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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[The cytochemical observation of inosine effect on glucose metabolism of BGC-823 human gastric carcinoma cell line].

The activity of intracellular lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinic acid dehydrogenase (SDH) was studied by cytochemistry in BGC-823 gastric carcinoma cell line treated with inosine. Cytoplasmic granules of LDH were found decreased or completely disappeared, while little change of SDH was observed. The tumor cells were decreased in number and became atrophic, especially when the cells were treated with high concentrations of inosine. The results suggest that inosine can play a role in suppressing the activity of intracellular LDH, thus blocking the major source of energy supply of cancer cells.

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed1976

[Changes in the neurons of the lateral geniculate body under the effect of prolonged darkness (cytochemical study)].

With the aid of the cytospectrophotometry method the author studied the influence of light deprivation (the exposure of animals to darkness during 8 weeks following birth) on neurons of the dorsal nucleus of the external geniculate body of rats according to the index of glutamatedehydrogenase activity. It was established that unlike the visual cortex, separate groups of neurons which react differently to light deprivation, the majority of nervous cells in the external geniculate body demonstrate similar changes: a drop in the medium activity of glutamatdehydrogenase in neurons and its neurological satellites, a shift of neuron histograms according to this index to the left. These changes are accompanied by an increase of smaller neurons as compared to normal, as well as a drop in the amount of neurons with satellites. The found differences of reactions to light deprivation between the cortical neurons and switch areas of the visual analyzer are discussed in the light of functional traits of such neurons.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of the effects of three widely used glutaraldehyde fixatives on cellular volume and structure. A TEM, SEM, Volumetric and Cytochemical Study.

The effects of three widely used glutaraldehyde-based fixatives on cellular volume and structure have been studied utilizing TEM, SEM, time-lapse micrography during the fixation procedure, volumetry and demonstration of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase. The cells used were in vitro cultivated human glia and glioma cells and suspensions of isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. The fixatives compared were the following: 2 per cent glutaraldehyde (GA) in 0.1 M Na-cacodylate-HCL buffer (cac) with 0.1 M sucrose (pH 7.2); total osmolality (T) 510 mOsmol; vehicle osmolality (V) 300 mOsm, 2 per cent GA in 0.1 M cac (pH 7.2; T = 410 mOsmol; V = 200 mOsmol) and 1.5 per cent GA in 0.067 M cac with 0.033 M sucrose (pH 7.2; T = 320 mOsmol; V = 170 mOsmol). It was found that the fixative with a vehicle osmolality of 300 mOsmol gave results which were interpreted as ideal while the two fixatives were hypotonic vehicles resulted in changes which were easily demonstrated during volumetry, time-lapse micrography, SEM and cytochemistry. However, the differences observed in the TEM were less obvious and difficult to interpret, the major alternations being changes in the configuration of the ER in the liver cells. In conclusion, our findings show that even small variations in the composition of a glutaraldehyde fixative can result in structural changes which do not correspond to the functional morphology of a living cell. Such changes make correct interpretation of micrographs difficult.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1995

Postmortem delay effects on neuroglial cells and brain macrophages from Lewis rats with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: an immunohistochemical and cytochemical study.

The effects of increasing postmortem delay (PMD) times on morphological, immunological and functional characteristics of various brain cells both in situ and in vitro were studied in postmortem brain tissue derived from rats with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). A decline of the brain tissue structure was first noted after a PMD of 6 h. Radial glia in the cerebellum were frequently interrupted and retractions artifacts appeared around brain cells. However, even after the longest PMD interval of 18 h the quality of the cell and tissue structure was still good enough for immunohistochemical characterization. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen and fixed rat brain tissue sections resulted in an enhancement of the immunoreactivity after a PMD of 4 h, using a panel of mono and polyclonal antibodies directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), basement membranes (laminin), brain macrophage antigens (ED1 and ED2), and various immunologically important surface molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (Ia) antigen (OX6), CR3 complement receptor (ED8), and leukocyte common antigen (OX1). No increase in staining intensities with the ED1, ED8 and OX6 mAbs specific for macrophage antigens could be detected on brain macrophages that were isolated from brain tissue of rats with EAE obtained after various PMD intervals. Irrespective of the PMD interval, viable astrocyte cell cultures were obtained with comparable staining intensities for GFAP. These cultured astrocytes were capable of ingesting Latex beads and were highly proliferative as measured by BrdU uptake, at all investigated PMDs. Thus, even after long PMD intervals, brain material can be used successfully. Other data suggest that the situation is similar to human brain material, even though the PMD times may be somewhat different.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

The effect of different fixatives on chromatin: cytochemical and ultrastructural approaches.

This study explores the effects of two types of fixative on chromatin. The first type (acrolein, glutaraldehyde) engenders a high degree of ultrastructural preservation. The other type are fixatives that are widely used in cytochemistry and cytogenetics (acetic acid, 3:1 by vol. methanol-acetic acid, methanol alone, formaldehyde). Lymphocytes of adult rats so-fixed in vitro were prepared for electron microscopy or microdensitometric evaluations of smears. Assessments were made of variations in their total protein, nuclear basic protein and DNA contents. DNA was determined both as Feulgen-positive material and by its binding of intercalating dyes (Methyl Green, specific for double-stranded polynucleotides). Our results showed that some fixatives break up the chromatin organization by acting on particular components of chromatin fibres. They can thus be considered to be destructive agents in situ. In addition, a revaluation of some aldehyde fixatives is proposed for both ultrastructural and cytochemical research.

Acrolein↗
PubMed1991

A method for identifying megakaryocytic and erythroid cells by a combined immunocytochemical and cytochemical stain.

The effectiveness of immunoperoxidase staining for platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa coupled with cytochemical staining for hemoglobin has been evaluated as a dual staining technique for identifying lineage-specific characteristics of the megakaryocytic and erythroid series in cells of the same hemopoietic tissue preparation. A sequence of staining was established which produced a circumferential brown stain around cells of the megakaryocytic series, and a diffuse yellow to orange stain in the cytoplasm of cells of the erythroid series. Each staining reaction possessed a high degree of specificity and sensitivity which enabled the combined stain to provide a convenient means for establishing the megakaryocytic and erythroid nature of individual cells in hematological specimens where classification cannot be achieved with certainty on morphological grounds.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1987

Effects of prolonged exposure to ammonia on fluid-phase, receptor-mediated, and adsorptive (non specific) endocytosis in cultured neuroblastoma cells. A flow-cytometry and cytochemical study.

The effect of prolonged exposure to ammonia on fluid-phase, receptor-mediated, and adsorptive (non specific) endocytosis in cultured neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells were studied using fluorescein-labeled dextran, concanavalin A conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate, and cationized ferritin as tracers. Ammonia treatment increased the rate of endocytosis of cationized ferritin as well as the number of cell elements involved in the process. Moreover, the number of cytoplasmic components containing acid phosphatase activity was also found to increase following ammonia treatment. In contrast, flow-cytometric analyses showed that, under experimental conditions, exposure to ammonia did not alter the intralysosomal pH and had little effect on the fluid-phase and receptor-mediated endocytosis of fluorescein-labeled dextran and concanavalin-A fluorocrome, respectively.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1987

Prenatal exposure to alcohol alters the Golgi apparatus of newborn rat hepatocytes: a cytochemical study.

The effect of prenatal exposure to ethanol on the Golgi apparatus of newborn rat hepatocytes has been studied cytochemically using several trans-Golgi markers (thiamine pyrophosphatase, uridine diphosphatase, inosine diphosphatase, acid phosphatase, and 5'-nucleotidase) as well as a cis-side marker (osmium impregnation). The amount of cerium phosphate formed in the cytochemical reactions was roughly quantitated by stereologic methods. The Golgi apparatus of about 40% of the hepatocytes appeared disorganized after alcohol treatment, and in the other 60%, the electron density of reaction product deposits for all phosphatases investigated was decreased. 5'-Nucleotidase was completely absent in cisternae of Golgi apparatus of treated cells. In control cells impregnated with osmium tetroxide, reduced osmium compounds were observed in most Golgi cisternae and in nearby vesicles. In contrast, only small vesicles appeared positive in treated hepatocytes. These results suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure alters some Golgi functions. Thus, the decrease in nucleoside diphosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase cytochemical activities after ethanol exposure strongly suggests that this treatment could affect glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus of newborn rat hepatocytes.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1987

Electron microscopic cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase in amphibian urinary bladder epithelium: effects of antidiuretic hormone.

A cytochemical technique for electron microscopic localization of adenylate cyclase was used to identify this enzyme in quiescent and hormone-stimulated toad urinary bladder epithelium. In the absence of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), adenylate cyclase was detected along the outer surface of the basolateral plasma membranes of granular cells, mitochondria-rich cells, and basal cells, the major cell types comprising the hormone-sensitive urinary epithelium. In the presence of antidiuretic hormone, the basolateral precipitates were markedly increased. The latter was true for both tissues incubated in the presence of an osmotic gradient and those stimulated in the absence of such a gradient. A significant mucosal reaction was never seen. Such data indicate that the hormone receptors for vasopressin are located along the basolateral membranes of all epithelial cells comprising the mucosal hormone-sensitive epithelium. All cells of the epithelium also demonstrate a vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase. We discuss possible mechanisms that attempt to integrate the cytochemical data into an overall scheme for the physiological action of this hormone on amphibian urinary bladder.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1993

Biological activity in the repopulating rat spermatocyte after the withdrawal of gossypol treatment. IV. The activity for the modification of core histones.

Mature male rats were treated with gossypol for 8 weeks. Afterwards, treatment was halted to allow the arrested spermatogonia to revive. Fifteen days after the withdrawal of the drug treatment, the repopulating pachytene spermatocyte (RPS) had a lower level of core histone H3 and H4 acetylation (40 and 55% reduction, respectively) than that of the control pachytene spermatocyte (CPS). The reduction in core histone acetylation was found in histone H3 and H4 but not in H2A and H2B. Forty-five days after the withdrawal of the drug treatment, the inhibitory effect on core histone acetylation was recovered. Both dot-blot and standard liquid assays were used to detect the nuclear histone acetylase activity in RPS and CPS. Fifteen days after the withdrawal of gossypol treatment, the acetylase type A activity in RPS was reduced by 42% when compared to CPS. It has been concluded that after gossypol treatment, the activity for nucleosomal core histones acetylation was selectively inhibited. This effect is related to an inhibitory effect on the histone acetylase activity.

Acetylation↗