structure of human breast cancer in general traits reflects the pattern of DNA distribution in them. A tumor consisting of monomorphous elements more frequently shows one type of tumor cells with a different degree of their proliferative activity. The presence of large number of anaplastic cells would correspond to the peaks of anaeploid and polyploid cells on DNA-histograms. A correlation between the DNA content in epithelial cell nuclei of the primary tumor and its metastases in regional lymph nodes was found to remain in the uniform cytologic picture.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1981

Characterization of coronavirus-infected tissue cultures by computer-aided cytophotometry.

Coronavirus-infected cells were cytophotometrically measured and analyze during a replication cycle. Distinct cytoplasmic differences were observed in images scanned at 260 and 280 nm; these differences could be attributed to specific virologic changes using virologic tests. The application of computer-aided cytophotometry may prove to be a valuable approach in the analysis of infected cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Clarification of cytologically doubtful findings of the cervix by DNA-single-cell-fluorescence-cytophotometry].

By using single-cell-DNS-cytophotometry in 28 single cases and 11 follow-up studies it was possible to differentiate the doubtful cytological findings and the mild and moderate dysplasia concerning the expected biological behaviour (risk of degeneration). If there are histograms similar to those with normal or inflammatory altered squamous epithelium, which are classified as "behaviour like a facultative precancerous lesion", further clinical observation is necessary. Histograms which show aneuploidy and/or wide spread to the right side are classified as "behaviour like an obligatory precancerous lesion". In these cases a conization should be performed, even if the findings are cytomorphological Pap III or mild dysplasias.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1993

Pathology and DNA cytophotometry of small hepatocellular carcinoma with a nodule-in-nodule appearance--evidence for stepwise progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Among 92 surgically resected human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) < or = 3 cm in diameter, 23 tumors (25%) grossly showed a nodule-in-nodule appearance indicating stepwise progression of HCC. The central nodules showed destructive growth of HCC, which was less differentiated than the surrounding area histologically, while the surrounding area showed growth of very-well-differentiated HCC with no, or only minimal, destruction of the underlying liver structures. Previously, we proposed the term "early HCC" for HCCs without definite destructive growth, and the nodule-in-nodule lesions described here are considered to be in the transitional stage from early HCC to advanced HCC, and are therefore named early advanced HCC (eAd HCC). DNA cytophotometry was performed in 12 cases of eAd HCC, in which the early HCC component, advanced HCC component and non-tumorous liver tissue showing chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis were analyzed separately. The early HCC component showed a diploid pattern in eight of the 12 cases. The advanced HCC component showed an aneuploid peak in seven cases, and in three of these the peak was detected only in the advanced HCC component and not in the early HCC component. The mean nuclear DNA content was significantly increased from non-tumorous liver to the early HCC component and from the early HCC component to the advanced HCC component. Polyploid cells containing more than 4.8C DNA were exceptional in non-tumorous liver, but were detectable in the early HCC component and increased in number in the advanced HCC component. These findings suggest that DNA instability may have an important role to play in the subclonal progression of human HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Impulse cytophotometry in neoplasm prevention. The behavior of normal vaginal smears in the impulse cytophotometric histogram].

Evaluation of histograms of normal cervical and vaginal smears, produced by ""rapid flow through'' cytophotometry. Normal cytological cervical and vaginal smears were examined for their appearance in histograms in order to find criteria for the classification of ""normal non-pathological'' cytological slides. Simultaneously, the reliability of the standardized method for preparation of vaginal and cervical smears was checked. The diagrams and data produced by the histograph were also coded on line and analyzed by a computer; thus obtaining an objective mathematical analysis and avoiding errors due to subjective visual analysis of the histograms. The objective interpretation of histograms of normal vaginal smears is an important step to the realisation of automatic pre-screening.

Computers↗
PubMed1976

[The characterisation of malignant ovarian tumors by impulse cytophotometry (author's transl)].

31 malignant adnexal tumors were investigated by impulse cytophotometry. From the DNS distribution curves we interpreted the positions and the height of the peaks in order to get informations about ploidy and proliferation pattern. 45.2% were classified into the diploid, 29.0% into the polyploid and 12.9% into the tetraploid group. 12.9% were aneuploid. Comparing our results with chromosome analyses in the literature we found more tetraploid tumors in our material. For our polyploid curves we assume, that many of the cells in the 8c-peak remain in the corresponding G2'-Phase, not undergoing mitosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Predictive value of DNA measurements in bladder washings. Comparison of flow cytometry, image cytophotometry, and cytology in patients with a past history of urothelial tumors.

Comparative DNA ploidy measurements were carried out by flow cytometry and by image analysis on cells in 71 bladder washing specimens from 50 patients with past histories of bladder tumors. Among the specimens classified as diploid or questionable by flow cytometry, 14 showed the presence of aneuploid DNA values documented by image analysis. In 18 of the 50 patients, recurrent tumors were observed during a relatively brief period of follow-up. In 15 of them the DNA pattern was aneuploid and in three it was questionable. In nine of the 15 patients, both methods of DNA analysis disclosed aneuploidy, but in six patients aneuploidy was detected by image analysis only. A combination of DNA aneuploidy, whether observed by flow cytometry, image analysis, or both, and of positive or suspicious urine cytology is highly predictive of recurrence of high grade bladder tumors. Image analysis of DNA content in bladder washings adds information of clinical value above and beyond that obtained by flow cytometry.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Localized renal-cell carcinoma: detection of abnormal cells in peritumoral tissue. A cytophotometry and immunocytochemistry study.

To spare organ function, partial resection of early diagnosed renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) is applied for well-localized and small-volume RCC with increasing frequency, although recurrence of the tumor in the same kidney is occasionally observed. The aim of the present study was to establish objective prognostic parameters that would allow the selection of tumors suitable for an organsaving procedure. Of the 160 patients undergoing a radical nephrectomy, 67 were included in this study. In 7/45 patients with lymph-node dissection (15.6%), clinical staging revealed a false-negative lymph-node status. By means of conventional histopathology, multifocality could be demonstrated in 2/67 patients (3%); in 1/67 patients (1.5%), the ipsilateral adrenal gland was unexpectantly tumor-involved. Both tumor tissue and normal peritumoral tissue were examined for the presence of premalignant and tumor cells on the basis of DNA ploidy and of the expression of the tumor-associated G250 antigen, which is specifically expressed at the surface of renal cancer cells. In 40/67 (59.1%) peritumoral tissue specimens, cells with an abnormal DNA content could be observed using automated image analysis. In 12/67 cases (18%), cells obtained from peritumoral tissue also showed an aneuploid DNA histogram; 4/67 (6%) had a tumor-correlated DNA ploidy. Additionally, 38/67 (56.9%) of these tissues, histopathologically classified as normal, contained cells expressing the G250 antigen. These observations were independent of the stage or histological grade of the tumor. These data indicate that classic pathological parameters for tumor staging are insufficient for the detection of multifocality, occurring in more than 15% of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands: the prognostic relevance of DNA cytophotometry in a retrospective study of long duration (1965-1987).

Acinic cell carcinomas of the Salivary Gland Registry, Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg, West Germany, from 1965 to 1980 (n = 55) were evaluated retrospectively with respect to histologic, cytophotometric, and clinical data. The majority of the tumors (92.8%) were located in the parotid gland. Two thirds of the patients were female; one third were male. Mean age at primary diagnosis was 55.4 years. The tumors were graded into highly differentiated (76%) or less differentiated forms (24%) according to classic histologic and cytologic criteria. The clinical course was characterized by no recurrence in 15 cases; in 17 cases, recurrences developed, and 12 patients died of their tumor, some as late as 240 months after primary diagnosis. Differentiation showed a weak correlation with the clinical course. In 35 cases, nuclear DNA content of tumor cells was assessed cytochemically. The tumors were "diploid" or "near-diploid" in 34 cases; DNA content showed no correlation to the clinical course. As a result of long-term follow-up, it becomes evident that acinic cell carcinoma is prone to develop recurrences and metastases. Complete tumor removal during the primary operation seems to be important for controlling the disease inasmuch as the ostensible prognostic predictors evaluated here proved to be unreliable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cytophotometry.

Basic differences and similarities of flow and static cytophotometric instruments are viewed with regard to technical peculiarities and applicability in the fields of biology and tumor pathology. In flow systems, precision of the information concerning quantities of constituents is high, whereas precision of information concerning morphologic parameters is low. In static systems, morphologic identification by a trained operator can be used advantageously to classify any given cell interactively, thus replacing a large number of flow parameters. This is why the vast majority of automated static machines used in pathology are still more or less semiautomatic or interactive. Carefully performed specimen-adapted cell preparation procedures in which each step is strictly supervised, highly standardized staining methods, and internal controls are prerequisites in order to obtain reliable cytochemical results. In a number of human tumors with well-controlled cytopathologic and/or histopathologic and clinical data, quantitative cytochemical analysis has been demonstrated to provide diagnostic and prognostic information complementary to that obtained by conventional clinical and morphologic methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Representativity of human mammary tumor cell cultures: DNA-cytophotometry as a method for checking tumour cell characteristics.

Short term cultures (3-6 days) of 40 primary human mammary carcinomas were prepared and compared with the original tumours from which they were derived. As a criterion the nuclear DNA Frequency Distribution Pattern (FDP), cytophotometrically measured, was used. Comparisons were made between the FDPs of smears of freshly-cut tumour surfaces and their cultures. Twenty-nine (73%) cultures showed FDPs identical with the smears. Eleven cultures (27%) showed gross shifts in ratios between different peaks or showed a complete loss of one or more peaks in the FDP and were classified as not representative. Our results show that it is necessary to check primary mammary tumour cultures to determine whether or not they are representative of the original tumour. This is especially so if conclusions are to be drawn from the cultures about the original tumour. Analysis of FDPs in the cell islands of the cultures (migration of cells from attached clumps) resulted in a better understanding of the FDPs found in the smears. We showed that cultures of human mammary tumours either can be composed of cell islands with identical FDPs (diploid or aneuploid) or may show heterogeneity between different cell islands within one tumour.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro cytophotometry evaluation of gamma-radiation effects on human sperm cell by acridine orange staining.

Effects of gamma-radiations on human sperm nuclei in vitro were studied by cytophotometrical quantification on fixed smears stained by acridine orange some of which had undergone heat-treatment. Following irradiations at different doses (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 gy) using a cobalt source, changes in distribution of acridine orange fluorescences emitted by nuclei (total fluorescence greater than 515 nm versus green fluorescence = 525 nm) appeared to be dose-dependent. Heat-treatment of irradiated heads was confirmed to be a complementary procedure necessary for a good evaluation of the initial degree in chromatin compactness. Chromatin alterations related to changes in emitted fluorescence could be due to the initial fragility of the DNA-nucleoprotein complex. These preliminary results suggest that the normality of sperm chromatin could be used as a biologic dosimeter.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1962

Photographic cytophotometry with a dual microscope.

A modified comparison microscope assembly was developed for quantitative cytochemical analysis of stained or naturally pigmented objects. Test and control objects were photographed simultaneouslyon the same frame of color film. Pigments in the film image were then extracted and analyzed in a recording spectrophotometer. The total procedure is an extension and simplification of existing methods.

Cell Biology↗