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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effects of ethanol consumption by adult female rats on subsequent consumption by adolescents.

We used a two-bottle choice test to measure voluntary ethanol consumption by adolescent rats that had lived with ethanol-consuming or water-consuming adult conspecifics. We found that housing weanlings with either a virgin or a lactating adult female rat that ingested ethanol increased the weanlings' subsequent voluntary intake of ethanol when they were fluid-deprived and provided with choices between 8% ethanol solution and water for 2 h/day. Rats housed with both an ethanol-consuming virgin female and their water-consuming dam drank more ethanol than did rats housed with a dam and virgin female, both consuming water. Rats housed with an ethanol-consuming dam and ethanol consuming adult virgin did not drink more ethanol than did rats housed with an ethanol-consuming dam and a water-consuming virgin female. In sum: (1) young rats learned socially to consume ethanol. (2) Exposure to ethanol in mother's milk was not necessary for such social learning to occur, and (3) living with an ethanol-consuming unfamiliar, virgin female conspecific resulted in enhanced ethanol intake by adolescent rats, even if a water-consuming dam was also present.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of PCB-contaminated carp from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, on mink. 3. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor concentrations, and potential correlation with dietary PCB consumption.

Mink (Mustela vison) were fed diets containing ocean fish (control diet, 0.0 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs) or Saginaw Bay carp to provide 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm PCBs to examine the effect of PCBs on homeostasis of binding sites for ovarian steroid hormones. Ranch-raised mink fed Great Lakes fish contaminated with PCBs, or treated with PCBs directly, have demonstrated reproductive impairment including anovulation, fetal resorption, delayed ovulation, increased gestation, and decreased litter size. Previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen and progesterone levels are unaltered in mink treated with PCBs, suggesting that the effect of PCBs on reproduction is not mediated through alterations in hormone homeostasis. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the most likely means by which PCBs exert antiestrogenic ability is through a down-regulation of the estrogen receptor in normally estrogen-responsive tissues such as liver and uterus. Hepatic and uterine estrogen binding site concentrations were measured in female mink consuming diets containing PCBs for up to 18 mo at up to 1 ppm. Hepatic estrogen binding site concentrations generally decreased with increasing dietary PCB concentrations. Uterine estrogen binding site concentration did not decrease in these animals. Uterine progesterone receptor concentration also did not change with increasing PCB consumption. In total, the response of hepatic and uterine estrogen and uterine progesterone binding sites in mink fed diets containing Saginaw Bay carp suggests that concentrations of PCBs available to uterine tissue may not have been sufficient to decrease uterine estrogen receptor, despite their effect on hepatic estrogen receptor.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fish consumption and other characteristics of reproductive-aged Michigan anglers--a potential population for studying the effects of consumption of Great Lakes fish on reproductive health.

There has been considerable interest in the benefits and risks of eating Great Lakes fish, particularly with regard to reproductive health. We report the results of a survey conducted from 1993-1995 among Michigan anglers. The survey was designed to identify a reproductive-aged cohort of persons who consume high or low levels of Great Lakes fish in order to study the impact of polyhalogenated biphenyl (PHB) compounds and other toxins on human reproduction outcomes. Using fishing license data obtained from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, we identified anglers of early reproductive age (18-34 years) in ten Michigan counties. The screening survey ascertained demographic, behavioral, fish consumption, and reproductive history information on anglers and their partners. Over 4,000 angler households were contacted. One thousand nine hundred fifty questionnaires were returned from 1,168 households. The median age of respondents was 30 years; 58% were male and 64% reported being married. Slightly more than one-half the respondents had attended or graduated from college, and less than 10% had not completed high school. In the past year, most respondents (46%) reported having eaten sport-caught fish 1-12 times, while 20% reported having eaten no sport-caught fish; 20% had consumed 13-24 meals. More sport-caught fish was consumed in the spring and summer than in the fall and winter, and males reported eating more fish than females. About 43% of our respondents reported that they intend to have one or more children in the next five years. Of these respondents, 287 couples had no identified impairments to reproduction and therefore would be eligible to participate in the future reproductive study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Prescriptions and consumption of venotonic drugs in France (à propos of the report of the French National Institute for prescriptions and consumption of drugs)].

In 1997, consumption of veinotonic drugs in France represented 3.8% of the sales of refundable patient medicines, that is to say nearly 3 Billion francs with a 2.8% mean annual increase in units sold from 1983 to 1997, whereas prices decreased and new presentations with stronger dosages and larger packagings appeared on the market. No French epidemiologic specificity could be evidenced as regards the prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency and its complications. In France, and in comparison with elastic support, veinotonic products are preponderant in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency despite restrictive labelling of authorization (treatment of symptoms) and recommendations of good practice which consider them as a complementary treatment. They are the subject of 18 million prescriptions per year, by 69,000 doctors, mainly general practitioners. They are utilized over long periods, within a context of prescription rather than automedication. The number of patent medicines available (109), the status of refundable medicine, strong demand of patients and therapeutic habits have made France the world's foremost market for veinotonic products, with 70% of international sales. French particularism is indeed due to these factors and not to the prevalence of the condition to be treated.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1995

[Alcohol consumption among adolescents in 3 municipalities. A survey of local variations in alcohol consumption].

Drinking habits among 663 adolescents 14, 15, 17 and 18 years of age in three local communities were investigated by means of a questionnaire. Half had tasted alcohol already at the age of 14 years. The total amount consumed per person per year averaged 3.5 litres pure alcohol. Geographical variations in consumption were more than six-fold. At the age of 17 years, boys began to consume more than girls. In both sexes, home distilled spirits was the most common beverage obtained or provided illegally. The main reason for drinking alcohol seems to be to get drunk.

Adolescent↗