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PubMed2006

Mucocutaneous entomophthoramycosis acquired by conjunctival inoculation of the fungus.

Entomophthoramycoses are classified into subcutaneous, mucocutaneous, and primary visceral forms. The mucocutaneous form, also known as rhinoentomophthoramycosis, involves the mucosa and subcutaneous tissues of the nose and is caused by Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthora coronata). In this report, we describe the first case of mucocutaneous entomophthoramycosis acquired by introduction of the fungus through the conjunctival mucosa as a consequence of trauma involving contamination with soil. The patient was a 37-year-old man with no other complaints. The lesion was tumoral and extended into the ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses. The histopathologic appearance of the lesion was characteristic of this infection with a granulomatous process rich in eosinophils and with hyphae surrounded by an eosinophilic, periodic acid-Schiff stain-positive halo (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon). To the best of our knowledge, this case constitutes the first report of mucocutaneous entomophthoramycosis acquired by ocular contamination.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New approaches to phycomycoses (apropos of 2 cases of rhino-entomophthoromycosis)].

It is an uncommon affection (only 100 cases reported), observed primarily in African peri-equatorial zone. The rhinoentomophtoromycoses are caused by a phycomycetous fungus, class of zygomycetes: Conidiobolus coronatus. They are subcutaneomucus mycoses with centro-facial localizations. During the past ten years, three points have been put into light. 1. A true therapeutic revolution thanks to imidazoles. 2. A better knowledge of this disease in which caricatural forms are far form being the most numerous. 3. A socio-cultural African approach better understood, as such a disease is still considered as the result of a transgression or a fault.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cryptococcal antigen survey among racing pigeon workers and patients with cryptococcosis, pythiosis, histoplasmosis and penicilliosis.

The cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system (CALAS) test is simple, sensitive and specific. A total of 129 serum samples, 29 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) and one ascitic fluid from 143 subjects were tested in the study. Cryptococcal antigenaemia was present in all CSF specimens tested from patients with culture-proven cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcaemia, and in 91% of tested serum from the same group of patients with cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcaemia. The occurrence of false positive results among sera obtained from patients with phycomycosis (zygomycosis) due to Mucor spp., Conidiobolus coronata and Pythium spp., and from patients with Penicillium marneffei infections, was not observed. A random survey of 101 high risk subjects, who had fed pigeons for two months up to 40 years, for cryptococcal antigenaemia was also carried out and 4% were positive for cryptococcal antigenaemia. Of 14 Cryptococcus neoformans strains obtained from CSF cultures of patients with cryptococcal meningitis, and with cryptococcaemia, during 1977-1986, ten strains were serotype A and D, and four strains were serotype B and C.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[2 new cases of rhinoentomophthoromycosis diagnosed in the Central African Republic (review of the literature)].

After a historical account and review of the published literature on rhinoentomophthoromycosis, we report two recently recognized cases in Central African Republic. The first case was a 32 year-old "peuhl" woman with typical facial deformation that gave her a "hippopotamus-woman" aspect. The second case was a 53 year-old man with lesions that were less typical and limited to one half of the face only. In both cases, hypodermic nodules were palpable and it is likely that inoculation occurred by scratching of a skin lesion. The woman originates from a savanna region whereas the second patient is from a forest area. In both cases, culture were positive for Conidiobolus coronatus. Treatment with itraconazole was instituted for both patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Rhinoentomophthoromycosis. Therapeutic aspects of the 2 first Congolese cases].

About the two first cases of rhinoentomophthoromycosis (Conidiobolus coronatus) observed in Congo, the spectacular efficiency of ketoconazole must be pointed out: the second patient who has been treated from the beginning, recovered in two months. This evolution is to be compared with the therapeutic difficulties which had occurred before this antimycotic drug was used, as illustrated by the first patient who had to be hospitalized for almost one year and half and to suffer twice from an upper lip necrosis. However, that patient regained a decent facies due to a treatment with ketoconazole which had been postponed for a long time, and added to an hepatitis, and to plastic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sporulation media for Basidiobolus species.

Basidiobolus species lose their sporulation ability after relatively short periods of time in culture. This problem has been partially overcome by the use of media which incorporate glucosamine hydrochloride and casein hydrolysate. The media also appear to be suitable for the culture of Conidiobolus species.

Caseins↗
PubMed1982

[New case of rhinoentomophtoromycosis. Cure by ketoconazole].

A new case of rhino-entomophtoromycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus is added to the ten others observed in Cameroon, among the 62 african cases described. The patient, a man 27 years old, has an elephantiasis form with nasal obstruction, hypertrophy of lips, globulous forms of cheeks, giving a monstrous facies. After failure of KI and intravenous miconazole, therapeutic success was obtained with oral ketoconazole. After improvement with 400 mg daily, the doses were increased to 600 mg to obtain mycological and clinical cure with good clinical and biological tolerance; important eosinophilia related to the destruction of the fungus was observed. Restorative surgery was necessary to render a more human aspect of the monstrous lesions of face.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[First case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis observed in the People's Republic of the Congo (Congo Brazzaville)].

The first case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis to be recognised in the People's Republic of the Congo (Congo Brazzaville) is reported. The patients was a 55 years old congolese male. The early symptoms consist of a progressive nasal obstruction with a massa inside of the nostril, initially diagnosed as a rhinoscleroma. One year later the patient had a prominent distorsion of the face and the histological lesions were characteristic of an entomophthoromycose. Cultures were positive for Conidiobolus coronatus.

Congo↗
PubMed1983

Nasal entomophthoromycosis in Nigerian Igbos.

The clinical and epidemiological pattern of nasal entomophthorosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus, and its histological and mycological features in 13 Igbo patients are described. The disease occurs in an endemic fashion within the hinterland of the Igbo enclave, the riverine areas appearing somewhat exempt. The disease as seen here is probably of the same low virulence in man as reported from other parts of the world. It is likely that the few florid cases seen were due to neglect rather than to more aggressive behaviour. Our experience with these patients would lead us to adopt septrin as the drug of choice in the management of future cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of fungal disease. Five years' experience in a southern United States rural area with many blastomycosis cases.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative frequency of Blastomyces dermatitidis among other microorganisms in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens. STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of 208 BAL specimens received from 192 patients from March 1988 to August 1993. RESULTS: Forty-seven specimens from 42 patients were positive for pathogenic microorganisms, and 2 other specimens were diagnostic of malignancy. Pneumocystis carinii (23 specimens) was the most common microorganism found in the specimens. Candida spp (10 specimens) was the second most common microorganism, and B dermatitidis (5 specimens) was the third. Cryptococcus neoformans (3 patients), Histoplasma capsulatum (2 patients) and Conidiobolus coronatus (1 patient) were the other fungi detected in BAL. Acid-fast bacilli, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus were also found (1 patient each). Several patients had more than one organism. CONCLUSION: B dermatitidis was the third most common microorganism found in BAL specimens at our hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Entomophthoromycoses in Madagascar (three cases)].

The authors present three new cases of Entomophthoromycosis observed in Madagascar: Two cases of subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis without isolation of germ. An immunofluorescence technique showed the Basidiobolus ranarum to be the real cause. One case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis with isolation of Conidiobolus coronatus (first isolation in Madagascar).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of nasal entomophtoral phycomycosis observed in an arid African region (Somalia)].

On the African continent, rhinophycomycosis entomophtorae, a deep mycosis due to Conidiobolus coranatus, has been encountered mainly in wet forest areas. Only one case, which involved a Tchadian, has been reported in a dry zone. The present report describes a case observed in a 30-year-old Somalian, who lived all his life in the rural zone of Dinsoor where the climate is hot (temperature between 22 degrees C and 30 degrees C) and dry (annual rainfall less than 400 mm). In this patient, diagnosis was based on the presence of a characteristic bifocal deformation of the central region of the face and on histological findings typical of rhinophycomycosis entomophtorae. This case underlines the fact that this deep mycosis can occur outside of wet forest areas in Africa. Thus practitioners should not rule this diagnosis out simply on the basis of climatic conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Nasopharyngeal conidiobolomycosis in a horse.

Nasopharyngeal conidiobolomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus was diagnosed in a horse after endoscopic and histopathologic examinations of a biopsy specimen. The fungal lesions in the nasopharynx were substantially reduced in size after intralesional injection of amphotericin B through the biopsy channel of a videoendoscope in combination with i.v. administration of sodium iodide and oral administration of potassium iodide during a 2-month period. Endoscopy performed 15 months after initial examination revealed regression of the granulomatous masses in the nasopharynx and complete disappearance of the nasal masses. Two months later, clinical signs recurred, and the owner elected euthanasia without evaluation and treatment. Nasopharyngeal conidiobolomycosis may be treated successfully with intralesional injection of amphotericin B in combination with administration of sodium iodide and potassium iodide, but there is a possibility of recrudescence of infection.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Novel bifunctional alkaline protease inhibitor: protease inhibitory activity as the biochemical basis of antifungal activity.

An alkaline protease inhibitor (API) from a Streptomyces sp. NCIM 5127 was shown to possess antifungal activity against several phytopathogenic fungi besides its antiproteolytic (anti-feedent) activity [J. V. Vernekar et al. (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 262, 702-707]. Based on the correlation between antiproteolytic and antifungal activities in several tests such as copurification, heat inactivation, chemical modification, and its binding interaction with the fungal protease, we demonstrate, for the first time, that the dual function of API is a consequence of its ability to inhibit the essential alkaline protease. The parallel enrichment of both the functions during purification together with the heat inactivation of API leading to the concomitant loss of the two activities suggested their presence on a single molecule. Chemical modification of API with NBS resulted in the complete loss of antiproteolytic and antifungal activities, with no gross change in conformation implying the involvement of a Trp residue in the active site of the inhibitor and the presence of a single active site for the two activities. Treatment of API with DTT abolished both the activities although the native structure of API remained virtually unaffected, indicating the catalytic role of the disulfide bonds. Inactivation of API either by active site modification or by conformational changes leads to the concurrent loss of both the antiproteolytic and antifungal activities. Experimental evidences presented here serve to implicate that the antifungal activity of API is a consequence of its protease inhibitory activity.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Optimization of single-step purification of alkaline protease using different hydrophobic ligands.

The adsorption and desorption pattern of alkaline protease was studied using different aliphatic and aromatic hydrophobic ligands. Overall, higher adsorption was obtained on ligands coupled to 6% cross-linked gel than the 4% gel. The highest adsorption was obtained on butyl (94%) and phenyl (98.4%) of 6% cross-linked gel. The adsorption was dependent on concentration and nature of the ligand. In a single-step operation, almost 20-fold purification with 40% yield of the enzyme was obtained using all the optimized experimental parameters.

Adsorption↗