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Results for “Contraception Continuation”

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PubMedDate not supplied

The quality of family planning services in rural China.

This article provides a preliminary analysis of three aspects of service quality in four rural counties in China--the availability of contraceptive methods, information given to users, and provider knowledge about methods. Contraceptive choice and characteristics of contraceptive use by women in the study areas are also examined. The data are derived from a survey carried out by the authors during 1987, under the auspices of China's State Family Planning Commission. The survey was conducted in four rural counties located in Fujian and Heilongjiang provinces. A total of 318 married women of reproductive age were randomly selected and interviewed. All family planning service sites serving the women were visited and a sample of service providers was interviewed. No shortage of contraceptives existed in any of the counties, but variations in community wealth and local procurement practices have resulted in the acquisition of an IUD with high failure rates. Although providers believe they inform women about method choices and side effects, women were poorly informed about the methods they selected. Not all providers who insert IUDs and distribute pills were knowledgeable about contraindications and side effects of the methods. Ever-use of contraception was nearly 100 percent, but most women, especially in Heilongjiang, have only used one method: the IUD or sterilization. Improvements in quality, especially in method mix, providers' level of knowledge, and the quality and quantity of information provided to users will likely improve contraceptive continuation, client satisfaction, and women's health.

China↗

PubMed1980

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma developing in a female patient on long term oral contraceptives--a case report.

The association between hepatic tumours and oestrogen and progestogen therapy is well established. The risk of developing primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) is small. In Africa and Asia where hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are common, the development of PHC is also high. The presence of Hepatitis B core antibody indicates previous exposure to HBV and carries a risk of developing PHC by more than 34 times of non-infected normal. A Chinese female 29 years who had been on oral oestrogen and progestogen contraceptives continuously for 8 years developed PHC. She had no known illness due to HBV but was found to have concomitantly positive Hepatitis B core antibody in her sera. The presence of this HB core antibody and the long term consumption of oestrogen/progesterone derivatives may have been responsible for the early presentation of PHC in this patient. It is the first report in this country of PHC developing in a pill consumer since the introduction of oral contraceptives a decade ago In view of the prevalence of Hepatitis B in the region, this case finding warrants further study to determine whether (a) there is a higher frequency in pill consumers (b) an earlier age of presentation of hepatic malignancy. Meanwhile, it may be prudent to recommend alternative methods of birth control in individuals known to have been previously exposed to HBV infection, clinically or otherwise.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Contraceptive failure and continuation among married women in the United States, 1970-75.

Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), this study reports differentials in contraceptive use-failure and continuation among married women aged 15-44 years in the United States. Failure rates differed by contraceptive intention. Within categories of intention, these rates differed by method, age, race, and parity. Users of modern methods had higher continuation rates than users of traditional methods. These results indicate that a woman's motivation is an important factor in long-term successful use of available contraceptive methods and that more effective and easier to use methods need to be developed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[Hepatic adenoma and oral contraceptives (author's transl)].

The authors report a new case of hepatic adenoma apparently related to oral contraception continued for more than 9 years with a pill containing mestranol. The clinical presentation suggested an attack of hepatic colic with swollen gall bladder. The preoperative diagnosis of a tumour of segment VI of the liver was made by radiological examination of neighbouring organs. Hepatic arteriography, hepatic radioisotope scan using technetium phytate and echotomography. Surgical removal of segment VI confirmed by histological study showed that it was an adenoma with multiple foci, associated with hepatic involvement. One of the tumours was the site of central included hemorrhage, responsible for the clinical syndrome. In connection with this case the authors review the possible relationship between hepatic adenoma and oral contraception.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2000

Management of vaginal bleeding irregularities induced by progestin-only contraceptives.

As the use of progestin-only methods of contraception continues to increase worldwide, the problem of the vaginal bleeding disturbances these methods induce is becoming of increasing public health relevance. A number of approaches are used by clinicians to control these bleeding irregularities but few treatments have been adequately tested and, to date, none appears sufficiently effective. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying vaginal bleeding as well as of the attitudes of women towards menstrual disturbances is needed, so that effective and acceptable therapies can be devised.

Contraceptive Agents, Female↗

PubMed1986

Rumor, misinformation and oral contraceptive use in Egypt.

Rumor and misinformation about oral contraceptives continue to prevail in much of Egypt. This study tests the hypothesis that rumor involvement can have a negative and independent impact on pill usage by focusing on a common misbelief that the pill causes 'weakness'. The data comes from a 1981-1982 national self-weighted sample survey of 3283 currently married men and women dealing with family planning and mass media behaviors. The analyses confirm that rumor involvement decreases the probability of current or future pill use by previous users and by those who have never used it. Correct knowledge about the pill is shown to enhance pill usage as do other determinants such as social support for birth control and the desire for no more children. The importance of providing strong contraceptive education programs giving deeper consideration to contraceptive and related health beliefs in delivering fertility regulation services is highlighted.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Weight gain on the combined pill--is it real?

Britain has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Western Europe at 8.8 per 1000 live births. Adolescents are very preoccupied with body image and fear weight gain with use of the combined oral contraceptive (COC) pill. Compliance with contraception continues to be a major issue. Is there a real evidence of weight gain? Or are there discrepancies between adolescent perceptions of weight gain with COC use and available scientific evidence? We carried out a comprehensive literature search and did not find evidence for the purported weight gain with use of low dose COCs. Adolescents need reassurance by gynaecologists, general practitioners, family planning doctors and mass media to remove such misperceptions. This will contribute in some way to reduce the high unintended pregnancy rates.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Cycle characteristics after discontinuation of oral contraceptives.

Nearly 60% of the women between 20 and 40 years of age who do not want to conceive choose oral contraceptives (OCs) for contraception in Germany. In an ongoing prospective study on the use of natural family planning in Germany, 175 women have been observed for 3,048 cycles immediately after having discontinued OCs (post-pill group). They were compared to a control group of 284 women observed for 6,251 cycles, who had never taken OCs. Both groups were comparable in age and sociodemographic characteristics. After discontinuing OCs, 57.9% of all first cycles were ovulatory with sufficient luteal phases. However, for the total post-pill group the cycle length was significantly prolonged up to the ninth cycle. A significantly higher number of luteal phases were insufficient in the post-pill group. Major cycle disturbances (cycle length > 35 days or luteal phase of < 10 days of elevated basal body temperature or anovulatory cycles) were significantly more frequent in the post-pill group up to the seventh cycle. Cycle disturbances after discontinuing OCs were reversible but the time of regeneration took up to 9 months (significant) or even longer (not significant). These results will help to counsel couples who wish to conceive after discontinuing OCs or who want to continue contraception with alternative methods.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Life-table methods for contraceptive research.

Life-table methods used for the analysis and interpretation of contraceptive follow-up studies differ from those used in other areas of medical research. The historical development of these methods in the contraceptive literature is outlined and the two main methods are discussed, compared and shown to differ mainly in their nomenclature; their results are very similar in practice. The daily life-table method is simpler to apply and interpret, and facilitates analysis using the logrank statistic as well as powerful regression modelling techniques for survival data.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed1995